自考英语辅导习题及答案.docx

自考英语辅导习题及答案.docx

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自考英语辅导习题及答案

ABiologicalClock

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells__1__whentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells__2__whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.

Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal__3__theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfur__4__thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort__5__ofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.

Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration__6__twiceeachyear.Birds__7__fromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip,__8__theybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.

Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich__9__ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcher,MartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain__10__tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These__11__tellapersonwhento__12__,whentosleepandwhentoseekfood.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.

Dr.Moorheadisstudying__13__ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork.Forexample,mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours.__14__cantakemanydaysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorheadsaidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid__15__understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreaseafactory'sproduction.

1.A）scientistsB）humansC）plantsD）animals

2.A）insectsB）birdsC）fishD）snakes

3.A）effectB）affectC）effectedD）affected

4.A）becauseB）forthereasonthatC）becauseofD）since

5.A）monthsB）daysC）minutesD）weeks

6.A）flightB）flyC）movementD）transportation

7.A）preventedfromB）orderedbyC）helpedbyD）intrudedon

8.A）andB）butC）thereforeD）however

9.A）portionsB）partsC）sectionsDkinds

10.A）tryB）triesC）seemD）seems

11.A）thingsB）partsC）cellsD）actions

12.A）awakenB）wakeC）awakeD）wake-up

13.A）howB）whyC）whereD）what

14.A）WeB）ItC）TheyD）You

15.A）soB）withC）suchD）if

KEYS:

CABCBAABBDCAABC

RacialPrejudice

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountries___1___thewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby__2__firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobe__3__men,getupandcalmlyargue__4__violence---asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyou__5__despair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogress__6__.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeofthe__7__historyofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolencenever__8__aproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesuffering__9__nothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonder__10_hitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutions__11__arefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirown__12__becausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthings__13__lawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswere__14__,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemployment__15__all,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.

EXERCISE:

1.A）whereB）thatC）whichD）who

2.A）givingB）catchingC）settingD）letting

3.A）reasonableB）reasonablyC）reasonlessD）reason

4.A）forthesakeofB）forfearofC）incaseofD）infavorof

5.A）forB）withC）byD）up

6.A）atallB）afterallC）atlastD）intheend

7.A）recordB）recordingC）recordedD）records

8.A）keepsB）dealsC）answersD）solves

9.A）meantB）meanC）ismeaningD）aremeaning

10.A）whatB）thatC）/D）which

11.A）layB）laysC）lieD）lies

12.A）kindB）wayC）rightD）rule

13.A）likeB）soC）thatD）as

14.A）puttousegoodB0puttogooduseC0putgoodtouseD）goodputtouse

15.A）byB）atC）forD）with

KEY:

ACADBACDBACADBC

PublicandPrivateSchoolsintheUniteStates

ReligiousandprivateschoolsreceivelittleornosupportfrompublictaxesintheUniteStates,and,asaresult,areusuallysomewhatexpensiveto_1_.ThelargestgroupofreligiousschoolsinAmerica_2_bytheRomanCatholicChurch.Whilereligiousschoolstendtobe_3_expensivethanprivateschools,thereareusuallysomefees.

WhenthereisfreeeducationavailabletoallchildrenintheUniteStates,whydopeople_4_moneyonprivateschools?

Americansoffer_5_greatvarietyofreasonsfordoingso,includingthedesireofsomeparentsto_6_theirchildrentoschools_7_classestendtobesmaller,orwherereligiousinstructionisincludedaspartoftheeducationalprogram,orbecause,_8_theiropinion,thepublicschoolsintheirareaarenot_9_highenoughqualitytomeettheirneeds.PrivateschoolsintheUniteStates_10_widelyinsize,quality,andinthekindofprogramthatareofferedtomeet_11_ofcertainstudents.

Thedegree_12_Americanparentsareactiveintheirchildren'sschoolsisoften_13_topeopleofothercountries.Mostschoolshaveorganizations_14_ofbothparentsandteachers,usuallycalledP.T.AforParent-Teacher-Association.Theymeettogetherto_15_variousmattersconcerningtheschool.Parentsoftengivetheirtimetohelpwithclassroomorafterschoolactivities.

1.A）goB）attendC）takepartinD）enroll

2.A）wererunB）runC）isrunD）isrunning

3.A）lessB）moreC）ratherD）much

4.A）spendB）payC）costD）take

5.A）aB）theC）someD）/

6A）bringB）bringingC）sendD）sending

7.A）whichB）whatC）inthatD）where

8.A）toB）inC）onD）for

9.A）/B）inC）ofD）on

10.A）differB）variesC）extendD）differs

11.A）theneedsB）thesatisfactionC）needsD）need

12.A）onwhichB）towhichC）whichD）what

13.A）surpriseB）surprisedC）surprisingD）striking

14.A）consistingB）comprisingC）composingD）makingup

15.A）talktoB）commentC）discussD）exchange

key:

BCAAACDBCAABCAC

TheCentralProblemofEconomics

Thecentralproblemofeconomicsistosatisfythepeople'sandnation'swants.

Theproblemwearefacedwithisthatourresources,hereidentifiedasmoney,are__1__.Theonlywaywecanresolveourproblemistomakechoices.Afterlookingatourresources,wemustexamineourlistof__2__andidentifythethingsweneedimmediately,thosewecanpostpone,and__3__wecannotafford.Asindividuals,wefacethecentralprobleminvolvedineconomics-decidingjusthowtoallocateourlimitedourlimitedresourcestoprovide__4__withthegreatestsatisfactionofourwants.

Nationsfacethesameproblem.Asacountry'spopulation___5__,theneedformoregoodsandservicesgrowscorrespondingly.Resourcesnecessarytoproductionmayincrease,butthere__6__areenoughresourcestosatisfythetotaldesiresofanation.Whetherthebudgetmeetingistakingplaceinthefamilylivingroom,intheconferenceroomofthecorporation__7__ofdirectors,orinthechamberoftheHouseofRepresentativesinWashington,thebasicproblemstillexists.Weneedtofind__8__ofallocatinglimitedresourcesinordertosatisfyunlimitedwants.

Ashorttimeagoeconomistsdividedgoodsintotwocategories,freeandeconomic.Theformer,likeairandwater,werein__9__abundancethateconomistshadnoconcernforthem.Afterall,economicsisthe__10__ofscarcityandwhattodoaboutit.Todaymanyofthese"freegoods"are__11__veryexpensivetouse.Pollutionhasmadecleanairandwaterexpensiveforproducers'extracosts,and__12__taxpayerswhopayforthegovernment'sinvolvementincleaningtheenvironment.

Inthe1990s,almostallgoodsare__13__.Onlybyeffortandmoney__14__obtainedintheformpeoplewish.

Meetingneedsofpeopleandthedemandsfromresourceavailable__15__thebasicactivityofproduction.Intryingtomeetunlimitedwantsfromlimitedeconomicgoods,productionleadstonewproblemsineconomics.

EXERCISE:

1.A）limitedB）unlimitedC）scarcityD）abundant

2.A）wantB）problemC）wantsD）resources

3.A）thoseB）someC）othersD）many

4.A）themB）themselvesC）ourselvesD）ours

5.A）expandB）extendsC）growsD）increase

6.A）alwaysB）sometimesC）oftenD）never

7.A）managementB）functionC）boardD）group

8.A）peopleB）economistsC）wayD）methods

9.A）soB）greatC）suchD）suchan

10.A）formB）studyC）meansD）source

11.A）practicallyB）inpracticeC）inrealityD）practicably

12.A）theB）/C）forD）with

13.A）plentifulB）scarceC）abundantD）infullsupply

14.A）theycanbeB）cantheybeC）theymustbeD）musttheybe

15.A）areledtoB）leadsC）leadtoD）leadsto

KEY:

ACACCDCDCBCCBBD

TheGreatNewspaperWar

Upuntilabout100yearsago,newspapersintheUnitedStatesa