中考英语语法整个初中三英语重点句法教学提纲.docx
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中考英语语法整个初中三英语重点句法教学提纲
误]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago?
?
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份,如:
book作了of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。
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[误]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou?
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[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou?
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[析]不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。
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[误]Whathesaidareright?
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[正]Whathesaidisright?
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[析]从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。
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[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy?
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[误]Thericharenotalwayshappy?
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[析]形容词+定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如:
Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports?
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[误]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming?
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[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming?
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[析]本句应译为:
校长兼作家就要来了。
而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?
则要译为:
校长和一个作家要来了。
在英语表达法中确实有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?
这应译为:
一个女孩,一个男孩在操场上玩。
因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。
又如:
thehusbandandwife?
夫妻二人。
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[误]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus?
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[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus?
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[析]由or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。
这样的用法还有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人称作"就近原则"。
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[误]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom?
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[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom?
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[析]真正的主语是theteacher,而with短语是伴随状态,不影响主语的数。
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[误]Myglassesisbroken?
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[正]Myglassesarebroken?
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[误]Thispairofglassesaregood?
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[正]Thispairofglassesisgood?
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[误]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood?
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[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:
glasses眼镜,shorts短裤等。
如没有量词在前时,要用复数谓语动词,但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。
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[误]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch?
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[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch?
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[析]Oneof结构应以one来计算主语的数。
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[误]Halfoftheworkaredone?
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[正]Halfoftheworkisdone?
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[误]Halfofthebooksisread?
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[正]Halfofthebooksareread?
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[析]在小于1的数量词作主语时,如:
23,80%,0.35…+of+名词,这时主语的数应按of后面的名词计算。
如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词要用单数,如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。
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[误]Eachsidesarefulloftrees?
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[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees?
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[误]Bothsideisfulloftrees?
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[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees?
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[析]each,either其后都要加单数名词,而both后要加复数名词。
如:
each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主语时,谓语动词全部要用单数形式。
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[误]Theboyseachhasanapple?
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[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple?
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[析]each作同位语时,不影响句子的主语。
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[误]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert?
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[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert?
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[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主语时都不能加of结构。
[误]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball?
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[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball?
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[析]few虽然含意上是"几乎没有",但作主语时仍要当作复数。
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[误]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred?
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[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred?
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[析]thenumberof意为:
某某的数字是……如:
thenumberofstudents学生人数,thenumberofplayers运动员人数。
不论数字如何都应看作单数。
而anumberof与many意思相同,其后加可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:
Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass?
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[误]Therestofthestudentsishere?
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[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere?
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[误]Therestoftheworkaredone?
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[正]Therestoftheworkisdone?
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[析]therestof的用法与2/3,一半,80%+of的结构一致,of后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词,为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。
这样用法还有lotsof,alotof,plentyof。
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[误]Thenewsintoday'snewspaperarenotbad?
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[正]Thenewsintoday'snewspaperisnotbad?
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[析]有些以s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词,它们是:
news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[误]TheChineseiskindandfriendly?
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[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly?
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[析]Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词,但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。
如:
oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用复数谓语动词。
[误]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?
Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?
Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段时间,一笔金钱,一段距离,都应看作单数名词。
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[误]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch?
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[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch?
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[析]用who提问时,习惯上用单数谓语动词,但which则要视其情况而定,如:
whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?
又如:
whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[误]Whatahotweatheritis!
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[误]Howhottheweatheritis!
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[正]Whathotweatheritis!
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[正]Howhottheweatheris!
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[析]感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。
它由what与how作句子的开始,判定是用what还是用how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句,比如:
Whatthehotweatheritis!
应转换为:
Itisthehotweather?
那么句子的起点是单词it。
再来看感叹句中it前有不可数名词weather,则只能用what。
再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!
转为陈述句时为:
Theweatherishot?
这时句子的开始单词为theweather,再来看感叹句在theweather前只有形容词,所以应用how。
至于是用whata还是what要看名词的具体情况而定,单数可数名词加whata其余的加用what。
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[误]Wehavetosingthis,havewe?
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[误]Wehavetosingthis,haven'twe?
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[正]Wehavetosingthis,don'twe?
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[析]在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外,有一些例外:
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Let'sgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou?
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Shehadtoleave,didn'tshe?
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Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou?
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Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintoday'snewspaper,isthere?
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Neitherofthemareright,arethey?
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Ithinkhewillcometothepartywon'the?
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think后的宾语从句,与其他宾语从句不一样,在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。
这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语,其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定,如:
Idon'tthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe?
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[误]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive?
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[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives?
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[析]宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序,而不用疑问语序。
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[误]-Ihaven'tgotaticketforthefootballmatch?
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-NorIhave?
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[正]-Ihaven'tgotaticketforthefootballmatch?
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-Nor(Neither)haveI?
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[析]nor,neither用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。
在肯定句的简答句中则要用so,如:
Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary?
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[误]Look!
Herethebuscomes!
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[正]Look!
Herecomesthebus!
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[误]Look!
Herecomeshe!
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[正]Look!
Herehecomes?
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[析]在there,here打头的句子中,如果主语是名词,则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。
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[误]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus?
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No,Idon'thopeso?
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[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus?
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No,Ihopenot?
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[析]我不这样想,可用Idon'tthinkso?
但hope的否定简答句只能用Ihopenot?
这是习惯用法。
但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的,如:
Ithinkso.Ihopeso?
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[误]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell?
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[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell?
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[析]It这里的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的不定式。
形式主语和形式宾语都要用it而不能用that,如:
IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?
it在这句中是think的形式宾语。
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(三) 例题解析?
1?
There___apencil?
boxonthedesk.?
A.is B. are C.has D.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定,如:
Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?
但却可以讲Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk?
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2?
Couldyoutellme___?
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A?
MrsKingwherelivesB?
wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C?
whereMrsKinglivesD?
MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。
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3?
Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___?
?
A?
doesheB?
doesn'theC?
didheD?
didn'the?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑问句要用否定句,同时came为过去时态,所以应用didn'the?
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4?
It'sgettingcloudy,___?
?
A?
does'itB?
doesn'titC?
isitD?
isn'tit
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分's是has还是is,这里由getting得出's是is。
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5?
___keepmewaitingsolong.?
A?
NotB?
Won'tC?
Don'tD?
Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Don't+动词原形为祈始句的否定句。
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6?
MrGreenhasn'tbeentoBeijing,___?
?
A?
hasheB?
hasn'theC?
didheD?
didn'the
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。
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7?
Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___?
?
A?
haveyouB?
haven'tyouC?
doyouD?
don'tyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里的have是实意动词"吃",而不是助动词。
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8?
___sunnyday!
Let'sgooutforawalk.?
A?
HowaB?
HowC?
WhataD?
What
[答案]C.?
[析]这个感叹句是个省略句,其真实的句子应为Whatasunnydayitis!
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9?
-Canyoutellme___?
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-Sure?
She'sanurse?
?
A?
whereisyoursisterB?
whereyoursisteris?
C?
whatisyoursisterD?
whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who问的是姓名,如:
Whoishe?
HeisSmith?
或Heismyfather?
What问的是职业,如:
Whatishe?
Heisateacher?
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10?
Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___?
?
A?
doesheB?
doesn'theC?
doesn'tJohnD?
doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]当名词作主语时,反意疑问句应用代词。
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11?
NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A?
areB?
wereC?
amD?
is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作连接词作主语时,其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。
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12?
___deliciousfood!
I'dlikesomemore.?
A?
whataB?
HowaC?
WhatD?
How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food为不可数名词。
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13?
___thereacatunderthechair?
?
A?
AreB?
IsC?
HasD?
Have
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的疑问句。
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14?
Couldyoutellme___?
?
A?
whenthetrainwillarriveB?
whenthetrainarrived?
C?
whendidthetrainarriveD?
whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。
且宾语从句要用陈述语句。
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15?
-___badweather!
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-Yes,Butit'sgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink?
?
A?
HowB?
WhataC?
WhatanD?
What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather为不可数名词。
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16?
-Couldyoutellme___?
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-Yes,They___tothelibrary?
?
A?
wherearethetwins,havebeen
B?
wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C?
wherethetwinsare,havegone
D?
wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。
havegoneto是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。
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17?
Goand___theTVquickly?
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A?
turnoffB?
turndownC?
turnupD?
turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是个祈使句,它由and连接两个动词。
注意词组搭配的不同含义。
18?
Let'sgoforsometea,___?
?
A?
shallweB?
willweC?
doweD?
don'twe
[答案]A.?
[析]Let'sgo…,shallwe?
Letusgo…,willyou?
这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。
19?
Joan'sshort,___?
?
A?
wasn'tsheB?
hasn'tsheC?
isn'tsheD?
doesn'tshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中应视's为is,而不是has或was。
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20?
Idon'tknow___toreadtheword.?
A?
whichB?
whatC?
whoseD?
how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物动词,已有自己的宾语theword,所以应用疑问副词how。
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21?
Hedidn'tgotoschool,___hewasill.?
A?
forB?
butC?
andD?
so
[答案]A.?
[析]这里是表示因果的关系,从句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一个逗号。
so引起的是结果状语从句,如:
Hewas