届高考英语一轮复习 Unit4 Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1 新人教版必修.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解全方位训练1新人教版必修
2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes阅读理解1
第Ⅰ组
A
EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault（断层），whichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri?
BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812，threemajorearthquakesoccurred，allcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadrid，Missouri，ontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestroyed.Wholeforestsfellatonce，andhugecracksopenedintheground，releasingsomestrongsmellchemicals.
TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacter，developingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools（激流和漩涡）.Severaltimesitchangeditscourse，andonce，accordingtosomeobservers，itactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes，probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811；buttheseverityoftheearthquakeswasshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharleston，SouthCarolina，onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity，andclockswerestoppedinWashington，D.C.
ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontal（水平的）boundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthetwomassesmakeasuddenmove.
TheNewMadridfault，ontheotherhand，isaverticalfault；atsomepoint，possiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsago，rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface，probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly，thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed，leavinghugecracks.Evennow，therockcontinuestosettledownwards，andsuddensinkingmotionscauseearthquakesintheregion.Thefaultitself，alargecrackinthislayerofrock，withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit，extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.
ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811；thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming，butthescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.
1.Thispassageismainlyabout.
A.theNewMadridfaultB.theSanAndreas
C.thecausesoffaultsD.currentscientificknowledgeaboutfaults
2.WhichofthefollowingpicturesbestdescribesthetypeoftheNewMadridfault?
3.Thispassageimpliesthat.
A.horizontalfaultsaremoredangerousthanverticalfaults
B.verticalfaultsaremoredangerousthanhorizontalfaults
C.alotofpeoplewoulddieifthe1811NewMadridearthquakeshappenedtoday
D.thevolcanoesthatcausedtheNewMadridfaultarestillalive
【语篇解读】本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注NewMadrid地区频繁的地震。
1.A主旨大意题。
由本文第一段的最后一句话“ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri？
”可知。
2.B细节理解题。
由本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断TheSanAndreasfault是水平地震，而TheNewMadridfault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。
3.C推理判断题。
本文无A、B两项相关内容；根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly，thevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsed，leavinghugecracks.Evennow，therockcontinuestosettledownwards...”可以排除D项；根据第三段第三句“FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakes，probablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811...”可以推测答案为C。
B
ApowerfulearthquakestruckthenortheasterncoastofJapanat2：
46p.m.localtimeonMarch11th，2011.Japan’sMeteorologicalAgencyreleaseditsfirsttsunamiwarningsjustthreeminuteslater.Thecountryhasoneofthebestearthquakeearlywarningsystemsintheworld.
Thereareover4，000SeismicIntensityMeters（地震烈度测量仪）inplacethroughoutJapantomeasureearthquakeactivity.Thesemetersprovideinformationwithintwominutesofanearthquakehappening.Informationaboutthestrengthandthecenteroftheearthquakecanbelearnedwithinthreeminutes.TherearealsoconcreteseawallsaroundmuchoftheJapanesecoastline.Butthesemeasuresprovednomatchforthepowerfulearthquakeandtsunami.
CastasSynolakisisatsunamiexpertinLosAngeles.Hesays，“Japanisoneofthosemostwell-preparedcountriesonearthintermsoftsunamiwarning.Theyhadawarning.Ithinkwhatwentwrongisthattheyhadnotanticipatedthesizeofthisevent.”
Hesaystherearetworeasonsforthis.Japanhasnothadanyeventanywherenearasbigasthisoneinthelast150years.AndscientistshadnotexpectedsuchalargeearthquakehappeningoffthecoastofJapan.
The9.0-magnitudeearthquakewasthe4thmostpowerfulearthquakeeverrecordedworldwide.ItwasalsotheworstearthquakeevertohitJapan.Thetsunamiwavesthatfollowedwerereportedtohavereachedashighas13metersinsomeareas.
CostasSynolakissaysJapan’sconcreteseawallswerenotbuilttohandlesuchhighwaves.Atsunamiwavecantravelasfastas800kilometersperhour.Togettohighergroundpeoplewouldoftenhavetotravelformanykilometers.Thiscantakemoretimethanafasttravelingtsunamiwillpermit.ThisisespeciallytrueincaseslikeJapan，wherethecenteroftheearthquakestrucksoclosetothecoastline.Thetsunamiwavesfollowedalmostimmediately.
Expertssayearlywarningsystemswillcontinuetobelimitedbythesefactsuntilearthquakesandtsunamiscanbepredicted.
4.Fromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthat.
A.Japanisanislandcountry
B.thecenteroftheearthquakeislocatedinthenortheasterncoast
C.themetersinJapanhavedroppedbehind
D.manymeasureshavebeencarriedouttoreducetheconsequencesofearthquakesinJapan
5.Theunderlinedword“anticipated”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.
A.predictedB.measured
C.countedD.prevented
6.Theunderlinedwords“thesefacts”inthelastparagraphrefertothefollowingEXCEPT.
A.theconcreteseawallscan’tcontrolthewave
B.itistheworstearthquakehappeninginJapaninthehistory
C.thespeedofthetsunamiisfrighteningandquick
D.therearemanyearthquakesinJapan
7.Whichmaybethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Earthquakesandtsunamiscanbepredicted
B.A9.0-magnitudeearthquakehitJapan
C.Japan’sconcreteseawalls
D.AreportaboutJapan’searlywarningsystems
8.OnwhichcolumnofChinaDailycanyoufindthepassage?
A.Technology.B.Culturediscovery.
C.Travel.D.History.
【语篇解读】本文是科技文。
日本的地震预警系统位居世界前列，能在地震发生后的两分钟内提供信息。
三分钟内能够提供有关地震强度和震中的信息。
在海啸预警方面，日本是世界上准备工作做得最充分的国家之一，但他们没有预测出这次海啸的规模如此之大。
4.D推理判断题。
A项说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B项不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。
根据“Thesemetersprovideinformationwithintwominutesofanearthquakehappening.Informationaboutthestrengthandthecenteroftheearthquakecanbelearnedwithinthreeminutes.”判断，C项推理错误。
D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。
5.A猜测词义题。
根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。
6.D细节认定题。
根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。
7.D主旨大意题。
根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。
8.A推理判断题。
本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。
C
Themomhaddiedwhentherescuersfoundheraftertheterribleearthquake.Shewascoveredbyadestroyedhouse.Throughgaps（缝隙）ofthoseruins，therescuerscouldseeherlastposture（姿势）.Itwassomethinglikeanancientpersonwhowaskowtowing（叩头），butitjustlookedstrangebecauseshewasoutofshapebypressure.
Therescuersconfirmedherdeathbytouchingherthroughthegapsoftheruins.Theyshoutedattheruinsagainandagain，knockedthebricksusingvarioustools，butnoreplyinside.
Thentherescuingteamwenttothenextbuilding.Suddenlytheleaderranback，calling,“Comehere.”Hecametothebody，puthishandsunderthewoman，feelingandtouching，thenshoutedloudlyandgladly，“Thereissomeone，ababy，stillliving.”
Throughsomeefforts，rescuerscleaneduptheruinswhichblockedher.Underherbodylayherbaby，whowascoveredbyasmallredquilt（棉被）.Hewasabout3or4months’old.Sincewellprotectedbyhismother’sbody，hewassafe.Hewasinadeepsleepwhentherescuercarriedhimout，andhislovelyandpeacefulfacewarmedeveryonearoundhim.Thedoctor，alongwiththerescuingteam，tookthebabyoutofthequilttocheckifthebabywasallright，andhefoundtherewasamobilephoneinthequilt.Thedoctorlookedatthescreen；awrittenmessagewasalreadythere：
“Mydearbaby，ifyoucouldlive，don’tforgethowmuchIloveyou.”Asadoctor，heexperiencedmuchofthistypeofseparation；butatthismoment，hecried.Themobilephonewaspassed，andeverypersonwhosawthismessageshed（流出）tears.
9.Whentherescuersfoundthemom，she.
A.wasusinghermobilephonetoaskforhelp
B.beggedtherescuerstosaveherbabyfirst
C.wasstrugglingwiththepressure
D.didn’thavethenormalshape
10.Whenthebabywasrescued，he.
A.wassmilingalotB.wasfastasleep
C.waslisteningcarefullyD.wasfrightenedtodeath
11.Afterseeingthewordsonthemobilephone，peoplewas.
A.pleasedB.excitedC.movedD.tired
12.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.astoryofsavingamotherandherbaby
B.thedisasterofaterribleearthquake
C.therescuers’hardworkafteranearthquake
D.thegreatloveofamotherintheearthquake
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了地震中，一位母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。
这些都反映了母爱的伟大。
9.D细节理解题。
从第一段中的“justlookedstrangebecauseshewasoutofshapebypressure”可知，这位母亲已经被倒塌的房子压得变了形。
故答案选D项。
10.B细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Hewasinadeepsleep...”可知，这个婴儿在熟睡。
故答案选B项。
11.C推理判断题。
人们看到母亲为了救自己的孩子而牺牲自己，并在手机上留言“孩子，将来如果你还活着，不要忘了我是多么爱你”。
此情此景，人们无不为伟大的母爱而感动。
12.D主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍了一次地震中，母亲为了救自己的孩子，让自己的身躯承受倒塌的重量，从而为孩子形成了一个庇护所，同时还在手机上给孩子留言。
这些都反映了母爱的伟大。
故答案选D项。
D
WongFuk-wing，aHongKongvolunteer（志愿者）atanorphanage（孤儿院）inYushu，waskilledintheearthquakewhenhewastryingtosaveothersonApril14，2010.
Wongmanagedtorunsafelyoutofthebuildingwithsomechildrenwhenthefirstquakehappenedat7:
50a.m.onApril14，buthewentbackinsidetorescuethreeotherchildrenandthreeteachersinside
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