高考英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解科普环保真题汇编含答案

高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）真题汇编（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

   StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative（倡议）hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

   Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

   Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract（提炼）allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.

（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?

A. E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.

B. Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.

C. Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.

D. NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.

（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?

A. startingperiod                

B. collectioneffort                

C. finalstage                

D. hardsearch

（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?

A. Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.

B. Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.

C. Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.

D. Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.

（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?

A. Positive                        

B. Negative                        

C. Ambiguous                        

D. Indifferent

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。

inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?

   Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully（峡谷）inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.

   Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief."I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?

"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.

   However,othersthinkhumaninterference（干涉）isunnatural."Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,"saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.

   Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation."Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,"hetoldtheBBC.

   SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,"Ifit'severapredator（捕食者）situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."

   "There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,"WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.

（1）Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?

A.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.

B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.

C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.

D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.

（2）Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?

A.KathrynShaw.

B.WillLawson.

C.PaulNieklen.

D.DavidAttenborough.

（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword"gut-wrenching"underlinedinparagraph6?

A.Puttingoneinplace.

B.Makingoneconfused.

C.Puttingoneindanger.

D.Makingoneheartbroken.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ReasonsfortheNecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimals

B.SuggestionsonHowtoProtectAnimalsFromDanger

C.EffectsofHumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimals

D.OpinionsonWhethertoHelpAnimalsinTroubleorNot

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.”和第三段中的“Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?

"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."可知，此句句意为：

如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Makingoneheartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   Asingledose（剂量）ofanexperimentalvaccine（疫苗）canprotectmiceagainsttheZika（寨卡）virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.

   Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission（传播）ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.

   Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority（优先事项）.USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic（基因的）codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive（andthereforeharmless）copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.

   Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNAbasedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.

（1）Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly,     .

A. avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.

B. pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.

C. alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.

D. TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A. manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.

B. USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.

C. NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.

D. Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.

（3）Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?