高考英语语法动词不定式.docx
《高考英语语法动词不定式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法动词不定式.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高考英语语法动词不定式
非谓语动词复习策略
一般现在时一般过去时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
将来完成时完成进行时
（一）动词不定式
【基本概念】
对英语动词的基本认识
时态（按高考要求共九十个时态）
谓语动词语态（主动语态和被动语态）
语气（陈述语气和虚拟语气）
动词主谓一致
动词不定式（todo）非谓语动词
分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）
动名词（doing）
非谓语动词是指不能充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。
非谓语动词的基本形式及其语法功能
非谓语动词时态和语态的形式（以动词do为例）
动词不定式
动名词/现在分词
过去分词
一般式
todo
doing
done及物动词的过去式既表示被动又表示完成；个别的过去分词（多数为不及物动词）并不表示被动的意思，只表示完成。
一般式被动式
tobedone
beingdone
完成式
tohavedone
havingdone
完成被动式
tohavebeendone
havingbeendone
进行式
tobedoing
非谓语动词的语法功能
具有哪些词性的部分特征
可充当的句子成分
名词
形容词
副词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
非谓语动词
（一）——动词不定式考查热点
【基本概念】
不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。
一、考查动词不定式（短语）的句法功能
1.不定式做主语。
动词不定式可以作句子的主语，这时谓语动词用单数。
若不定式主语较长，常用it来代替它作形式主语，而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后，以免句子结构头重脚轻。
如：
1. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
2. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cold sea.
A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes
动词不定式作主语时，it为形式主语的常见句型有：
① It is easy /difficult/hard /important/right/ wrong/ possible/ necessary, /foolish/ kind...to do...
②It is a pleasure /pity/ pleasant thing/ an honour...to do...
③It takes （sb.） some time to do...
2.不定式做宾语。
有些及物动词常跟动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有：
like, want, try, wish, begin, decide, ask , forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse 等。
如：
3. I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
4. They’re not very good, but we like ___.
A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anyway D. with them to play basketball anyway
有些动词后面跟复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语 ——不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。
这类动词常见的有find（发现），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得），make（使得）等。
如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思觉得研究俄国形势很重要。
3.不定式做表语
作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容，句子的主语通常是hope, idea, job, mistake, plan, suggestion, wish, work, aim, purpose, thing, business等。
如：
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make
4.不定式做定语
不定式（短语）作定语要放在所修饰的名词/代词后面，他们之间常存在如下关系：
①主谓关系, 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑主语。
如：
She was the first person to think of the idea.她第一个想到这个注意。
②动宾关系, 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
如：
6. There are five pairs ____, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
③同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词/代词的内容。
如：
I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.我想得到去国外进修的机会。
5.不定式做状语
不定式作状语用来修饰动词，表示目的、结果、原因等。
① 作目的状语
不定式作目的状语，有时在形式上与结果状语一样。
但是位于句首的一定是目的状语，位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语，这要根据上下文来判断。
如：
7. ____ more about seniorthreecourses, call （029） 88231608.
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
8. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
9. He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left.
A. to findB. finding C. found D. to have found
有时为了强调，还可以在不定式前加in order （to）或so as （to）, in order （to）可以用于句首或句末,so as （to）不能用于句首
In order to search for gold, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子很多人去了加利福尼亚。
10. Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
②作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常见于too...to, enough to等句式中。
如：
This meeting room is too small for over fifty people to hold a meeting in.
The ice is thick enough to walk on. 冰够厚了可以在上面行走。
onlytodo是不定式做结果状语的典型用法，这种“结果”往往是预想不到的。
YesterdayIwenttoseehimonlytofindhehadbeenawayonbusiness.
Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.
③作原因状语
不定式作原因状语主要用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后面。
如：
She seemed surprised to meet us. 他遇见我们,似乎有点惊讶。
I am very sorry to hear your mother is ill.听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。
6.不定式做宾语补足语
不定式可与名词或代词构成复合宾语，这时不定式作宾语补足语。
此情况分以下三种：
① 带to的不定式作宾语补足语
要求这种结构的动词主要有：
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, force, invite, like, love, teach, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want 等。
如：
11. My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
② 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语
常用于这种结构的动词有：
“我看三室两厅一感觉”动词五看see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,三使have,make,let;
两听hear,listento;一感觉feel.后做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态时必须用do；改为被动语态又必须用to。
12. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way.
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed
③在help后既可带to也可不带to。
如：
Will you help me （to） plant these trees, please?
你愿意帮我种这些树吗？
当含有复合宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
这时，原来不带to的不定式要加上to。
如：
12. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused
13.— Is Bob still performing?
— I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
7.不定式做插入语，修饰全句
Totellthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyonme.Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.
【高考热点】
二、考查动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not或never。
如：
15. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
16. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ____.
A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking
三、考查动词不定式的时态形式
不定式一般有三种时态形式：
一般式、进行式和完成式。
（一）不定式的一般式
在很多情况下，不定式的一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后。
如：
17. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
不定式的一般式有时表示不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生。
如：
We listened her play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听她用钢琴弹奏的肖邦的曲子。
（二）不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时，它的动作正在进行。
如：
He pretended to be listening attentively. 他假装在认真听。
（三） 不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：
18. You were silly not ____ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
四、考查动词不定式的被动态
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,一般需用被动语态。
不定式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。
（一）不定式被动态的一般式
不定式被动态的一般式表示被动意义，它的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。
如：
19. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____ in time for Christmas
A. in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving
20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
（二）不定式被动语态的完成式
不定式被动语态的完成式表示被动意义，而且它的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：
21. He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly
D. to have been badly treated
五、考查动词不定式的复合结构的用法
“for+名词/代词宾格+不定式”构成不定式复合结构。
这里的for本身无意义，名词/代词宾格是不定式的逻辑主语，说明不定式的动作执行者。
如：
Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. 有时也可在形容词后用复合结构“of+sb.+不定式”。
常可这样用的形容词有kind, good, bad, right, wrong, clever, foolish, stupid等。
这些形容词既能表示不定式动作的性质，又可体现人的特点。
在此结构中, sb.与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系;无此关系时,要用for。
如：
22. It was foolish ____ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
It’s wrong of the other children to make fun of you. （=The other children are wrong to make fun of you.）
It is necessary for you to work hard.（≠You are necessary to work hard.）
六、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why以及连词whether等与不定式构成的短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
如：
23. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect
24. Last summer I took a course on ____.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses to make C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
七、考查动词不定式在某些句式或结构中的用法
不定式常可用于used to do sth., would rather do...than do, can’t choose but do, can’t help but do,
prefer to do...than （to） do , happen to do等固定结构中。
如：
25. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B.to be hearing C.to hear D. to have heard
26.
Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. Admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
八、考查动词不定式的省略
在口语中，如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，后面常用不定式符号to替代动词及其后续部分。
如：
Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?
I'llbegladto.
Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?
Iprefernotto.
在usedto、begoingto、meanto、oughtto、tryto、planto等结构中，当不定式省略时，to常都保留。
当两个或多个带to的不定式由并列连词and或or连接在一起时，第二个及其后的不定式符号to常可省略。
Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadoverthetextcarefullyand（to）putdowntheimportantpoints（or）putforwardquestionsifthereisany.但如果两者有对比关系，则在每个不定式前面加to：
Theydidn'ttellmewhethertogoonortostop.
27. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
28. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not it
九、考查“名词/代词+不定式”构成的独立结构的用法
“名词/代词+不定式”构成的独立结构在句中常作状语。
如：
29. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
动词不定式测试
（）1.Shepretended_________
升级会员 