一句话简答英国部分.docx

一句话简答英国部分.docx

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一句话简答英国部分

英国部分

Chapter1

1.whatisthefullnameoftheUnitedKingdom?

ItistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

2.whatarethetwolargeislandsthatmakeuptheBritishIsles?

TheyareGreatBritainandIreland.

3.WhycanEnglishrepresentthewholecountry?

It’sbecauseEnglishisthelargest,mostpopulousandgenerallyspeakingtherichestsection.

3.whatarethefourpoliticaldivisionsoftheUnitedKingdom?

TheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.

4.whatisthecauseofthedeclineoftheUnitedKingdom?

ThetwoworldwasgreatlyweakenedBritainandtheBritainEmpiregraduallydisappeared.

5.whydoestheUnitedKingdomhaveamildclimate,eventhoughitliesfarthernorththanourHeilongjiangProvince?

BecauseBritain‘sclimateisinfluencebytheGulfStream.

6.HowmanymetropolitanareasdoesEnglishhave?

Englandhassevenmetropolitanareas.

7.whatisthebackboneofEngland?

Itisthepennies.

8.whatisthelargestlakeintheBritishIsles?

ItisLoughNeagh.內依湖-英国最大的淡水湖

9.FromwhatlanguagesisEnglishderived?

EnglishismainlyderivedfromtheAnglo-SaxonandNorman-Frenchlanguages.

10.Whatisaneisteddfod?

AneisteddfodisaWelshfestivalofpoetry,musicandotherarts.

11.WhathavetheScottishpeoplebeenfamousfor?

TheScottishpeoplehavebeenfamousfortheirclose-knit,colofulplaidkilts,andskillasfiercewarriors.

12.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?

BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.

13.WhywastheRomanimpactupontheBritonssurprisinglylimited?

TheRomanimpactontheBritonswassurprisinglylimitedbecause:

1）theRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass

2）andtheyneverintermarriedwiththenativeBritons.

14.WhendidtheAnglo-SaxonsbegintosettleinBritain?

TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritaininthe5thcentury.

15.WhendidEnglandbegintobeChristianized?

EnglandbegantobeChristianizedin597

15.WhatwastheresultoftheSynodofWhitbyinYorkshirein664?

TheresultoftheSynodofWhitbywasthattheRomanmissionariesgainedtheupperhandovertheCelticmissionaries.

16.WhatwasHarolddoingwhenhewasinformedoftheinvasionofNorthumbriabyTostigandHaroldHardrada?

HewasinthesouthpreparingtoresisttheexpectedattackfromNormandy.

17.WheredidHarolddefeatTostigandHardrada?

HarolddefeatedTostigandHaroldHardradaatStanfordBridge.

18.BywhomwasWilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey?

WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeybytheArchbishopofYork.

19.WhatdidWilliamdoafterhesuppressedtheSaxonrisingsinthenorth?

Hebuiltastringofdefensecastlestoensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.

20.WastheNormanConquestthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEngland?

Yes.TheNormanConquestwasthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEnglandbecauseEnglandhasneverbeeninvadedsince.

21.WhydidWilliamIgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?

WilliamIgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland’sproduce.

22.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEngland?

Alllandowners,bigandsmall,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.

23.WhydidWilliamIhavetheDomesdayBookcompiled?

WilliamIhadtheDomesdayBookcompiledbecausehewantedtohaveareliablerecordofallhisland,histenantsandtheirpossessionsandtodiscoverhowmuchhistenantscouldbeaskedtopaybywayoftaxes.

24.WhatwasWilliamI’spolicytowardsthechurch?

Hewantedtokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrol,butatthesametimetoupholditspower.

25.WhydidHenryIImakeThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury?

HethoughtthatThomasBecketwouldassisthimincarryingoutlegalreforms.

26.WhatbroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket,theArchbishopofCanterbury?

TheexceptionalprivilegesenjoyedbytheclergybroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket.

27.WhatarethetwoaspectsoftheNormanlegacythatcontributedtogreatdomesticunrestinEnglandinthe12thand13thcenturies?

OnewasEngland’spossessionofterritoryinFrance.

TheotherwasNormanadherencetoRomanCatholicism.

28.WhowastheFrenchnationalheroineduringtheHundredYear’sWarwhohelpedtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance?

JoanofArc.

29.Whendidthegovernmentestablishrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwages?

Thegovernmentestablishedrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwagesin1351.

30.HowmanypeasantinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops?

40,000peasantsinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardII’stroops.

31.Whatweretheemblems（象征）oftheHousesofYorkandLancaster?

TheemblemoftheHouseofYorkwasawhiteroseandtheemblemoftheHouseofLancasterwasaredrose.

32.WhatwastheimpactoftheWarsoftheRosesonfeudalisminEngland?

TheWarsoftheRosesdealtadeathblowtofeudalisminEngland.

33.HowdidElizabethItrytoavoidtroublingParliamenttoooftenforpounds?

ShetriedtoavoidtroublingParliamentbymakingstricteconomies（节约措施）atCourt（朝廷）.

34.WhatquestionsdidElizabethItreataspersonalandprivate?

1）Thesequestionswere

2）herreligion,

3）hermarriage,

4）herforeignpolicy,

5）thesuccessiontothethrone,

6）andherfinance.

35.HowdidElizabethImanagetomaintaininfriendlyrelationshipwithFrance?

ShemanagedtomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwithFrancethroughhermarriagealliances（联姻）whichwerenevermaterialized.

36.WhenwasMaryQueenofScotsexecuted?

MaryQueenofScotswasexecutedin1587.

37.WhatdidthedestructionoftheSpanishArmadashow?

ItshowedEngland’ssuperiority（超前的；优越的）asanavalpower.

38.Whatwasthelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlot?

Thelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlothasbeenanannualcelebrationofNovember5,whenabonfireislittoburnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.

39.WhatwasPuritanismnotedfor?

Itwasnotedforsimpledress,highmoralstandardsandveryegalitarian（平等主义）attitudes.

40.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?

AconstitutionalmonarchyisonewhosepowerislimitedbyParliament.

41.WhatdidtheWhigsstandforintheearly19thcentury?

Theystoodforareduction（减小）inCrownpatronage（任免权）,sympathytowardsNonconformists,andcarefortheinterestsofmerchantsandbankers.

42.Whydidchangesinfarmingmethodsaffectlivesofmillionsinthe18thcentury?

Changesinfarmingmethodsaffectedlivesofmillionsinthe18thcenturyEnglandbecausevillageandagriculturewerethebackbone（支柱）ofEnglandatthattime.

43.Whatdidthelandownerswanttodointhelate18thandearly19thcenturies?

Theywantedtoreplacethesmallfarmscultivatedonthe“open-field”（三田轮作）systembylarger,economicallymoreefficientfarmswithhedge-dividedfields.

44.WhywasKingGeorgeIIInicknamed“FarmerGeorge”?

KingGeorgeIIIwasnicknamed“FarmerGeorge”becausehewasveryenthusiasticaboutagriculturalchangesatWinsor.

45.WhatwerethetwoeventswhichmostalarmedtheBritishrulingclassesintheclosingdecadesofthe18thcentury?

Theywere1）theAmericanWarofIndependence

2）andtheFrenchRevolution.

46.WhendidtheBritishbegintotransportconvictstoAustralia?

TheBritishbegantotransportconvicts（罪犯）toAustraliain1788.

47.Whatwastheresultofthegeneralstrikeof1926?

Thestrikefailed.Theminerswereforcedtoreturntoworkwithlongerhoursandlowerwageseventhanbefore.Yet,outsidetheminingdistrict,thestrikeseemedtohaveimprovedrelationsbetweentheworkersandthemiddleclasses.

48.WhydidEdwardVIIIabdicatein1936afterareignof10months?

EdwardVIIIabdicatedbecausehewantedtomarryWallisSimpson,atwice-divorcedAmerican.

49.WhendidBritainfinallybecomeafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity（欧洲经济共同体--旨在从经济上对抗美国和日本等）?

BritainfinallybecameafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunityinJanuary,1973.

50.WhywasMrs.Thatcherremovedfromofficein1990?

ItwasbecauseofheroppositiontoEuropeanUnion（欧盟--支付联盟）andherimposition（强行征收）ofanextremelyunpopularflat-rate（统一征收）“polltax”（人头税）inplaceofpropertytaxestopayorlocalgovernmentservice.

51.WhataretheeconomicproblemsBritainisnowfacedwith?

Britainisnowfacedwithalowrateofindustrialgrowth,unemployment,andarisinginflationrate.

52.WhatpercentageofBritishworkersareemployedinserviceindustries?

Morethan70%ofBritishworkersareemployedinserviceindustries.

53.Whywereearlyfactorieslocatednearthecoalfields?

Becausecoalpoweredthesteamenginesthatmovedthemachinery.

54.InwhichBritishindustrydidtheIndustrialRevolutionbegin?

TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinBritain’stextileindustry.

55.WhereareoilandnaturalgasfoundinBritain?

OilandnaturalgasarefoundundertheNorthSea.

56.WhyisitthatBritainimportsmoreclothingthanitexports?

BecausemanycountrieswithlowerlaborcostscanproduceclothingmorecheaplythantheBritishcan.

57.WhichareainBritainiscalledthe“SiliconGlen”?

TheareabetweenGlasgowandEdinburghinScotlandiscalledthe“SiliconGlen”.

58.WhatisthecountyofKentinsoutheasternEnglandfamousfor?

Itisfamousforitsbeautifulblossomsofitsappleandcherryorchards（果园）inspringtime.

59.WhatareBritain’smostimportantimports?

Britishimportsincludechemicals,clothing,foods,machinery,metals,motorvehicles,