Hit the Nail on the Head教案.docx

Hit the Nail on the Head教案.docx

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HittheNailontheHead教案

TextIHittheNailontheHead

I.Teachingobjectives

1.Understandingthevariousaspectsrelatedtotheusageofwords.

2.Cultivatingasenseofappropriatenessinstyle

3.Learningtouseanalogyasanexpositorymeans.

II.Warm-upquestions

1.Doesthetitlestrikeyouasabitunusual?

2.HaveyoueverheardoftheEnglishproverb“Hitthenailonthehead”?

Whatdoesitmean?

3.Whosejobinvolveshittingnails?

Isthetextconcernedaboutthecarpenter?

Then,what’sthemajorconcernoftheauthor?

4.Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthorrecognizeinthejobofacarpenterandtheworkofawriter?

5.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutstyle?

Doyoufinditaninterestingtopic?

6.Howdoyoulikethetext?

Doyoufinditdifficultoreasy?

Didittakeyoulongtopreparebeforeyoucometotheclass?

Aretheremanynewwordsinthetext?

III.Organizationofthetext

SectionI（paragraph1-3）:

Raisingthesubject:

Importanceofchoosingtherightword

Para1:

Introducingthetopicbydrawingananalogybetweenthecarpenterhammeringanailandthewriterusingwords.

Para2-3:

Elaboratingontheimportanceofchoosingtherightword–Itisaprocessofrealizing,definingandclarifyingyourthought.

Section2（paragraph4–10）:

Explainingthevariousaspectsintheprofileofaword

Para4-7:

IIllustratinghowwordswithcommonrootshavedifferentmeanings（Semanticaspect）

Para8:

Illustratinghowwordswithsimilarmeaningsmayhavedifferentassociations（Connotationalaspect）

Para9:

Illustratinghowwordswithsimilarmeaningsmayhavestylisticdifferences.（Stylistic/situationalaspect）

Para10:

Pointingoutthatageneralnotionmaybeexpressedbyavarietyofspecificwords（Variationinexpression）

Section3（paragraph11）:

Conclusion:

Qualityismoreimportantthanquantityinlearningvocabulary（withananalogytoechothebeginning）

IV.Textworkandlanguagepoints

SectionI（paragraph1-3）

Paragraph1:

1.Callstudents’attentiontotheuseofanalogybyaskingquestionssuchas

●Howdoestheauthorintroducethesubject?

●Whatexpositorymeansisusedinthefirstparagraph?

●Canyouexplainthedifferencebetween“comparison”and“analogy”?

2.Askstudentstoreadthepassageonpage7withthefollowingquestionsinmind:

●WHATisthepurposeofdrawingananalogy?

●WHENisitoftenused?

●HOWisitdifferentfrom“comparison”?

3.Askstudentstoidentifytheuseofcomparisonandtheuseofanalogyinpara..1

Comparison：

Aclumsymanaskillfulcarpenter

Agoodwriteraskillfulcarpenter

Analogy：

Awriterchoosingtherightword

Acarpenterhammeringanail

4.Sumupthemainpoints:

Analogyisaspecialkindofcomparisonandamoreconcretewaytoexplainthings.Thepurposeofanalogyistoexplainsomethingabstractandremote.Withanalogy,ofthetwothingsbeingcompared,oneisusuallyafamiliarsubject,whichhelpstoexplaintheother,whichisusuallyadifficultandabstractsubject,somethinghardtodefine.

Paragraph2-3

1.Askquestionstocheckstudents’understandingofthetext

a）Howisparagraph2linkedtothepreviousone?

Whatdoestheword“this”referto?

b）Isiteasytofindthewordthatexpressespreciselywhatawriterwantstoexpress?

Why?

Doyouhavethisprobleminwriting?

i.Wordsaremanyinnumber

ii.Wordsmayhavesubtledifferencesinthem（semantic,stylistic）

c）Doesabigvocabularyguaranteetheabilityofusingtherightword?

Why?

d）Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay?

”

[Thequestionsoundsirrational,butistrue.Unlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughts,wecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare.Withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.]

definingyourthought

Choosingwordsisaprocessofclarifyingwhatyoumean.

realizingyourmeaning

2.Callstudents’attentiontotheauthor’sgeneralization（line11-16:

“Wordsaremanyandvarious…thosewhohearorreadourwords.”;（line19-21）“Itishardwork…wearedealingwith”）Askthemtoreadaloud.Remindstudentstheimportanceofgeneralizationafterillustrations.

Languagepoints

1）（line4）drivesomethinghome:

force（thenail）intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear.e.g.

⏹Thepersonwhowinstheargumentistheonewhodriveshomehispoints.

⏹Advertiserskeeprepeatingthenamesoftheproductinordertodrivethemessagehome.

（also:

drivehometosb,sth.）

⏹YoumustdrivehometoJohnwherethedifficultylies.

⏹YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.

1）（line4）hittingitsquarelyonthehead:

directly,usedbothliterallyandfiguratively,examples:

⏹Theboxerhithisopponentsquarelyonthejaw.

⏹Wemustfacetheproblemsquarely.

2）（line7）cleanEnglish:

Englishwhichispreciseandclear（incontrastwithvague,slovenlylanguage）

3）（line10）scrupulouswriters:

writerswhoareverycareful,payingattentiontodetails一丝不苟的作家.“scrupulous”generallymeanspainstaking,meticulous（i.e.payinggreatattentiontosmallthings）.Itmaybepositiveornegativeinassociation,e.g.

⏹Heisscrupulousinhisbusinessdealings.（positive,正派，谨慎）

⏹Thenursetreatedhimwiththemostscrupulouscare.（positive）

⏹Thepaperisnotentirelyscrupulousinsettingitsassumptions.（negative）

⏹Hepaysscrupulousattentiontostyle.（positive）

Compare:

“unscrupulous”不择手段的（usuallynegativeinassociation）

4）shadesofmeaning:

slightdifferencesinmeaning.

5）Someusefulsentencepatternsinthissection

⏹（line13）Itisnotonlyamatterof…,itisalso…

⏹（line19）Itishardwork+doingsth

⏹（line23）…hesitatedoingsth（also..hesitateaboutdoingsth,hesitatetodosth.hesitateatsth.）

Sentencesforparaphrase

1.“Awordthatismoreorlessright,aloosephrase,anambiguousexpression,avagueadjective,willnotsatisfyawriterwhoaimsatcleanEnglish.”:

i.e.AwriterwhoisparticularlyconcernedaboutthepreciseexpressioninEnglishwillneverfeelhappywithawordwhichfailstoexpressanideaaccurately.

2.“Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization,…forthosewhohearorreadourwords.”:

i.e.Theprocessoffindingtherightwordstouseisaprocessofperfectionwhereyoutrytosearchforwordsthatmaymostaccuratelyexpressyourthoughtsandfeelings,andwordsthatmaymosteffectivelymakeyourlistenersandreadersunderstandyourthoughtsandfeelings.

3.“Itishardworkchoosingtherightwords,butweshallberewardedbythesatisfactionthatfindingthembrings.”:

i.e.Findingthemostsuitablewordtouseisinnosenseeasy.Butthereisnothinglikethedelightweshallexperiencewhensuchawordisfound.

Relevantinformation:

TheallusiontoFlaubert（Note7,page5）

GustaveFlaubert（1821–1880）,Frenchnovelist,wasassociatedwith,thoughnotrepresentativeof,themovementofnaturalismandknownasoneofthegreatestrealistsofthenineteenth-centuryFrance.Hedevotedhislifetolonghoursspentinheavytoiloverhiswork.Hiswritingismarkedbyexactnessandaccuracyofobservation,extremeimpersonalityandobjectivityoftreatment,andprecisionandexpressivenessinstyle,ortheprincipleofthemotjuste.

Section2（paragraph4–10）:

Thevariousaspectsinwordusage

（I）Thesemanticaspectofwords（paragraph4-7）

1.AskstudentstomakecommentsonthethreepairsofexamplesgiveninthissectionCompareandcontrasttheirdifferencesinmeaning.

human:

of,orrelatingtoman,

1）e.g.humanbeing;humannature;humanrights

humane:

.characterizedbykindness,mercy,orcompassion.

e.gahumanejudge/officer

humanaction=actiontakenbyman

humaneaction=mercifulaction

humankiller=personthatkillshumans

humanekiller=thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain,esp.

instrumentsforthepainlesskillingofanimals

anxiety:

associatedwithworry/fear

2）

eagerness：

fullofinterestordesire

singularity（ofmind）:

oddity,peculiarity,sththatsinglesapersonout

fromothers思想奇特、古怪

3）

singleness（ofmind）:

holdingsteadfastlytothepurposeinmind,without

beingdrawnasidebylessworthyobjects.思想专一、坚定

2.Pointoutwhatmayhappenifweconfusewordswithasimilarform.（onepossibleconsequence:

malapropism）.

Explain:

Malapropismistheuseofawordinmistakeforonesoundingsimilar,resultingincomiceffect,e.g.“allegory”for“alligator”;“delusions”for“allusions”

ThewordhasitsorigininMrs.Malaprop,afamouscharacterinSheridan’scomedytheRivals（1775）.Sheisnotedforherblundersintheuseofwords.“Asheadstrongasanallegory（alligator）onthebanksoftheNile”isoneofhergrotesquemisapplications.Shealsorequeststhatnodelusions（allusions）tothepastbemade.Shehasgivenusthewordmalapropismasanameforsuchmistakes.

AskstudentswhethertheycanrecallothernamesoffictioncharactersthathaveenteredtheEnglishdictionaryasMrs.Malaprop,（e.g.Mr.Micawber,RipVanWinkle…etc）

3.Askstudentstogivefurtherexamplesofconfusingwords,i.e.wordsthatlooksimilarinformbutdifferentinmeaning,suchas“credulous”and“credible”,etc.

Languagepoints:

1）distinct:

adj.A.differentinkinde.g.

⏹Weshouldkeepthetwoideasdistinct.将两个概念区别开来

⏹Donkeysandhorsesaredistinctanimals.不同的动物

B.clearlymarked,plain,e.g.

⏹adistinctimprovement明显的

⏹adistinctpronunciation清晰的

2）afield:

adv.awayfromone'shomeorusualenvironment.e.g.

⏹Don’tgotoofarafield.

Inthetext,itmaybeinterpretedas:

Thereisnoneedforustomakeanefforttofindproofofbadcarpentryin