托福句子简化题80题Word格式.docx

托福句子简化题80题Word格式.docx

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2. 

Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.

○Eventhough 

Ambulocetus 

swambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.

○Thebackboneof 

Ambulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.

○Although 

hadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.

○Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromtheway 

swam.

3. 

Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.

○Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectlargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.

○Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.

○Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.

○Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.

4. 

Herefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandsoldprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine-aprojector-fromhiminsteadofseveral.

○Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.

○Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.

○Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.

○Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.

5. 

Forexample,peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustified-asduringwartime-arelikelytoactaggressively,whereaspeoplewhobelievethataparticularwaroractofaggressionisunjust,orwhothinkthataggressionisneverjustified,arelesslikelytobehaveaggressively.

○Peoplewhobelievethattheyarefightingajustwaractaggressivelywhilethosewhobelievethattheyarefightinganunjustwardonot

○Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedaremorelikelytoactaggressivelythanthosewhobelievedifferently.

○Peoplewhonormallydonotbelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedmayactaggressivelyduringwartime.

○Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifieddonotnecessarilyactaggressivelyduringwartime.

6. 

Apprenticeswereconsideredpartofthefamily,andmasterswereresponsiblenotonlyforteachingtheirapprenticesatradebutalsoforprovidingthemsomeeducationandforsupervisingtheirmoralbehavior.

○Mastersdemandedmoralbehaviorfromapprenticesbutoftentreatedthemirresponsibly.

○Theresponsibilitiesofthemastertotheapprenticewentbeyondtheteachingofatrade.

○Masterspreferredtomaintainthetradewithinthefamilybysupervisingandeducatingtheyoungerfamilymembers.

○Masterswhotrainedmembersoftheirownfamilyasapprenticesdemandedexcellencefromthem.

7. 

Onepotentialproblemisthatopeningthemouthtobreathedetractsfromthestreamliningofthesefishesandtendstoslowthemdown.

○Thesefishesoftenhaveaproblemopeningtheirmouthswhileswimming.

○Thestreamliningofthesefishespreventsthemfromslowingdown.

○Thestreamliningofthesefishestendstoslowdowntheirbreathing.

○Openingthemouthtobreathecanreducethespeedofthesefishes.

8.TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemisubsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandlanguishingeconomically.

○WhigswereabletoattractsupportonlyinthewealthiestpartsoftheeconomybecauseDemocratsdominatedinotherareas.

○WhigandDemocraticareasofinfluencewerenaturallysplitbetweenurbanandruralareas,respectively.

○ThesemisubsistencefarmingareasdominatedbyDemocratsbecameincreasinglyisolatedbytheWhigs'

controlofthemarketeconomy.

○TheDemocrats'

powerwasgreatestinpoorerareaswhiletheWhigswerestrongestinthoseareaswherethemarketwasalreadyfullyoperating.

9. 

TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.

○TheFore'

sfacialexpressionsindicatedtheirunwillingnesstopretendtobestorycharacters.

○TheForewereaskedtodisplayfamiliarfacialexpressionswhentheytoldtheirstories.

○TheForeexhibitedthesamerelationshipoffacialexpressionsandbasicemotionsthatisseeninWesternculturewhentheyactedoutstories.

○TheForewerefamiliarwiththefacialexpressionsandbasicemotionsofcharactersinstories.

10. 

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.

○Whentheyarerelativelyyoung,hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature.

○Althoughtheyseempermanent,hillsandmountainsexistforarelativelyshortperiodofgeologicaltime.

○Hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature,butonlyforashorttime.

○Hillsandmountainsresistthedestructiveforcesofnaturebetterthanothertypesoflandforms

11. 

Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyforsurfacetensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;

butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwillexistasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;

thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.

○Surfacetensionisnotstrongenoughtoretaindropsofwaterinrockswithlargeporesbutitstrongenoughtoholdontothinfilmsofwaterinrockswithsmallpores.

○Waterinrocksisheldinplacebylargeporesanddrainsawayfromsmallsizeporesthroughsurfacetension.

○Smallporesandlargeporesbothinteractwithsurfacetensiontodeterminewhetherarockwillholdwaterasheavydropsorasathinfilm.

○Iftheforceofsurfacetensionistooweaktoholdwaterinplaceasheavydrops,thewaterwillcontinuetobeheldfirmlyinplaceasathinfilmwhenlargeporesexist.

12. 

Forexample,someearlysocietiesceasedtoconsidercertainritesessentialtotheirwell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligioususefulness.

○Asociety’sritesweremorelikelytoberetainedintheoraltraditionifitsmythswereadmiredforartisticqualities.

○Theartisticqualityofamythwassometimesanessentialreasonforasocietytoabandonitfromtheoraltradition.

○Someearlysocietiesstoppedusingmythsintheirreligiouspracticeswhenritesceasedtobeseenasusefulforsocialwell-being.

○Mythssometimessurvivedinasociety’straditionbecauseoftheirartisticqualitiesevenaftertheywerenolongerdeemedreligiouslybeneficial.

13. 

Windvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycauseseriousstressfortrees,asismadeevidentbythedeformedshapesathighaltitudes.

○Becauseoftheirdeformedshapesathighaltitudes,treesarenotlikelytobeseriouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthosealtitudes.

○Asaltitudeincreases,thevelocityofwindsincrease,leadingtoaseriousdecreaseinthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.

○Thedeformedshapesoftreesathighaltitudesshowthatwindvelocity,whichincreasewithaltitude,cancauseserioushardshipfortrees.

○Increasedwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformstheshapesoftrees,andthismaycauseseriousstressfortrees.

14. 

Inorderforthestructuretoachievethesizeandstrengthnecessarytomeetitspurpose,architectureemploysmethodsofsupportthat,becausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws,havechangedlittlesincepeoplefirstdiscoveredthem—evenwhilebuildingmaterialshavechangeddramatically.

○Unchangingphysicallawshavelimitedthesizeandstrengthofbuildingsthatcanbemadewithmaterialsdiscoveredlongago.

○Buildingmaterialshavechangedinordertoincreasearchitecturalsizeandstrength,butphysicallawsofstructurehavenotchanged.

○Whenpeoplefirststartedtobuild,thestructuralmethodsusedtoprovidestrengthandsizewereinadequatebecausetheywerenotbasedonphysicallaws.

○Unlikebuildingmaterials,themethodsofsupportusedinarchitecturehavenotchangedovertimebecausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws.

15. 

EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,butunfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,rates