绝望的主妇隐喻研究英语DOC.docx

绝望的主妇隐喻研究英语DOC.docx

《绝望的主妇隐喻研究英语DOC.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《绝望的主妇隐喻研究英语DOC.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

绝望的主妇隐喻研究英语DOC

郑州大学毕业论文

题目:

AnalysisofMetaphorinDesperateHousewives

《绝望的主妇》隐喻研究

学生姓名：

田磊学号：

20115410527

指导教师：

李文竞职称：

讲师

院（系）：

护理学院年级：

2011

专业：

双学位班级：

6

完成时间：

2015年5月29日

AnalysisofMetaphorinDesperateHousewives

TianLei

AThesisSubmittedasPartialRequirements

FortheBachelor’sDegreeofArtsinEnglish

SupervisedbyLiWenjing

SchoolofForeignLanguages

ZhengzhouUniversity

May29,2015

摘要

美国语言学家莱可夫和约翰逊在《我们赖以生存的隐喻》中首先提出概念隐喻的理论。

他们认为:

“隐喻渗透于日常生活,不但渗透在语言里,也渗透在思维和活动中。

我们借以思维和行动的普通概念系统在本质上基本上是隐喻的。

”隐喻不仅仅是一种语言上的想象力，而且在本质上是人类理解周围世界的一种感知和形成概念的工具。

隐喻无处不在,影响着人类的思维和行为，它通过感知理解投射到现实生活中,深化并内化相关的文化内核,进而更好地理解艺术作品的主题。

《绝望的主妇》是美国ABC公司拍摄的一部风靡全球的畅销电视剧，其获得巨大成功的因素是多方面的，其中最具特色的是电视剧中的隐喻，在电视剧中应用了大量的隐喻，它们对这部电视剧起到了提炼与深化主题的作用。

关键词：

绝望的主妇；隐喻

Abstract

AmericanlinguisticiansLakoff&JohnsonarethefirstmenwhoputforwardtheconceptofmetaphortheoryintheirarticalMetaphorsWeLiveBy.Intheirwords:

metaphorcanbefoundinoureverydaylife,notonlyinthelanguage,butalsoinourthinkingandkindsofactivities.Theconceptsysteminwhichourthinkingandactionismetaphoricalinnature.Metaphorisnotonlyakindofimagineinlanguage,butalsoakindoftoolinwhichpeopleawareandformtheimageconceptwhenweseetheworldaroundus.Metaphorisinourdailylife,whichdosomethingaboutourthinkingandbehavioralpatterns.Itshowswhatwethinkabouttothereallife.What’smore,itmakestherelatedculturedeepenandinternalizetohelpustorealizethethemeofthemovie.DesperateHousewivesisapopularAmericanTVplayintheglobalworldwhichisfilmedbyABCCompany.Ofcourse,therearemanyfactorstoitssuccess,butitisuniquethattheapplicationofmetaphorinthemovie.Alotofmetaphorsfoundinthemovie,helpingrefineanddeepeningthetheme.

Keywords:

Desperatehousewives;Metaphors

Acknowledgements

Uponwritingthisthesis,mydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttomysupervisorWenjingLi,forherguidance,patienceandtheadvicehergivesme.Thisthesishasbeencompletedunderherguidance.Shehashelpedmetoreviseseveraltimesandprovidedconstructivesuggestions.Besides,Iwouldlikethankstotheteacherswhogivemeclassesinthepastseveralyears,withoutthemIcan’tgothroughmythesissoquickly.AtLast,mythankswouldgotomyroommateswhogavemeahandfacingthedifficultiesinthehardperiodsofthisthesis.

Outline

I.Introduction

A.ThepurposeoftheStudy

B.InnovationPointandSignificanceoftheStudy

II.ReviewonMetaphor

A.Definition

B.TheCharacteristicsofMetaphor

C.StudiesofGrammaticalMetaphoratHomeandAbroad

III.MetaphorCharactersinDesperateHousewives

A.ABriefIntroductiontoDesperateHousewives

B.MetaphorsUsedinDesperateHousewives

IV.Conclusion

AnalysisofMetaphorinDesperateHousewives

I.Introduction

A.ThepurposeoftheStudy

Foralongtimemetaphorhasbecomeoneofthemajortopics.Ithasattractedtheattentionfrommoreandmorescholarsandtheorists.Metaphorsaremostlyculturallyspecificbecausetheirvaluesdependsonthereaders'understanding.Thispaperaimstostudyonmetaphorfromtheperspectiveoforalcommunication.SinceDesperateHousewivesisapopularAmericanTVserieswhichhasattractedaudiencesfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsallovertheworld.Manyscholarshaveshowngreatinterestinitandmadetheirstudyfocusonitshumorouslanguage,femininelanguagefeatures,anditssubtitletranslation.However,studiesonitsrhetoricaldevices,especiallyonmetaphorarerare.ThisthesisistoenrichthestudyonthisTVseriesbyanalyzingmetaphorsinDesperateHousewives.

B.InnovationPointandSignificanceoftheStudy

TheinnovationpointandthecontentsoftheStudyareasfollows:

Withtherapidgrowthindevelopingcountries,thereare70%ofthepeoplearemiddleclassinFebruary2009accordingtothesurvey.Itsuggeststhatthenumberofmiddleclasshasalreadyreachedanewtop.Andtheydonotlivefromhandtomouthastheyusuallydo,andtheygoafternotonlythebasicfoodandsheltersbutalsotheconsumergoodseventheluxury.Theyspendmoneytoimprovetheirhealthlevelandprovidefortheirchildren’sbettereducation.Aslanguagecanreflecttheattitudesandvaluesofthespeakers,wecananalyzethemechanismofthemetaphorusedbythespeakersandwithitwecanbetterfindandrealizethehiddenattitudesandvaluesofthespeakers.WeseeandknowmoreaboutthedailysocialstatusandthevaluesoftheAmericanafterouranalysisofgrammaticalmetaphorusedintheTVseries.Asweallknow,mostofworksofliteraturesorfilmsorTVseriesreflectthereallives.Ifwe

studythelanguagefeaturesoftheseworksdeeper,wecanfurtherunderstandtheculturalofgenderdifferenceinlanguageusageandrealizethecultureofacountrybetter.

What’smore,thestudiesofmetaphoricaltheoryaremostlyappliedonwrittenlanguage.AsfarasIknowthestudyonspokenlanguagefocusingonmetaphorarerare.InmystudyItrymybesttoanalysisthestudyofgrammaticalmetaphortospokenlanguage.

InmystudyImainlystudythegrammaticalmetaphor.Thankstothis,studentscanbetterunderstandtheTVshows,suchastherelationshipbetweencharacters,theirsocialstatusandsoon,insteadofjustknowingtheliteralmeaningorgrammarstructuresofsentences.Atthesametime,fromtheTVshowsIlearntouserightwordsinproperplace.Itisanecessarylessonforustocultivationagoodsensetousetherightwordsinrightplace.ForEnglish,ithasamassedintuitiveknowledgeaboutlinguisticappropriatenessandcorrectness.ComparedwiththeaboriginesofEnglish,foreignstudentsarenotdoingwellinthesituationsandcustomsofEnglishspeakingcountries;asaresult,theyareataseainthismattersometimes.Dependonit,iftheyneverlearnstylistics,theyarealwaysnotawareofthedifferencebetweencommonandraretypesoflanguagebehavior.What’smore,theyarenotawareofthealternativesavailableinparticularsituations;theycannotreactappropriatelytolanguageright.Whattheyknowisonlywhattheyaretaughtinlanguageclasses.Forwhatwetalkabove,forthepointtomakestudentsbetterinforeignlanguagesstudy,weshouldcultivatetheirsenseofstyles.

II.ReviewonMetaphor

Metaphor,apopularphenomenon,iswidelyusedatalltimes.Thispartismainlyanintroductiontometaphorandpreviousstudiesonit.

A.Definition

MetaphorcomesfromtheGreekword“Metaphora”.Theroot"meta-"means“over”and“phora”implies“carry”.Thecompoundingwordrelatestolinguisticprocess,throughwhichthecharacteristicsofacertainobjectcouldbetransferredtoanotherone,intheeffectthatthesecondobjectcouldbetakenasthefirstone.

InWebster‘sNewWorldDictionary,metaphorisdefinedas:

“afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,differentthingbybeingspokenofasifweretheother;impliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyuseofonethingisappliedtoanother".

GeorgeLakoffandMarkJohnsonsaidthat“Theessenceofmetaphorisunderstandingandexperiencingonekindofthingintermsofanother".Theyalsoputforwardthewell-knownterm“conceptualmetaphor”intheirworkMetaphorsWeliveby.

Fromallovertheabove,wecanfindmetaphorisconsideredasamatteroflanguage,orarhetoricaldevice,whichmakescomparisonbetweentwoelementsthat,bearssomesimilarities.However,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Itistakenasafigureofspeechthatusedforsomespecialeffects,aswellasanartthatonlymastersoflanguageknowhowtoemploy.Inthisdefinition,similaritiesbetweenthetwoelementsarementioned,buttheyarejustwithinthescopeoflanguageinsteadofsomethingrelatedtopeople'scognition.Accordingtothem,metaphorisnotjustamatteroflanguage.Itisthesystematicmappingfromsourcedomaintotargetdomain.Itisrelatedtopeople'sthinkingandcognition.Thisistheviewofcontemporarymetaphorstudy,whichisfromtheviewofcognition.

Thedefinitionsofmetaphorisdifferentfortheveryperspectivesanddifferentscholars.However,thereissomethingincommonintheabovedefinitions.Metaphorismainlytheresemblanceorsimilaritybetweentwosimilarelements:

theimageandtheobject.Wecannotcallitametaphorifthetwoelementsarenotsimilarinalloftheirrespects.

B.TheCharacteristicsofMetaphor

Generallyspeaking,metaphorhasthefollowingcharacteristics:

Tenorreferstotheliteralmeaning.Vehiclereferstothefigurativemeaning.Theelementthatisnotoverlystatedisground,whichservesasthelikenessperceivedbetweenthetenorandthevehicle.Everymetaphorisimplicitlyoftheform“XislikeYinrespectofZ”（Xisthetenor,YisthevehicleandZistheground）.

Asweallknow,metaphorisnotwhatitliterallymeans.Thecontextdeterminestheimpliedmeaning.Besides,theconflictingunderstandingcoursemakesthemeaningofmetaphordifferentfromtheliteralmeaning.However,whenthereisconflictbetweentheliteralmeaningandtheinvolvedcontext,wechoosemetaphoricalmeaningwhichisanotherkindofunderstandingandconsistentwiththecontext.Metaphorisinessenceaself-contradictoryandself-destructivephenomenon.

Metaphormustbeproducedinaparticularcontext,whichmeansthecontextisakeyfactorthatinfluencesmetaphorgreatly.

C.StudiesofGrammaticalMetaphoratHomeandAbroad

AristotlecameupwiththeexplorationofmetaphorTwothousandyearsago.Inhisrhetoricandpoetics,hetalkedaboutmetaphormanytimes.Inhispoint,metaphorcanad