人教版必修五第一模块.docx
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人教版必修五第一模块
人教版必修5Unit1Greatscientists
Part1.Warmingup
1.explain及物动词(vt.)解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]
Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.
Canyouexplainhowthemachineoperates?
Pleaseexplainthisruletome.
不及物动词(vi.)解释;说明;辩解
I'vegottoexplainaboutit.
2.characteristicn.特征;特性Kindnessisoneofhischaracteristics.
adj.独特的Iheardmyfriend’scharacteristiclaugh.
becharacteristicofsb./sth.是.....的特性
Suchbluntnessischaracteristicofhim.如此迟钝是他的特性。
3.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?
putforward提出(建议等);提名;提前,把时钟往前拨
Heputforwardanewplan.
MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?
我能否提名你当委员会主席?
[归纳拓展]
putdown记下;镇压putout关掉;熄灭putaside放在一边;储存;保留putoff推迟;延期
putup建造;举起;张贴puton穿上putaway收好
选词填空
(putoff,putup,putforward,putaside,putout)
①Theplanthatyou_____atthemeetingiswonderful.②Manytallbuildingswere_____alongtheroad.
③Firefightershavebeencalledto_____thefireinthecitycenter.④Hehasalittlemoneyto_____forarainyday.
⑤Don’t_____untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.
Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending
1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch
howtoproveanewidea为“疑问词+不定式”结构,该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
Wehaven’tdecidedwheretogo.Thequestioniswhentoleave.
2.drawaconclusion得出结论
1)conclusion作名词,意为“结束,结论”cometo/reach/arriveataconclusion得出结论inconclusion最后
IwillinconclusionsayafewwordsaboutmyvisittoTokyo.最后,我对我的东京之行说几句。
2)conclude作动词,“结束;断定;决定”。
toconclude(作插入语)最后,作为总结(=tosumup)
Toconclude,Ithinksmokingdoesmoreharmthangoodtous.
3.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
expert
①n.专家,能手anexpertinpsychology(心理学)anagriculturalexpert
②adj.熟练的,有专门技术的
anexpertjob需专门知识的工作
Heisexpertin/atcooking.
attendvt.&vi参加,注意,照料
①bepresentat参加attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting
②attendto(on):
tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾,看护
Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending(on)her.DrSmithattendedherinhospital.
③attendto处理,注意倾听
Canyouattendtothematterimmediately?
Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.
4.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时,他就感到很振奋。
(1)exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动。
意为“患霍乱的”。
如:
ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.
(2)expose
①暴露exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
②揭露Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。
exposedadj.暴露的,暴露于风雨中的,无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露,显露
exposesth.tothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下
练习:
Thedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.
A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded
5.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。
neither...nor...既不……也不,连接句中两个相同成分。
1.NeitherJimnorhisparentshaveseenthefilm.
=NeitherhisparentsnorJimhasseenthefilm.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。
curevt.治疗,治愈,改正n.治疗,治愈,治疗法
①curesb(ofsth)治好了某人(的...,...)
Theonlywaytocurebackacheistorest.WhenIleftthehospitalIwascompletelycured.
②acureforsth.治疗…的方法;解决问题,改善困境
Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?
6.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.人们既不知道它的病因,也不懂如何治疗。
每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
(1)本句为复合句,“Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied”为主句,everytime引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……”。
(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用,引导时间状语从句。
例如:
everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,immediately,instantly等。
①Everytime/EachtimeIexpressanopinion,shearguesback.每当我发表意见时,她总是反驳。
②Ifoundmyselfinanentirelynewworldthemoment/theminute/immediatelyIarrivedhere.
③ThelasttimeIsawhim,hewasquitewell.
[拓展延伸]
(1)forthefirsttime是介词短语,常用作时间状语,而thefirsttime是连词,引导时间状语从句。
(2)Itisthefirsttimethat...如果前面用is,从句动词用现在完成时;如果前面用was,则从句动词用过去完成时.
(3)It’s(high)timethat...从句动词用过去时或should+动词原形。
It’shightimewetookimmediateactiontopreventpollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。
7.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair,acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖,像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害人。
suggestv.建议;暗示;表明suggest+doing/sth./thatsb.(should)dosth.
Maysuggestedapicnicattheweekend.HesuggestedtousavisittotheGreatWall.
HesuggestedusvisitingtheGreatWall.Isuggestedleavingearlyfortheairport.
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.Shesuggestedthatherfather(should)giveupsmoking.
*suggest(暗示,表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。
Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.
8..Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorbvt.
(1)专注,聚精会神beabsorbedin=putone’sheartinto集中精力做某事
Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.Absorbedinhiswork,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.
(2)吸收,把……吸收入(absorb...into...)
Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。
Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.
Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.
9.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但需要有证据。
suspectvt.认为,怀疑
常用短语:
suspectsthtobe;suspectsbofdoingsth.
Theysuspecthimtobethemurderer.Shesuspectedhimoftakinghermoney.
n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
10.....,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.
severeadj.严厉地;苛刻的;严格的
beseverewith/on对....严格/严厉Youaretoosevereontheboy.
剧痛的;剧烈的;严重的asevereattackoftoothache牙痛的剧烈发作
adv.severely
11.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.接下来,约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。
lookinto调查,了解,研究;朝……里面看
与one’sface/eyes等连用,表示“注视”
Helooksintoherfacewithgreatinterest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。
和look组成的其他短语
lookaround/about环顾四周 lookafter照顾;照料
lookback回头看 lookbackon回顾;回想lookdownupon轻视,瞧不起 lookfor寻求;寻找
lookforwardto(doing)盼望 lookon旁观lookon/upon...as把……看作 lookout往外看;注意;当心
lookthrough浏览 lookup抬头看;查看lookuptosb.尊敬/仰慕某人
12.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。
blamev.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备;(过失、过错等)责任
①blamesb.forsth./doingsth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.
②blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人
Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.
③betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责;注意:
betoblame应受责备(主动表被动);应负责任
Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.
13.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.利用这个额外证据,约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。
announcevt.
(1)宣布,宣告(决定、计划等)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事
announcethat...宣布……;通知……Itisannouncedthat...据宣布…
Pleaseannouncetoyourclassthattherewillbenoschooltomorrow.请通知你们班明天不上学。
IthasbeenofficiallyannouncedthathewillpayasecondvisittoChinasoon.据官方消息称,他不久将再次来中国访问。
[拓展延伸] announcementn.宣布;口头通知announcern.播音员makeanannouncement下通知
14.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议,所有水源都要经过检测。
prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.或keep...fromdoingsth.意为“阻止……做某事”
Whatcanwedotopreventthediseasespreading.
Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedfurther.
examinev.检查;细查;诊察;审问;盘问
Thedoctorexaminedtheboyandfoundtherewasnothingthematterwithhim.
examinationn.考试;检查;细查
takeanexamination参加考试medicalexamination体检underexamination在检查中;在审查中
17.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.“霍乱王”终于被击败了。
[辨析]win,beat与defeat
win“赢得”赛事、战事、某物;beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手,可与defeat互换
Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.
Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.
Part3.LearningaboutLanguage
1.takein收留;包括
2.constructionn.建设;建筑业;建造
Heworksinconstructionindustry.
词组扩展:
constructionworkers建筑工人underconstruction正在建设中
3.apartfrom有两种含义:
1)相当于besides.意为“除……以外(还包括)”
Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.
2)相当于except.意为“除……以外(不包括)”
IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish
过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时,其功能相当于一个定语从句。
被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者;在逻辑上,它们是动宾关系。
ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.
ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.
ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.
a.单个的过去分词作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面
theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心
alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention:
过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代词时,要放在这些词后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
b.过去分词短语作定语:
通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。
peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholera
thebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack
themachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear
c.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动,只表完成。
arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的时光
fallenleaves落叶
2)现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别:
现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语,所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,(或者没有一定的时间性)。
Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.
Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?
这是你老师推荐的书吗?
对比:
thechangingworld(正在变化的)thechangedworld(变化了的)
boilingwater(正在沸腾的)boiledwater(已经沸腾过的)
fadingflowers(正在凋谢的)fadedflowers(已经凋谢的)
adevelopingcountry(发展中的)a