高考英语 实战演练专题阅读理解101105.docx

高考英语 实战演练专题阅读理解101105.docx

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高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解101105

2012届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（101-105）《附详析》

（第101篇）

HowRoomDesignsAffectOurWorkandFeelings

Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical（经验的，实证的）basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocused,andleadtorelaxation.

Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.In2007,JoanMeyers-LevyattheUniversityofMinnesota，reportedthattheheightofaroom’sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,whichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.

Inadditiontoceilingheight,theviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant’sabilitytoconcentrate.NancyWellsandhercolleaguesatCornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.

Usingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemstoaccordingtoastudyledbyC.KennethTanner,headoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgia.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.

Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhatdim（暗淡的）lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardMedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.

Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings.“Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe’re_almost_looking_at_the_problem_through_a_straw_（吸管），”architectDavidAllisonsays.“Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?

That’swhatwe’reallstrugglingwith.”

[语篇解读]　建筑师认为房子的设计可影响居住者的思想、情绪、行为，对此科学家进行了理论上的论证。

1.WhatdoesJoanMeyers-Levyfocusoninherresearch?

A.Light.B.Ceilings.

C.Windows.D.Furniture.

[解析]　事实细节题。

由第二段“...theheightofaroom’sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.”可知选B。

[答案]　B

2.Thepassagetellsusthat________.

A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople’sfeelings

B.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents’creativity

C.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgrades

D.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxed

[解析]　事实细节题。

B、C均属于与事实相反的选项；D项属于移花接木式的错误，由文章倒数第二段最后一句“furniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax”可知。

[答案]　A

3．Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.

A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystep

B.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselves

C.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetect

D.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatterns

[解析]　猜测词义题。

根据“Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies.”及“Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad，generalizeduseofhem？

”可知，对这个地区的研究不足以制定出大众化的模式。

[答案]　D

4.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?

CP:

CentralPoint　P:

Point　Sp:

Sub-point（次要点）

C:

Conclusion

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据文章结构先总述房子的设计影响人的创造性、专注性以及休闲性，再分述这三方面，并对第二方面加以分点阐述，最后得出结论：

经初步研究结论成立，但我们的研究远远不足，还将继续努力。

[答案]　C

（第102篇）

Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople.Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname.Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames：

Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdie-hard,_andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.

ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore（新加坡）arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegenerations.ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace.Thisisinkeepingwithtraditionsinmanycountries—inboththeWestandtheEast.

Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces.Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter.ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases.IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircusobviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel.

Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces.BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample.“BrasBasah”means“wetrice”inMalay（马来语）.Nowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoad“WetRiceRoad”？

Thereasonissimple.Duringthepioneeringdays,wetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad.

AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes.Thereis“CircularRoad”forone.Otherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapes，like“PayaLebarCrescent”.Thisroadiscalledacrescent（月牙）becauseitbeginsonthemainroad，makesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain.

[语篇解读]　本文议论世界上不同地区的人们以类似的方式为地点命名，如：

以先驱者的名字命名；以其他地点的名字命名；以活动的名称命名；以形状命名等。

1.WelearnfromParagraph1that________.

A.thegovernmentisusuallythefirsttonameaplace

B.manyplacestendtohavemorethanonename

C.aceremonywillbeheldwhenaplaceisnamed

D.peopleprefertheplacenamesgivenbythegovernment

[解析]　推理判断题。

从第一段第四句Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames：

Oneisnamed...推论可知。

[答案]　B

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Changesuddenly.

B.Changesignificantly.

C.Disappearmysteriously.

D.Disappearveryslowly.

[解析]　猜测词义题。

从diehard后句．..andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.的意思可判断diehard的词义应为：

消失得很慢。

[答案]　D

3.Whichofthefollowingplacesisnamedafteraperson?

A.RafflesPlace.B.SelectorAirbase.

C.PiccadillyCircus.D.PayaLebarCrescent.

[解析]　事实细节题。

根据第二段的第一句（特别是pioneers“先驱者”一词）和第二句的内容得知：

RafflesPlace应是指先驱者的名字。

[答案]　A

4.BrasBasahRoadisnamed________.

A.afterapersonB.afteraplace

C.afteranactivityD.byitsshape

[解析]　事实细节题。

根据第四段第一句和第二句内容很明确地判断：

BrasBasah是活动名称。

[答案]　C

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.SomeplacenamesinSingaporearethesameasinBritain.

B.SomeplacesinSingaporearenamedformilitarypurposes.

C.ThewaySingaporeansnametheirplacesisunique.

D.YoungSingaporeanshaveforgottenthepioneers.

[解析]　推理判断题。

从第三段最后一句可知。

PiccadillyCircus皮卡迪利广场（即伦敦戏院及娱乐中心）。

[答案]　A

（第103篇）

Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions—mistakenideas.

Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrism,thebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements（组成部分）ofculture：

language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.

Language

Aknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.First,peoplecancommunicatedirectly.Second,peopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationwithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguage.Third,anunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finally,knowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.

ValuesandAttitudes

Valuesarepeople’sbasicbeliefsaboutthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,goodandbad.Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.Valuesandattitudesinfluenceinternationalbusiness.Forexample，manypeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievethatchocolatefromSwitzerlandisbetterthanchocolatefromothercountries,andtheybuyalotofit.

CustomsandManners

Customsarecommonsocialpractices.Mannersarewaysofactingthatthesocietybelievesarepolite.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,itisthecustomtohavesalad（色拉）beforethemaincourseatdinner,notafter.It’snotacceptabletotalkwithfoodinmouthattable.Failuretounderstandthecustomsandmannersofothercountrieswillbringdifficultysellingtheirproducts.OrangejuiceasabreakfastdrinkofanAmericancompanyinFrancedoesn’tsellwellbecausetheFrenchdon’tusuallydrinkjuicewithbreakfast.

[语篇解读]　成功的国际商人之所以能取得成功，一个重要原因是他们能够理解不同的民族文化，并能够根据不同的文化而改变自己的行为。

针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”，文章就态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几方面提出了建议。

1．Aknowledgeofthelocallanguageallowsinternationalbusinesspeople________.

A.tobemoreopenwiththeircustomers

B.tocommunicatewithoutoutsidehelp

C.toexpresstheirthoughtsindirectly

D.tohaveabetterideaoftheirownculture

[解析]　事实细节题。

由第三段中的First，peoplecancommunicatedirectly.可知本题选B。

[答案]　B

2．TheactofmanypeoplebuyingchocolateofSwitzerlandshowstheroleof________.

A.manners　　　　　　　　B.values

C.attitudesD.customs

[解析]　推理判断题。

由ValuesandAttitudes这一部分Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.可知答案为C。

[答案]　C

3．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MisconceptionsinBusiness

B.BasicBeliefsinBusiness

C.InternationalBusinessCulture

D.SuccessfulInternationalBusiness

[解析]　主旨大意题。

第二段是文章的主题段，由本段可知本题选C。

[答案]　C

4．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistotellpeople________.

A.howtotakearightattitudeinbusiness