英语语言学试卷精粹10套题附答案.docx
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第一部分 选择题
I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.Decide
whichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthe
letterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)
1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,
itissaidtobe___.
A、prescriptive
B、sociolinguistic
C、descriptive
D、psycholinguistic
2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.
A、mouth
B、lips
C、tongue
D、vocalcords
3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.
A、boundmorpheme
B、boundform
C、inflectionalmorpheme
D、freemorpheme
4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthat
introducestheembeddedclause.
A、coordinator
B、particle
C、preposition
D、subordinator主从连词
5、"CanIborrowyourbike?
"___"Youhaveabike."
A、issynonymouswith
B、isinconsistentwith
C、entails
D、presupposes
6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.
A、semantics
B、pragmatics
C、sociolinguistics
D、psycholinguistics
7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization泛化.
A、elaboration
B、simplification精简
C、externalborrowing
D、internalborrowing
8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.
A、Linguafranca通用语
B、Creole
C、Pidgin
D、Standardlanguage标准语言
9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.
A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus角回
B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex
C、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons
D、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea
10、AccordingtoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.
A、learning
B、competence
C、performance
D、acquisition
第二部分 非选择题
II.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethe
lettergiven.(1%×10=10%)
11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk oftherulesofhislanguage.
12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb .
13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
14、As isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.
15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc synonyms.
16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto
something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.
17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc .
18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcand theformof"be".
19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.
20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,i isaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueor
false.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeach
statement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyou
thinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)
()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.
()22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth
ChineseandEnglish.
()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.This
indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings
ofitscomponents.
()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.
()25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects
suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithin
thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmerican
English.
()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated
andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversational
implicaturesarise.
()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspoken
todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.
()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeech
situationsknownasdomains.
()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,
speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.
()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirst
language.
IV.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesfor
illustration.(3%×10=30%)
31、duality
32、diachroniclinguistics
33、broadtranscription
34、morphologicalrules
35、phrasestructurerule
36、relationalopposites
37、componentialanalysis
38、context
39、euphemism
40、brainlateralization
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)
41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesin
Englishforillustration.
42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionof
asecondlanguage.
英语语言学试题
(2)
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分,共20分)
1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.( )
A.gradableopposites B.relationalopposites
C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms
2.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar .( )
A.JacobGrimm B.RasmusRask
C.FranzBopp D.SirWilliamJones
3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.( )
A.unusual B.somethingtobefeared
C.abnormal D.natural
4.__producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.( )
A.Broca'saphasic B.Thelinguisticdeprivation
C.Thedamageontheangulargyrus D.Wernicke'saphasic
5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:
.( )
A.Theycannotpronounce/n/
B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue
C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod
D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds
6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.( )
A.apolysemous B.asynonymous C.anabnormal D.amultiple
7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?
”is__.( )
A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.( )
A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure
9.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.( )
A.Linguisticgeography B.Lexicology
C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics
10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.( )
A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult
D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)
11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.
12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.
13.Utteranceisbasedon________ ________;itis therealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.
14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.
15.Consonantsoundscanbeeither v________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.
三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题,正确的在题后括号内写“T”,错的写“F”,并说明理由。
每小题2分,共20分)
16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.( )
17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.( )
18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.( )
19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.( )
20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.( )
21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.( )
22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。
( )
23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.( )
24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.( )
25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.( )
四、名词解释(每小题3分,共30分)
26.generallinguistics
27.suprasegmentalfeatures
28.rootandstem
29.hierarchicalstructure
30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview
31.maximsofqualityandmanner
32.blending
33.sociolect
34.subvocalspeech
35.contrastiveanalysis
五、论述题(每小题10分,共2