国际贸易理论与实务.docx
《国际贸易理论与实务.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《国际贸易理论与实务.docx(56页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
国际贸易理论与实务
ChapterIINTRODUCTION
•Reasonsforinternationaltrade
•Benefitofinternationaltrade
•Problemsininternationaltrade
Reasons
•Resourcereason(favorableclimaticconditionsandterrain,naturalresources,insufficientproduction,skilledworkers,capitalresources,favorablegeographiclocationandtransportcost)
•Economicreason(AbsoluteAdvantagebyAdamSmithinTheWealthofNations;ComparativeAdvantagebyDavidRichardinPrincipleofPoliticalEconomy)
•Politicalreason(dominatinggroup,party,nationalinterest)
Benefitofinternationaltrade
•Cheapgoods
•Greatervarietywhengoodscomefrommorecountries
•Widermarketwithincreasingnumberoftraderingpartners
•Growthofeconomy
Problemsininternationaltrade
•Culturalproblems(language,customsandmanners)
•Monetaryconversation
•Traderestrictions(tariff:
specificduty,Advaliumduty,mixedorcompoundduty,alternativeduty.non-tariffbarriers:
quota,importlicense,foreignexchangecontrol,statemonopolyofimportandexport,governmentprocurementpolicy,advanceddeposit,technicalstandard.packingandlabelingregulations,minimumprice)
•Surtax:
countervailingduty,anti-dumplingduty,variableduty
Definitionsofkeyterms
•Internationaltradeistheexchangeofvisiblegoodsandinvisibleservicesproducedinonecountryforthoseproducedinanothercountry.
•Cultureisasetoflearnedcorevalues,beliefs,standards,knowledge,morals,lawsandbehaviorssharedbyindividualsandsocietiesthatdetermineshowanindividualacts,feels,andviewsoneselfandothers.
TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese
comparativeadvantage,productivity,economiesofscales,Importsurtax,anti-dumplingduty,non-tradebarrier,labor-intensiveindustry,invisibleservice,monetaryconversion,labelingandtaggingregulation,PrincipleofPoliticalEconomy
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese
Accordingtothemethodsinwhichtariffsarecollected,therearefourtypesofduties.Specificdutyiscollectedperphysicalunit---accordingtoweight,volume,measurementandquantity,etc.Advaliumdutyiscollectedaccedingtovalueorprice,ie.atapercentageoftheprice.Mixedorcompounddutyiscollectedaccordingtoeitherspecificdutyoradvaloemduty,thentheother.Analternativedutyiscollectedwhicheverthehigherbetweenspecificdutyandadvaloemduty.
Internationaltradebusinessismainlyabouttheproceduresorstepsinvolvedincross-bordertransactions,termsandconditionsinvolvedinoverseasbusinesscontract
sandrelevantinternationalpracticesandlaws.
Internationaltradeprocedures(EXPORT)
•Preparationbeforebusiness
•Businessnegotiationandcontractsigning
•Performanceofthebusinesscontract
Preparationbeforebusiness
•Exportoperationrightandexportlicense
•Targetcountry(culturalbackground,economicsituation,politicalclimate,currentimportandexportstatistics,governmentpolicyoninternationaltrade,informationontradebarriersandrestrictions.)
•Businesspartner(businessreference,backgroundinformation,businessscope,annualbusinessvolume,majorcustomers,businessculture)(consultingfirm,tradefairsorshows,internationaltradeexposorexhibitions,CommercialCounselor’sOffice,ChamberofCommerce’s,TradeDirectory,banks,medias,businessconnections,MOFTECanditsProvincialcommittee)
•Negotiationteam(commercial,technical,financial,legalandadministrational)
BusinessnegotiationI
•Face-to-facetalkandcorrespondencetalksuchaslettersfaxE-mail,etc.)
•Negotiationtopics(quality,price,quantity,timeofdelivery,insurance,packing,commodityinspectionandclaim,payment,transportation,documents,arbitration,ForceMajeure,LateDeliveryandpenalty)
•Establishingbusinessrelationship
DearSirs,
YourfirmhasbeenrecommendedtousbyJohnMorris&Co.,withwhomwehavedonebusinessformanyyears.
WespecializeintheexportofChineseChemicalsandPharmaceuticals,whichhaveenjoyedgreatpopularityinworldmarket.Weencloseacopyofourcatalogueforyourreferenceandhopethatyouwouldcontactusifanyitemisinterestingtoyou.
Wehopeyouwillgiveusanearlyreply.
Yoursfaithfully
BusinessnegotiationII
*Inquiry\Enquiry
PleasequotethelowestpriceofCFRSingaporefor1,000boxesoflargesizeMaxamDentalCreamattheearliestdelivery.
DearSirs,
WearegladtonotefromyourletterofMarch9that,asanexporterofChineseCottonPieceGoods,youaredesirousofenteringintodirectbusinessrelationswithus.Thishappenstocoincidewithourdesire.
Atpresent,weareinterestedinPrintedShirtingandshallbepleasedtoreceivefromyoubyairmailcatalogue,samples,andallnecessaryinformationregardingthesegoodssoastoacquaintuswiththequantityandworkmanshipofyoursuppliers.MeanwhilepleasequoteusthelowestpriceCIFVancouver,inclusiveofourcommission,statingtheearliestdateofshipment.
Shouldyourpricebefoundcompetitiveanddeliverydateacceptable,weintendtoplacealargeorderwithyou.
Wetrustyouwillgiveusanearlyreply.
Yoursfaithfully
Performanceofthecontract
•Cargoreadiness
•AskingforopenL\C
•Exportcustomsclearance
•Shipping
•Insuranceifnecessary
•Documentandpayment
•Settleclaimifany
BusinessnegotiationII
•Offer
•Counter-offer,re-counter-offer(YOUREIGHTHOFFERREPLYREACHINUSFIFTEENTHMAXAMTOOTHPASTEARTNO101PACKEDINCARTONSOFSIXDOZENSEACHSTERLINGTHIRTYTWOPERGROSSCIFLONDONDECEMBERSHIPMENTIRREVOCABLESIGHTCREDIT
•Acceptance(YOURFOURTEENTHWEACCEPT\AGREE\CONFIRM)
•Contract(ThisistoacknowledgewiththanksyourorderNo123receivedonMarch2nd.Weexpecttoship__on___from___.Thanksfortheopportunitytobeofyourserviceforyou.
•
Procedures(import)
•Importlicenses
•Targetcountry
•Businesspartner
•Negotiationteam
•Establishingbusinessrelation
•Negotiationprocess
•OpeningL\C
•Bookingshippingspace
•Insurance
•Documentexaminationandpayment
•ImportCustomclearance
•Takingdeliveryandinspection
•Claimifnecessary
Exercises
1pleasebrieflydescribetheexportprocess.
2translatethefollowingintoChinese.
(1)我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务,希望与贵方建立贸易关系。
(2)兹报实盘以贵方五日内接受为准。
(3)若贵方愿意降低价格,比方说5%,我们愿向你方试定此货。
(4)由于大量承约,我们不能接收订单,但是一旦新货源到来,我们将随即去电与你方联系。
Chapter3Contract
•编号(No.):
_____________
• 签约地点(Signedat):
________
• 日期(Date):
_____________
• 卖方(Seller):
________________________
• 地址(Address):
_______________________
• 电话(Tel):
__________传真(Fax):
__________
• 电子邮箱(E-mail):
_____________________
• 买方(Buyer):
______________________
• 地址(Address):
______________________
• 电话(Tel):
:
_________传真(Fax):
_____________
• 电子邮箱(E-mail):
______________________
• 买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交:
• TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactionsaccordingtothetermsandconditionssetforthasbelow:
•1.货物名称、规格和质量(Name,SpecificationsandQualityofCommodity):
•2.数量(Quantity):
•3.单价及价格条款(UnitPriceandTermsofDelivery):
• 除非另有规定,“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(INCOTERMS2000)办理。
)
• ThetermsFOB,CFR,orCIFshallbesubjecttotheInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(INCOTERMS2000)providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)unlessotherwisestipulatedherein.)
•4.总价(TotalAmount):
•5.允许溢短装(MoreorLess):
___%.
•6.装运期限(TimeofShipment):
• 收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证___天内装运。
• Within_____daysafterreceiptofL/Callowingtransshipmentandpartialshipment.
•7.付款条件(TermsofPayment):
• 买方须于____前将保兑的、不可撤销的、可转让的、可分割的即期付款信用证开到卖方,该信用证的有效期延至装运期后_____天在中国到期,并必须注明允许分批装运和转船。
• ByConfirmed,Irrevocable,TransferableandDivisibleL/CtobeavailablebysightdrafttoreachtheSellerbefore______andtoremainvalidfornegotiationinChinauntil______aftertheTimeofShipment.TheL/Cmustspecifythattransshipmentandpartialshipmentsareallowed.
• 买方未在规定的时间内开出信用证,卖方有权发出通知取消本合同,或接受买方对本合同未执行的全部或部份,或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。
• TheBuyershallestablishaLetterofCreditbeforetheabove-stipulatedtime,failingwhich,theSellershallhavetherighttorescindthisContractuponthearrivalofthenoticeatBuyerortoacceptwholeorpartofthisContractnonfulfilledbytheBuyer,ortolodgeaclaimforthedirectlossessustained,ifany.
•8.包装(Packing):
•9.保险(Insurance):
• 按发票金额的___%投保_____险,由____负责投保。
• Covering_____Risksfor______110%ofInvoiceValuetobeeffectedbythe____________.
•10.品质/数量异议(Quality/Quantitydiscrepancy):
• 如买方提出索赔,凡属品质异议须于货到目的口岸之日起30天内提出,凡属数量异议须于货到目的口岸之日起15天内提出,对所装货物所提任何异议于保险公司、轮船公司、其他有关运输机构或邮递机构所负责者,卖方不负任何责任。
• Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerwithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatportofdestination,whileforquantitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbytheBuyerwithin15daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatportofdestination.ItisunderstoodthattheSellershallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheInsuranceCompany,ShippingCompany,otherTransportationOrganization/orPostOfficeareliable.
•11.由于发生人力不可抗拒的原因,致使本合约不能履行,部分或全部商品延误交货,卖方概不负责。
本合同所指的不可抗力系指不可干预、不能避免且不能克服的客观情况。
• TheSellershallnotbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelayindeliveryoftheentirelotoraportionofthegoodsunderthisSalesContractinconsequenceofanyForceMajeureincidentsthatmightoccur.ForceMajeureasreferredtointhiscontractmeansunforeseeable,unavoidableandinsurmountableobjectiveconditions.
•12.仲裁(Arbitration):
• 因凡本合同引起的或与本合同有关的任何争议,如果协商不能解决,应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会深圳分会。
按照申请仲裁时该会当时施行的仲裁规则进行仲裁。
仲裁裁决是终局的,对双方均有约束力。
• Anydisputearisingf