逻辑大全笔记Text A.docx
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逻辑大全笔记TextA
写在前面:
粉色是正确答案,黄色是我做得答案,如果题目中只有黄色,说明那个是正确答案。
1.Mr.Janeck:
Idon’tbelieveStevensonwillwintheelectionforgovernor.Fewvotersarewillingtoelectabusinessmanwithnopoliticalexperiencetosucharesponsiblepublicoffice.
Ms.Siuzdak:
You’rewrong.Theexperienceofrunningamajorcorporationisavaluablepreparationforthetaskofrunningastategovernment.
M.Siuzdak’sresponseshowsthatshehasinterpretedMr.Janeck’sremarktoimplywhichofthefollowing?
(A)Mr.JaneckconsidersStevensonunqualifiedfortheofficeofgovernor.
(B)Nocandidatewithoutpoliticalexperiencehaseverbeenelectedgovernorofastate.
(C)Mr.Janeckbelievesthatpoliticalleadershipandbusinessleadershiparecloselyanalogous.(这正是J先生所不同意的)
(D)Acareerspentinthepursuitofprofitcanbeanimpedimenttoone’sabilitytorunastategovernmentfairly.(这正是S女士支持的)(A)
(E)Votersgenerallyoverestimatethevalueofpoliticalexperiencewhenselectingacandidate.
思路:
1.A选项,J先生说S先生不能当选(unqualified)是因为他缺少政治经验。
所以S女士反驳他说,经营一家企业的经验是一个对政治经验很好的补充,所以S先生qualified
2.B选项,出现极端词NO,需要慎重考虑,关键是S女士并没有反驳B选项所说的情况。
3.E选项(争议选项)
2.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthepassagebelow?
Onetax-reformproposalthathasgainedincreasingsupportinrecentyearsistheflattax,whichwouldimposeauniformtaxrateonincomesateverylevel.Opponentsoftheflattaxsaythataprogressivetaxsystem,whichleviesahigherrateoftaxesonhigher-incometaxpayers,isfairer,placingthegreaterburdenonthosebetterabletobearit.However,thepresentcrazyquiltoftaxdeductions,exemptions,credits,andloopholesbenefitsprimarilythehigh-incometaxpayer,whoisconsequentlyabletoreducehisorhereffectivetaxrate,oftentoalevelbelowthatpaidbythelower-incometaxpayer.Therefore,______
(A)higher-incometaxpayersarelikelytolendtheirsupporttotheflat-taxproposalnowbeingconsideredbyCongress
(B)aflat-taxsystemthatallowednodeductionsorexemptionswouldsubstantiallyincreaseactualgovernmentrevenues
(段落中没有说flatsystemallowednodeductionsorexemptions,没有支持)
(C)thelower-incometaxpayermightwellbepenalizedbytheinstitutionofaflat-taxsysteminthiscountry
(文中也没有支持这句话,他只是说progressive对higher-income的人会受益)
(D)theprogressivenatureofourpresenttaxsystemismoreillusorythanreal
(文中说,反对者认为,progressivetaxisfairer,但其实不一定)(D)
(E)theflattaxwouldactuallybefairertothelower-incometaxpayerthananyprogressivetaxsystemcouldbe
(段落中只是说,progressivetax产生了对lower-incometaxpayer的不公平,但是没有说flattax就比anyprogressivetax公平,出现没有支持的极端词)
思路:
反对者的意思是累进税公平一点,因为让收入高的人承担更高的税。
而统一税的支持者就说,因为各种个样的deduction,exemption,credit等等,使得累进税高的人实际交的税率低于低收入的人。
而D就是后面这句话的改写。
Bywangsiwei
3.Aspartofourprogramtohalttheinfluxofillegalimmigrants,theadministrationisproposingthecreationofanationalidentitycard.ThecardwouldbeavailableonlytoU.S.citizensandtoregisteredaliens,andallpersonswouldberequiredtoproducethecardbeforetheycouldbegivenajob.Ofcourse,suchasystemholdsthepotential,howeverslight,fortheabuseofcivilliberties.Therefore,allpersonalinformationgatheredthroughthissystemwouldbeheldstrictlyconfidential,tobereleasedonlybyauthorizedpersonnelunderappropriatecircumstances.ThosewhoareincompliancewithU.S.lawswouldhavenothingtofearfromtheidentitycardsystem.
Inevaluatingtheaboveproposal,apersonconcernedaboutthemisuseofconfidentialinformationwouldbemostinterestedinhavingtheauthorclarifythemeaningofwhichofthefollowingphrases?
(A)“allpersons”(line5)
(B)“howeverslight”(line7)
(C)“civilliberties”(line8)
(D)“appropriatecircumstances”(line11)(D)
(E)“U.S.laws”(line2)
思路:
1.题干问句“apersonconcernedaboutthemisuseof…”,亮点动词misuse,负面感情色彩,关注类似负面动词,信息release会造成misuse,原文中讲到在appropriatecircumstances情况下release信息,所以“appropriatecircumstances”的应关注Byellie78
4.Atonetime,EuropeanandJapanesecompaniestriedtoimitatetheirAmericanrivals.Today,AmericanappliancemanufacturersimportEuropeanscientiststoleadtheirresearchstaffs;AmericanautomakersdesigncarsthatmimicthestylingofGerman,Italian,andFrenchimports;andAmericanelectronicsfirmsboastintheiradvertisingof“Japanese-style”devotiontoqualityandreliability.Intheworldofhightechnology,Americahaslostthebattleforinternationalprestige.
Eachofthefollowingstatements,iftrue,wouldhelptosupporttheclaimaboveEXCEPT:
(A)AnAmericancameracompanyclaimsinitspromotionalliteraturetoproducecameras“asfineasthebestSwissimports.”
(B)AnAmericanmakerofstereocomponentsdesignsitsproductstoresemblethoseofapopularJapanesefirm.
(C)AnAmericanmanufacturerofvideogamesusesabrandnamechosenbecauseitsoundslikeaJapaneseword.
(D)AnAmericanmakeroftelevisionsstudiesGerman-madetelevisionsinordertoadoptGermanmanufacturingtechniques.(E)
(E)AnAmericanmakeroffrozenfoodsadvertisesitsdinnersas“RealEuropean-styleentreespreparedbyfineFrenchandItalianchefs.”
题外话:
这题乃陷阱题==!
思路:
1.题干说欧洲和日本原先都喜欢模仿美国的产品。
现在分水轮流转了,然后举了一些例子。
最后结论说在高科技领域,美国已经失去了它原有的特别地位。
题目问哪个选项不支持这个结论。
E说的是食品方面的东西,和科技产品是不同的。
所以E为答案。
而C说的正是美国在电子产品方面造成一个日本商标的假象,这正是支持了题干结论。
Bydansy大NN!
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2.我觉得不仅仅是因为是food还是tech这个层面,而是本质上在于E中直接指明是出自非American之手,而无论题中还是其他选项只是说像其他国家的产品一样质优(我:
看题目和题干的红字部分)还有,以后EXCEPT题最好从E看起哦Byjtcoffeebean大NN!
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5.JohnsonisonfirmgroundwhenheassertsthattheearlyeditorsofDickinson’spoetryoftendistortedherintentions.YetJohnson’sown,morefaithful,textisstillguiltyofitsownformsofdistortion.TostandardizeDickinson’softenindecipherablehandwrittenpunctuationbytheuseofthedashistorenderpermanentacasualmodeofpoeticphrasingthatDickinsonsurelyneverexpectedtoseeinprint.ItimpliesthatDickinsonchosethedashashertypicalmarkofpunctuationwhen,infact,sheapparentlynevermadeanydefinitivechoiceatall.
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainpoint?
(A)AlthoughJohnsonisrightincriticizingDickinson’searlyeditorsfortheirdistortionofherwork,hisowntextisguiltyofequallyseriousdistortions.
(B)Johnson’suseofthedashinhistextofDickinson’spoetrymisleadsreadersaboutthepoet’sintentions.(红字部分明确的告知了答案)
(C)BecauseDickinsonneverexpectedherpoetrytobepublished,virtuallyanyattemptateditingitmustruncountertoherintentions.
(D)AlthoughJohnson’sattempttoproduceamorefaithfultextofDickinson’spoetryiswell-meaning,hisstudyofthemateriallackssufficientthoroughness.(B)
(E)Dickinson’seditors,includingJohnson,havefailedtodealadequatelywiththeproblemofdecipheringDickinson’shandwrittenmanuscripts.
这题的题干实在是费解的恐怖!
思路:
IMO,为了标准化standardizeD的诗歌,经常把不可辨认的标点符号用dash来替代(这种行为使一种casualmode成为了永恒)…itimpliesD…但是infact,nevermade…所以是distort了D的原意。
6.Alawrequiringcompaniestoofferemployeesunpaidtimeofftocarefortheirchildrenwillharmtheeconomiccompetitivenessofournation’sbusinesses.Companiesmustbefreetosettheirownemploymentpolicieswithoutmandatedparental-leaveregulations.
Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakentheconclusionoftheargumentabove?
(A)Aparental-leavelawwillservetostrengthenthefamilyasasocialinstitutioninthiscountry.
(B)Manybusinessesinthiscountryalreadyofferemployeessomeformofparentalleave.
(C)Someofthecountrieswiththemosteconomicallycompetitivebusinesseshavestrongparental-leaveregulations.
(D)Onlycompanieswithonehundredormoreemployeeswouldbesubjecttotheproposedparental-leavelaw.(C)
(E)Inmostpolls,amajorityofcitizenssaytheyfavorpassageofaparental-leavelaw.
思路:
原文说,companiesofferemployeestimeoftootakecareofchildrenwillharmtheeconomiccompetitiveness.(即,parental-leave会导致竞争力下降)
C选项,一些高竞争力的国家有很强的parental-leave法规(即,parental-leave不会导致竞争力下降=削弱原文)
7.IfA,thenB.
IfB,thenC.
IfC,thenD.
Ifallofthestatementsabovearetrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobetrue?
(A)IfD,thenA.逆命题,不一定成立
(B)IfnotB,thennotC.否命题,不一定成立
(C)IfnotD,thennotA.逆否命题,成立
(D)IfD,thenE.原文没有E(C)
(E)IfnotA,thennotD.否命题,不一定成立
思路:
原命题,A→B→C→D
8.DearApplicant:
Thankyouforyourapplication.Unfortunately,weareunabletoofferyouapositioninourlocalgovernmentofficeforthesummer.Asyouknow,fundingforsummerjobsislimited,anditisimpossibleforustoofferjobstoallthosewhowantthem.Consequently,weareforcedtorejectmanyhighlyqualifiedapplicants.
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheletter?
(A)Thenumberofapplicantsforsummerjobsinthegovernmentofficeexceededthenumberofsummerjobsavailable.
(B)Theapplicantwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredhighlyqualified.
(weareforcedtorejectmanyhighlyqualified…不是all。
)
(C)Verylittlefundingwasavailableforsummerjobsinthegovernmentoffice.
(Limited不等于verylittle)
(D)Theapplicationofthepersonwhoreceivedtheletterwasconsideredcarefullybeforebeingrejected.
(文中没有提及)(A)
(E)Mostofthosewhoappliedforsummerjobswereconsideredqualifiedfortheavailablepositions.
(无关)
9.Studiesoffatalautomobileaccidentsrevealthat,inthemajorityofcasesinwhichoneoccupantofanautomobileiskilledwhileanothersurvives,itisthepassenger,notthedriver,whoiskilled.Itisironicthattheinnocentpassengershouldsufferforthedriver’scarelessness,whilethedriveroftensuffersonlyminorinjuriesornoneatall.
Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionunderlyingthereasoninginthepassageabove?
(A)Inmostfatalautomobileaccidents,thedriverofacarinwhichanoccupantiskilledisatfault.
(文中认为是driver’