Site for Former Whampoa Military Academy广州黄埔军校旧址中英文.docx

Site for Former Whampoa Military Academy广州黄埔军校旧址中英文.docx

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SiteforFormerWhampoaMilitaryAcademy广州黄埔军校旧址中英文

SiteforFormerWhampoaMilitaryAcademy

【OnthewaytotheAcademy】-【AttheMainEntrance】-【AttheAcademyGate】-【AttheOfficeofthePoliticalDepartment】-【President’sGeneralOffice】-【President’sReceptionChamber】-【FormerResidenceofSunYat-sen】-【MonumenttoSunYat-sen】-【ItsClub】-【ItsswimmingPool】-【Martyr’sCemeteryinMemoryofEasternExpedition】

【OnthewaytotheAcademy】

WhampoaMilitaryAcademyisthecradleofChinesemilitarystrategists,andaholylandofthenationalrevolution.ItisknownasoneofthefourprestigiousmilitaryacademiestogetherwiththewestpointintheUnitedStages,theroyalMilitaryAcademyinBritainandFrunzeMilitaryAcademyinformerRussia.

AfterXinhairevolutionin1911,ChinastoodthetestsucheventsastheFirstNationalRevolutionaryWar,thelandreform,WarofResistanceagainstJapanandtheWarofLiberation.GraduatesandstafffromWhampoaMilitaryAcademystarredduringthewarorpeacetimesinthedifferentways.

AmongthetengeneralsoftheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy,fiveofthemwereitsgraduates.TheyareYeJianying,NeiRongzhen,ChenYi,XuXiangqianandLinBiao.ItsstaffmembersincludeZhouEmlai,TaoZhu,LiuZhidanandZuoQuan.TheywereawardedtheirtitlesasthefirstgroupofgeneralsoftheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy.TheyhavemadegreatcontributiontothevictoryoftheWarofLiberation.ThegeneralsoftheNationalistArmyaregraduatesofWhampoaaswell.LiJishen,DuYuming,HuZongnan,DengYanda,SongXilianandChenCheng,tonameafew.

SomepeoplecommentedthatthewarsinthemoderntimeofChinawereactuallybattlesamongitsformerstaffandgraduates.Thisisasnapconclusionbuttosomedegreeitistrueifwelookatthenamelistsofthegeneralsofthetwoparties:

theCommunistPartyandtheNationalistParty.ManyhistoricaldocumentsandfactsshadowtheWhampoaMilitaryAcademywithamysteriousveil.Thismythattractspeoplefromallwalksoflifecometopayavisitortoconductrelatedresearch.

WiththeassistanceoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheformerSovietgovernment,SunYat-senfoundedanew-stylemilitaryandpoliticalacademy.“ToestablisharevolutionaryarmytosaveChinaformallrisks”wastheaimhebroughtforthatitsopeningceremonyonJune,16th,1926.ThisacademywasundertheleadershipofPremierSunYat-sen,PresidentChiangKai-shekandtheCommunistPartyrepresentativeLiaoZhongkai.ItransevenenrollmentsonendbeforeitwasrelocatedtoNanjingin1930andlatertoChengduandTaiwan.

【AttheMainEntrance】

InscribedontheplaqueatthetopofthemainentrancearesixChinesecharacters“陆军军官学校”（GeneralAcademyofArmy）,writtenbyTanYankai,thepatriarchoftheNationalistParty.Theacademywasrenamedforafewtimes,buttheyneverputthefourChinesecharacter“黄埔军校”ontheplaque.ItiscalledsojustbecauseitwaslocatedatWhampoa,inChangzhouIsland,Guangzhou.

NowwecomebacktothetopicwhySunYat-senwantedtofoundamilitaryacademy?

Hedevotedhimselftothenationalrevolutionformorethantwodecades,buthedidnothaveanarmyloyaltotherevolution.Thisledtothefailureinrevolutionfromtimetotime,heconcluded.Hefeltextremelysadin1922whenChenJiongminbetrayedhimandbombardedtheOfficeofthePresident.Afterdeeprefection,hewasdeterminedtoestablishageneralacademyofarmytocultivateleadinggeneralsandwell-trainedsoldiersinordertosucceedintherevolution.

MottosandcoupletswerepostedinsidetheAcademy.WecanfindthelastwordsofPremierSunYat-senhere:

“Theworkofrevolutionisnotyetdone,letallourcomradesstriveforitssuccess.”

Behindthemainentranceisthesiteoftheacademy.ItusedtobetheCantonArmyPrimarySchoolinthelateQingDynasty.AftertheAcademywasestablished,thepresident’soffice,departments’offices,classrooms,dormitoriesandthedininghallwereallhere.ButallthebuildingsonthecampusweredestroyedbyJapanesefighterplanesin1938.Itwasreallyapity.InMay,1998,Guangzhoumunicipalgovernmentdecidedtohavetheacademyrebuilt.Itsreconstructioncostmorethan20millionyuan.ItwascompletedonNovember12th,in1998whenitwasthe130thanniversaryofPremierSunYat-sen.

【AttheAcademyGate】

TheAcademycoversanareaof10,600squaremeters.Itstwo-storeyschoolboardbuildingsarebrick-timberframed.Threemainpassagesandfourrowsofhousingbuildingsareitslayout.

Thefourrowsofhousingbuildingshavethesamedesignandstandsymmetricallyoneithertheeastorthewestsideofaninvisiblenorth-southaxis.Surroundedbywalls,thesefourbuildingsleadontothemainpassages.Aswecansee,thebuildingsonthecampusarelinkedintoacompletewholebypassages.Wecanalsofeelitsquietnessandgrace.

Theplacewearenowstandingatwascalled“DahuaHall”.Itwasthemeetingplaceofitsstaffmembersandstudentswhentheacademywasjustsetupandtheydidnothaveauditorium.

【AttheOfficeofthePoliticalDepartment】

WearenowvisitingtheofficeofthePoliticalDepartment.PremierZhouEnlaiworkedasthethirddirectorofthisDepartmentwhentheyhadtheirfirstenrollment.MarshalNieRongzhenactedassecretaryforthisDepartment,andheworkedasadrillmasteraswell.

President’sChamberistheroomwherePresidentQiangKai-shekusedtoworkandrest.Thefurnishingsintheroomaredisplayedaccordingtotheiroriginalarrangementwhenhewashere.Onthewallsisnamelistoftheirfirstenrolledstudents,includingtheirname,birthplace,agesandcommentcolumn.Presidentisthepersonwhomakesthecommentinthecolumn.HeoncewroteaboutChenGenlikethis:

“Thisgraduatelooksweak,butheispoisedandhardworking.Heisqualifiedtoleadhismen.”Fromthecommentshemade,wecoldinferthatPresidentQiangKai-shekisacarefulobserverofthestudents’personality,abilityandstrongpoints.

【President’sGeneralOffice】

NowweareenteringPresident’sGeneralOffice.NationalistParty’srepresentative,LiaoZhongkai,workedhere.AstheParty’spatriarchandgreatcontributortotheXinhaiRevolution,hededicatedhimselftotheestablishmentoftheAcademybytakingconcurrentposts.Whentheschoolhadfinancialdifficulties,hesparednoefforttoraisefundstogetthrough.Heassuredhiscolleagues,“Pleasedon’tworryaboutourfinancialsituation,I’llberesponsibleforit.Youareshoulderedwiththeresponsibilitytotrainandnurtureourstudents.”Hisdevotednesswonhimthetitle“amotherlyaffectionateleaderofthepartyandthearmy.”

【President’sReceptionChamber】

ThecoupletinthePresident’sReceptionsays,“Climbthehillstoseetheseaafar,rideonthehorsetopacifyChina”.ItwaswrittenbythefamouscalligrapherandtheNationalistParty’sPatriarchYuYourenandwaspresentedtoPresidentChiangKai-shek.ThestructureofthecoupletinChineseissymmetrical.Itswordingisvigorous.ThiscoupletexpressestheambitionandfirmdeterminationofthestaffandstudentstoreunifyChina,withthisacademyastheirsolidbase.

【TheFormerResidenceofSunYat-sen】

Thetwo-storeybuildingcombinestheChineseandwesternarchitecturalstyles.ItwasusedasacustomshouseduringtheQingDynasty.In1952whenthisbuildingwasunderrepair,thewoodenstaircaseinthewestwasmadeindoors.Theexhibitswereorganizedintothethemesof“TheOldDaysofthisStoriedBuilding”and“AnecdotesofSun-Mei”.Wecanseesomepictures,andsomephysicalobjects.Fromtheexhibitshere,wecanknowmoreaboutthepastgloryoftheacademy,andthefriendshipbetweenSunYat-senandhisJapanesefriend,UmeyaShakichi.

【MonumenttoSunYat-sen】

Thismonumentwasbuiltin1928andcompletedin1930.Itcanbesaidthatitsshapeanddesignisdistinctive.Viewedfromafar,ahugeChinesecharacter“文”iseye-catching.“文”isthefocusofthewholething.Whyso?

Asyouknow,“文”isthenamegivenbyhisparentswhenhewasborn.

Thebaseofthemonumentsismassive.FourstrikingChinesecharacters“亲爱精诚”arewrittenthere,emphasizingthequalitiesof“loveandsincerity”.Thisfour-wordtextisthemottooftheMilitaryAcademy.Thisbaseconsistsoftwoparts,separatingbyapassage.Thelowerpartimpliesafigureofseven.ItsymbolizesthesevenenrollmentstheMilitaryAcademyhashadinWhampoa.Theupperpartimpliesafigureoffive.Itreferstothefivebattlesitsstaffandstudentswagedsuccessfully.

PleaselookupatthestatueofSunYat-sen.HewasconcentratinghimselfinlecturinghisThreePrinciplesofthePeople,wasn’the?

Thisbronzestatueis3.9metersinheightand1toninweight.ItwasdonatedbyhisJapanesefriend,UmeyaShakichi,whoentrustedthisworktoaJapanesesculptor（牧田祥哉）.AsUmeyawasinfinancialdifficultyatthattime,hehadfouridenticalstatuesmadeonly.TheotherthreewereplacedrespectivelyinSunYat-senUniversityinGuangzhou,SunYat-senMausoleuminNanjing,andSunYat-senMemorialinMacau.

Underthefootofthestatue,wecanseeChinesecharactersinscribedonthefoursidesofthemonument.Onitsfrontfacadeis“孙总理纪念碑”，thehandwritingsofafamouscalligrapher,calledHuHanming.ItsequivalentinEnglishis“DedicatedtoPremierSun”.Onitsbackarethewords,depictinghimamanasheis.Thesewordsareusedastheoathsofhiscomradeswhentheygoonwiththeworkheleftunfinished.Onitseasternsideare“和平、奋斗、救中国”（ForPeace,toStruggleandSaveChina）.OnitswesternsideistheexhortationofPremierSun.Thesewordshavebeenencouraging,incitingandadvisingearnestlyhiscomradesandlatergenerations.Hisexhortationwasadoptedasna