英美文学作品评论DOC.docx

英美文学作品评论DOC.docx

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英美文学作品评论DOC

英国：

TheCanterburyTales:

ItisamasterpiecebyGeoffreyChaucer.

ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.ThepilgrimscoverawiderangeofcharactersintheEnglandofthetime,fromnoblementopeasants.Theyrepresentthewholerangeof14thcenturysocietyexcepttheverytopandtheverybottom.

Thiskindofacollectionoftalesputtogetherwasnotrareinhistory.However,inTheCanterburyTales,storiesarecleverlywoventogetherbylinksbetweenthestories.Mostofthestoriesarerelatedtothepersonalitiesofthetellers.Thepersonalityofeachcharacter,hisprivatelifeandhabits,hismoodandsocialstatusarerevealedintheprologueandinthestoryhetells,aswellasbyhisbehavioralongtheroadandhisremarksontheway.Thelinksbetweenthetalesareofgreatinterest.Mostimportantisthepartplayedbythehost.Hedrawstheshyonesout,smoothesoverthedifferences,andkeepthecompanygenerallyingoodspirits.

TheFaerieQueen:

ItisEdmundSensor’smasterpiece.Itwasalongpoemplannedin12books,ofwhichonly6werefinished.ThebookwasdedicatedtoQueenElizabeth.

Theplanofthewholepoemisthis:

Thefaeriequeen（signifyingQueenElizabethI）holdsafeastof12days,andoneachdayastrangerindistress（不幸）appears,claiminghelpagainstadragonorgiantortyrant.Aknightwasassignedtoeachguest,andthe12booksweretodescribe12adventures.Moreover,eachknightrepresentsavirtue,asHoliness,Temperance（温和）,Chastity（纯洁）,Friendship,JusticeandCourtesy;andhiswarfare（战争）representsthestrife（冲突）againstacontraryvice,asprideorDespair.Sothelongpoemisacontinuedallegory（寓言）.TheknightsrepresentEnglandandthedevilfiguresstandforherenemies.

Tamburlaine:

ItisaplaybyChristopherMarlowe.Itisaboutanambitiousandpitiless（冷酷无情的）Tartarconquerorinthe14thcenturywhorosefromashepherd（牧羊人）toanoverpoweringking.Byflouting（嘲笑）thegivenorderandtrampling（践踏）ondespairingprinces,Tamburlainedisplayedahigh-aspiringmindthatwasself-createdandcarriedbyloveanddreamsbeyondthelimitsofmoralexistence.Hisvictorieswereatriumph（胜利）ofimmensenaturalenergyandofruthlessnessoverequallycruelbutweakanddecadentcivilizations.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambitionandsheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.Beingacruelconqueror,hefindsconsummate（至上的）happinessinsubduing（征服）otherKingdoms.

Hamlet：

HamletisthemostpopularandthemostdiscussedofShakespeare’stragedies.ItbearsstrongresemblancetoalostearlierHamletandtoTheSpanishTragedybyThomasKyd.

ThegreatnessoftheplayliesinthefactthatinitShakespeareexpressedhispraiseofthenoblequalityofPrinceHamletasarepresentativeofhumanistthinkersandhisdisillusionmentwiththecorruptanddegeneratedsocietyinwhichhelived.

Hamlet’srevengeisnotonlyapersonalmatter.Whattroubleshimmostistheinjustice,conspiracy（阴谋）,andthebetrayalinthesociety.Hisfatherismurderedbyhisuncleandhismotherismarriedtohisunclerightafterhisfather’sdeath.

Themarriageofhismotheristhefirstblow（打击）tohimashehadregardedherasavirtuouswoman.Then,hisformerfriendsaredispatchedbythekingtospyonhim.Thisisasecondblow,forasahumanisthesetsgreatstorebyfriendship（以友谊为重）.ThenhisgirlfriendOpheliaissentasatooltofindoutwhetherornotheisreallymad.Thisissomethinghecannolongerendure.

Oneincidentafteranotherseemstorevealtohimthatthetimeis“outofjoint”andmanisnotsogoodashehadimagined.Hamletwouldhavebeenatragedyof“bloodandthunder”（充满凶杀情节）ifShakespearehadnotimbued（使渗透）theplaywiththesortofphilosophicalthinking,thishumanisticsearchforthevalueofmanandthedisappointmentofsuchideals.

OfStudies:

ItisthemostpopularofFrancisBacon’s58essays.Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.Beingforcefulandpersuasive,compact（紧凑的）andprecise,itrevealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.

ParadiseLost:

Milton’smasterpiece,itisalongepicdividedinto12books.ItisaboutAdamandEve’sdisobedienceandfallfromgrace.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis3:

1-24oftheBible.Thethemeisthe“FallofMan”,i.e.man’sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise,withitsprimecause——Satan.

Thepoet,throughdepictingincurrence（遭受）ofcharacterinthepoem,impliedthattheBritishBourgeoisRevolutionisdoomedtoendinfailure.

ThePilgrim’sProgress:

ThePilgrim’sProgress,writtenbyJohnBunyan,isthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.ItspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessesandallkindsofsocialevils.Itisnotonlyaboutsomethingspiritualbutalsobearsmuchrelevancetothetime.Itspredominantmetaphor——lifeisajourney——issimpleandfamiliar.

Therearesomemainthemes.First,knowledgegainedthroughtravel:

ThePilgrim’sProgressdemonstratesthatknowledgeisgainedthroughtravelbyportrayingChristianandhiscompanionslearningfromtheirmistakesontheirjourney.Thepilgrimsmustadvancespirituallyasheorsheadvancesgeographically.Second,theimportanceofreading:

TheimportanceofreadingisemphasizedthroughoutthebookbecausethepilgrimsreachsalvationandhappinessbyunderstandingtheBible.Third,thevalueofcommunity.

MollFlanders:

ItwaswrittenbyDanielDefoe.Itiswritteninanautobiographicalformcalledmemoirs.

InMollFlanders,Defoeintroduces,forthefirsttime,alowlywomanasthesubjectofliterature.AnditanticipatesmanylaternovelsthattakewomenasthecenterofattentioninordertoexposehowthesocialsystemhasvictimizedthoselikeMoll.AtDefoe’stime,therearemanypopularnovelsandstoriesaboutthelivesofvillainsorrogues（流氓）.However,Moll’slifestoryisadeparturefromthose,becausethosenovelsindulgeindramatizing（使戏剧化）thetricksandimmortalschemestheanti-herooranti-heroineadoptsinordertoachievehisorherpurposes.Therefore,thoseworksremainatthelevelofmereentertainmentliterature.MollFlanders,ontheotherhand,hasenteredseriousliteraturewithagravesocialtheme.

TomJones:

TomJonesisamasterpieceofHenryFieldingonthesubjectofhumannature.

Thereare18booksdividedinto3partswith6ineach.ThefirstpartdescribesTom’schildhoodinMr.Allworthy’shome;themiddleonecontainsadventuresontheroadtoLondon;andthelasttellswhathappensinLondontoTomandSophia.

ToFielding,thecountrysiderepresentsthebasicgoodnessofhumanrace,whereasthecitystandsforevilandsin.Therefore,Tom,growinginthecountrysideunderthecareofgoodMr.Allworthy,isbasicallyanuprightyoungfellow,braveandhonestandfullofsympathyforthepoorandweak.ThefartherheproceedstoLondon,theworsehebecomesmorally,spiritually,andevenphysically.InLondon,hedegeneratesintoakeptmanofarichwoman,endsupinprison,andisshockedbyhisalleged（声称的）incestuouscrime（乱伦罪）.

TheSchoolforScandal:

ItisSheridan’smasterpiece.ItiswritteninthetraditionofComedyofManners.

Itisastoryabouttwobrothers:

JosephSurfaceandCharlesSurface.CharlesfallsinlovewitharichheiressMariaandhisloveisreturned.Joseph,hiselderbrotherisalsocountingMariaforherfortunes.TheplayendswiththeunionofCharlesandMariaandtheexposureofJoseph’shypocrisy.

Itisasharpsatireonthemoraldegeneracy（堕落）ofthearistocratic-bourgeois（贵族资产阶级）societyinthe18thcenturyofEngland.

SonsofInnocence:

WilliamBlake’smostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.

ThepoemscollectedinSongsofInnocenceexpressthepoet’sdelightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Theworldisseenthroughtheeyesofachild’simagination.Blake’svisionofinnocenceisnotthatofachild’sonly.Itisaworldthatcanbeattainedbytheadultsiftheycastaway（丢掉）thefollies（罪恶）anddeceits（欺骗）ofthehostileworldandseekavisionaryworldthroughtheirimagination.InthiscollectionwecanhavethefirstglimpseofBlake’smysticism（神秘主义）,whichwilldevelopinhislaterpoems.

SongsofExperience:

WilliamBlake’smostwellknownpoemsarecollectedintwocollections.TheyareSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience.

SongsofInnocenceisacollectionofpoemsandsongsinwhichtheatmosphereisnolongersunnybutsadandgloomy.Evilisfoundeverywhereinthisworld.Throughthelossofimagination,manhasbecomeaslavetothefalsehood（谎话）andhypocrisyofreligionandsociety,andthushaslosttheHeavenofInnocenceandgainedtheHellofExperience.

ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage:

《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》

ItisalengthynarrativepoembyGeorgeGorgonBryon.

Ittellsastoryofapilgrim’sjourneyinEurope.TheherowascalledChildeHarold.Hegottiredofthemeaninglessandemptylifeofpleasureandescapedtoseekaspiritualrebirth.

Byronreflectedthehistoricaleventsandlamentedonthesufferingsofpeople,bywhichheshowedhispoliticalandphilosophicalviews.

Inthepoem,ChildeHaroldwasthepoethimself;theybothlamentedoverthecorruptedrealityandwantedtomakeachange;theylovedfreedomandwereeagertobuildamarvelouscareer.

Thepoemisanimaginativeandromanticpresentationofthepoet’s