英语八级校对与改错练习.docx

英语八级校对与改错练习.docx

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英语八级校对与改错练习

校对与改错（91-95试卷）

PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION

PassageOne

Itisverydifficult∧imagineaneducationalsystemwhichtransmits1.to

valuesseriouslyinconflictwiththatofthegovernmentandthestate,or2.those

whichcontributesnothingtotrainingyoungpeoplefortheirfutureadult

work-roles.However,educationalsystemsareoftenonlypartialsuccessful.3.partially

Thisispartlybecausepeoplehavedifferentviewsofwhatelementsofculture

（normsandvalues）shouldbestressed（on）,andwhatskillsareuseful.4.on

Suchdisagreementhasafundamentalbasisin∧socialstructureofmodem5.the

Britainbecausethereisoftenacontradictionamongthetwofunctionsof6.between

socializationandtraining.Thisisbecausethetwofunctionsarenoteasily

separateinpractice.Thenormsandvaluestransmittedtoanygroupof7.separated

childrenhavetobesomehowrelatingtothekindsofskillsthey8.related

∧taught.Thecultureofthearistocracyisnotthesameasthatofworking9.are

-classneighborhoodsintheinnercities.Similarly,trainingfordifferent

sortsofworkneedtobedifferent:

tobeproficientinLatinisnotuseful10.needs

totheshopassistant,justasexpertiseinwoodworkisirrelevanttoauniversityteacher.

PassageTwo

Aspeopleliveinafast-movingworldwheretensionsbuildup,the

effectsoflong-distancerunningareuplifting.

Eachhillisapproachedasapositivechallenge,causingtherunnerto

growstronglywitheachstrideandleadinghimtotranquilityandharmony.1.stronger

Long-distancerunning（that）helpsapersontoforgetpressureonfamily2.that

problemsaswellasjobrelatedannoyances.Anexamplecomesquicklyin3.to

mind.OnedayIhadareallyterriblefightwithmylandladyoversomefoolish

incident.Iscreamedandyelledatherbutsheverynearlythrewmeout.A4.that

fewminuteslater,Iset∧formydailyrun.Bytheendofthefirstmile,the5.outargumentseemedlikethebaddream.Attheendofthefourthmile,Iwas6.a

fullwithfeelingsofremorseandforgivenesstowardsthelandlady.Isaw7.filled

howunreasonableIhavebeen,Istoppedatthelocalflowershopandbought8.had

mylandladyabeautifulrose,whichIimmediatelygaveher∧Istepped9.as

insidethehouse.Runninghasthatkindofeffectonmostrunners.Itmakesus

feelpositiveandserene.Incorporatinglong-distancerunningintoadaily

routinewillsignificantlychangearunner'slife.Idonotknowwhetherit

comesfromfollowingastrictroutinetheimprovedphysicalconditionofthe10.that

runner.ButIdoknowthatpeoplequicklybecomeaddictedtothesport.

PassageThree

Whatisdrug?

Most（of）peopleprobablythinkthere’saperfectsimple1.of

answertothisquestion.Infact,ifonecarriesaquicksurveyonanystreet

corner,onefindsthat,accordingto∧vastmajorityofpeople,therearetwo2.the

groupsofdrugs:

thoseprescribedbydoctors,andthosepeopletakefor

non-medicaluse.Asmedicineandmedicalprofessionaregenerally

self-respectful,therearen'tanyobjectionstotheuseofprescribeddrugs.3.self-respected

Whatmostpeopledon’trealizeisthatwhenprescribeddrugsareusually4.though

beneficial,theycanalsopresentaseriousproblem.Thereweremany

peopleaddictedbytranquillizersbeforedoctorsbegantoprescribethem:

5.to

nowtherebeingliterallymillionswhodependonthem.Anacceptanceof6.are

theuseofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsislargelyamatterofaculture.

SomeEasternpeoplethinktheuseofalcoholwithhorror,mainlyas7.lookat

aresultofreligiousupbringing.However,thesesimilarpeoplefreely8.same

usemarijuanawithoutasecondthought,andthis,inturn,isn’taccepted

in∧Westernculturewhichacceptsalcohol.InmostWesternsocieties,9.a

thetea-orcoffee-break'snowapartof（the）life.Andhugequantities10.the

ofthesedrinksareconsumeddaily.

PassageFour

Inacompetitiveandfast-pacedmodemsociety,busybusiness

executivesaresoengrossingintheirworkthattheyhardlyknowwhat1.engrossed

theword'leisure"means.Thehigheranexecutive’spositionisonthe

businessladder,themorehourshespendsonhiswork.Withaviewto

gaininggreatercorporatestandingorabigpayrise,he,asarule,far2.bigger

exceeds（over）the40-hourworkingweek.3.over

Theadditionalstressandtensionaswellastheshortageofsuitable4.lack

restandrecreationveryoftenhaveadisastrouseffectonhishealth.Few

suchexecutivesrealizethatunlesstheylearnhowtorelax,theywillsoon

run∧ofstreambeforetheygettothetopoftheexecutiveladder.Anoted5.out

Americanauthorityonleisurehassaidthat“Thekeytorelaxationtobusy6.for

executivesistoavoidthetypesofactivitiesthatarepartandparcelof

theirdailyworkandtodevotethemselvestotallytohaverecreational7.having

pursuitsforatleastapartofeachday,even∧itisonlyforhalfanhour.8.if

Those∧jobsrequireagreatdealofcontactwithotherscanengageinactivities9.whose

thatarequietandpeaceful―farfromthemaddingcrowd,farfromclient10.clients

andbusinessassociates.”

PassageFive

AirqualityinBritainhasimprovedconsiderablyinthelast30years.

Totalemissionsofsmokeintheairhaverisenbyover85percentsince1.decreased

1950.Thedomesticsmokingcontrolprogramhasbeenparticularly2.smoke

importantinachievingthisresult.Londonandothermajorcitiesno

longerhavethedensesmoke-laden“smogs”ofthe1950sbutincentral3.and

Londonwintersunshinehasincreasedbyabout70percentsince1958.

Since1990,everydayairpollutiondatafromtheBritishMonitoring

networkhasmadeavailabletothepublicbytheDepartmentofthe

Environment’sAirQuantityBulletins.Theseconcentratedthreemain4.Quality

pollutants-ozone,nitrogendioxideandsulphurdioxide—endgrade

airqualityonascalebetween“veryweak”and“verygood”.The5.by

informationfeaturesintelevisionandradioweatherreports∧appears6.and

inmanynationalandlocalnewspapers.Therefore,thedataarealso7.Moreover

availableonthespecialfreetelephonenumberandonvideotextsystems.8.a

Acomprehensivereviewoftheissueofurbanizedairqualitywasannounced9.urban

inJanuary1992.Threeindependentcommitteesofexpertshavebeen

establishedtoadviseondifferentaspectsoftheproblem,andwillset∧10.up

guidelinesandtargetsforairquality.Thenetworkwillalsobeing

extendedandupgradedatacostof10millionpounds.

PassageSix

Theamazingsuccessofhumansasaspeciesistheresult

oftheevolutionarydevelopmentofourbrainswhichhastenedto

tool-using,tool-making,theabilitytosolveproblemsbylogical

reasoning,thoughtfulcooperation,andlanguage.Oneofthemost

strikingwaysinthatchimpanzeesbiologicallyresemblehumans1.which

liesinthestructureoftheirbrains.Thechimpanzee,withthe

capacityforprimitivereasoning,exhibitsatypeofintelligence∧like2.more

thatofhumansthandoesanyothermammallivingtoday.Thebrain

ofthemodemchimpanzeeisprobablynottoodissimilartothebrain

thatsomanymillionsofyearsagodirectthebehaviorofthefirstape3.directed

man.

Inalongtime,thefactthatprehistoricpeoplemadetoolswas4.For

consideredtobeoneofthemajorcriteriondistinguishingthemfrom5.criteria

othercreatures.Itistruethatthechimpanzeedoesnotfashiontoolsto

“aregularandsetpattern”butthen,prehistoricpeople,aftertheir6.before

developmentofstonetools，undoubtedlypokedaroundwithsticksandstraws,

atwhichstageitseemsunlikelythattheymadetoolstoasetpatterntoo.7.either

Itisbecause∧thecloseassociationinmostpeople’smindsof8.of

toolswithhumansthatspecialattentionhasalwaysbeenfocusedupon

anyanimalabletouseanobjectiveasatool;butitisimportanttorealize9.object

thatthisability,onitsown,doesnotnecessarilyindicateanyspecial

intelligenceinthecreatureconcerning.10.concerned

PassageSeven

Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebridalcouple

promiseseachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneoutoffour1.promise

Americanmarriagesendsindivorce.Since1940,thedivorcerate

hasmorethandoubled,andexpertspredictthat,ofallmarriages

thatoccuredinthe1970s,about50%willendindivorce,TheUSA2.occurred

isoneofthehighestdivorceratesintheworld,perhapseventhehighest.3.has

Whatgoeswrong?

Thatfactthatdivorceissocommoninthe

UnitedStatesdoesnotmeanthatAmericansconsidermarriageacasual,

unimportantrelationship.Just∧oppositeistrue.Americansexpecta4.the

greatdealfrommarriage.Theyseekphysical,emotional,and

intellectualcompatibility.Theywanttobeloveddeepandunderstood.5.deeply

ItisbecauseAmericansexpectsomuchfrommarriagethatsomany

getdivorce.Theyprefernomarriageatalltoamarriagewithoutlove6.divorced

andunderstanding.WithtypicalAmericanoptimist,theyendone7.optimism

marriageinthehope（of）thatthenextwillbehappier.Withno-fault8.of

divorcelawsinmanystates,itiseasierthannevertogetadivorce.