阅读大观第二册参考答案.docx
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阅读大观第二册参考答案
Unit1DevelopingLanguageSkills
FurtherReading.
2.UsingDictionaries
ExI
1.slang6.prefix
2.abbreviation7.suffix
3.geographicalname8.illustrativequotation
4.technicalword9.synonym
5.derivation10.antonym
1.Many“good”Definitions
Ⅰa）1b）6c）5d）3e）8f）2
Ⅱa）Goodgrief!
b）Ohgood!
c）Goodluck!
2.SQ3R
1.A2.A3.B4.C
5.B6.D7.D8.C
3.LearningForeignLanguages
1.A2.C3.C4.B5.A
Unit2SightseeingHomeandAbroad
FundamentalReading
1.Beijing
ExI
1.palace11.theImperialCity
2.temple12.theresidencesofleaders
3.Mongol13.theGateofHeavenlyPeace
4.emperor14.square
5.Manchu15.parade
6.thecentralcity16.fireworksdisplay
7.suburb17.commercialarea
8.farmland18.residentialarea
9.theemperor’shousehold19.theTempleofHeaven
10.theForbiddenCity20.tombsofMingemperors
ExIII
1.Attheendofthe12thandthebeginningofthe13thcenturies,GenghisKhan,thefirstemperoroftheYuanDynasty,establishedtheMongolEmpire,alsoknownasChina’sYuanDynasty.
2.ManchuguowasthepuppetregimeestablishedafterJapaneseinvasionofthethreeprovincesinnortheastChina.
3.ConstructionontheForbiddenCitystartedfrom1406A.D,andendedin1420A.D.（the18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone）.RestinthecenterofBeijing,thepalacecoversanareaof720,000squaremeters,extending961metersfromsouthtonorthand753metersfromeasttowest.Withmorethan9,000royalchambers,theForbiddenCityservedasthepalaceof24emperorsoveraperiodofmorethan500yearsfromtheMingtoQingDynasties.It’sthelargestandmostwell-preservedimperialpalaceandancientarchitectureinexistenceinChinaandtheworldaswell.
4.TheGateofHeavenlyPeace,formerlyknownastheChengtianGate,servedasthemaingatetotheimperialcity.Itsconstructionwascompletedinthe18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone.
5.Builtin1420A.D.,theTempleofHeavenwaswhereemperorsoftheMingandQingDynastiesofferedsacrificetotheHeavenandprayedforharvests.
1.ArrangingJourneys
1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B
2.Australia
1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D
3.TourismTipsforEveryPartofChina
1.A2.D3.D4.A5.A
4.TheAcropolisofAthens
1.A2.C3.C4.A5.D
Unit5FolkloreandFolkArt
FundamentalReading
1.FolkAre
ExI
1.民谣ballad
2.童话故事fairytale
3.传奇故事legend
4.神话故事myth
5.民间故事folktale
6.谚语/箴言proverb
7.童谣nurseryrhyme
8.谜语riddle
9.迷信superstition
10.灰姑娘Cinderella
ExII
1.Folkloreisanyofthecustomsandtraditionsthatdevelopfromanationoveralongperiodoftime.Itconsistsofcustoms,traditions,beliefsandsuchformsoforalliteratureasfairytales,folktales,riddles,proverbs,ballads,songsandsuperstitions.Italsoincludesartsandcrafts,traditionalgames,holidaycelebrationsandsoon.
2.Proverbsaresomesayingsfrequentlyusedinoureverydaylife.Althoughproverbsaresimilartoidioms,theyarepopularandeasytounderstandwiththecharacteristicsofthespokenlanguage,completedideasintheformofoneortwoshortsentences.
3.Chineseproverbsinvolvealargecontent.Theycanbedividedintovariouscategorieswithnumerousgoodexamples,ofwhichsomeconcernfarming,forexample,“ItistimetosowbeforeandaftertheFestivalofPureBrightness”,someothersconcernlogic,forexample,“Asyousow,sowillyoureap”,stillsomeothersconcernthegeneralknowledgeinourlife,forexample,“Walkaftereatingtoliveafitandlonglife”.Proverbs,likeidioms,asapartofthewholevocabularyofalanguage,canaddtofreshnessandvividnessoflanguage.
3.ChineseFolkArt
ExI
1.艺术创作artisticcreation
2.种桑plantmulberrytrees
3.养蚕toraisesilkworms
4.刺绣embroidery
5.染dye
6.壁画mural（painting）
7.陶器pottery
8.捏面人doughsculpture
9.剪纸papercut
10.黄土高原LoessPlateau
11.窑洞cavedwellings
12.长寿longevity
13.龙dragon
14.凤phoenix
15.向往美好生活yearnforabetterlife
16.结婚礼服weddingdress
17.洞房bridalchamber
18.代代相传tohanddownfromgenerationtogeneration
19.中国少数民族Chineseethnicminorities
20.未婚夫fiance
FurtherReading
2.MonkeyKingOnline
ExI
1.多媒体multimedia
2.光盘驱动器CD-ROM
3.西游记JourneytotheWest.
4.妖魔鬼怪demonsandmonsters
5.唐僧theTangPriestXuanzang
6.取经fetchingBuddhistscriptures
7.花果山theMountainofFlowersandFruit
8.水帘洞awaterfallinfrontofacliff
9.美猴王theHandsomeMonkeyKing
10.天兵天将troopsfromheaven/theheavenlygeneralsandsoldiers
11.翻筋斗somersault
12.大闹天宫makeHavocinHeaven
13.金箍棒goldencudgel
14.仙丹，长生不老药thepillsofimmortality
15.玉皇大帝theJadeEmperorintheHeaven
16.如来佛theBuddha
ExII
1.Thestoriesof“JourneytotheWest”arewidelyknownbyalmosteveryoneinChina.
2.“JourneytotheWest”isaChinesefull-lengthfantasynovelinMingDynasty.IttellsofthehistoricalfactoftheTangPriestXuanzang’smissiontoancientIndiaforfetchingBuddhistscripturesescortedbySunWukongandhisotherdisciples,bearingthecharacteristicsoffairytales.
3.MonkeyKingislovedbyeveryoneasaresourcefulandbraveherowhoscornsimperialpower,daretorebelandhavethesenseofhumor.
4.“JourneytotheWest”includesthreeparts.ThesubjectofpartoneistheoriginofMonkeyKingandhowhemadehavocintheheaven.ParttwocontinueswiththeoriginoftheTangPriestXuanzangandthereasonsforhisjourneytothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.PartthreenarrateshowMonkeyKingwasconvertedtoBuddhismtoescorttheTangPriesttothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.Aftertheyhadexperiencedeighty-oneadversitiesontheirway,subduingvariousdemonsandmonstersandstrugglingagainstsinisternaturalconditions,theysucceededingettingtheBuddhistscripturesatlastandreachedtheBuddhistspiritualstateofanimmortal.
3.What’sSoSpecialAboutDragon?
ExI
1.长寿longevity
2.子孙（后裔）descendants
3.图腾totem
4.祖先forefather/ancestor
5.吉祥物mascot
6.大禹YutheGreat
7.巫峡WuxiaGorge
8.洪涝flood
9.干旱drought
10.（供奉猪、羊）祭祀tooffersacrificesofpigsandgoats
11.龙王庙dragonkingtemple
ExIII
1.Thedragon,springingfromtheancientChinesetotem,isconsideredthesymbolofChinesenationality.ItissaidthattheYellowEmperorandEmperorYanweresonsofdragons,soChinesealwayssaytheyare“descendantsofdragons”or“descendantsoftheYellowEmperorandEmperorYan”.
2.Thedragondances,oneofthefolkdancesoftheChineseHannationality,havealonghistoryoftwothousandyears.Theygotthenamebecauseofthepatternsofdragonsthatthedancerscarryasprops.
3.DragondancesarethemostpopularfolkdancesintheChinesetraditionalfestivals.Chinesecommunitiesintheworldshowtheirculturaltraditionsoftheircommunitiesthroughdragondances.
1. ClothProducts
1.B2.C3.D4.A
2. AmericanFolkArt
1. F2.T3.T
4.F5.F6.T
3.DragoninDifferentCultures
1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B
4. Beowulf
1.Mostscholarsdatethepoemfromthe700’s,butsomedateitmuchclosertotheendoftheOldEnglishperiod.
2.InalloldEnglishpoetry,accent（theemphasiswithwhichasyllableispronounced）andalliteration（wordsthatbeginwiththesamesound）areused.
3.Beowulfisamightywarrior.
4.Theyadmiredthequalitiesofstrength,courage,loyalty,andgenerosity.
5.Beowulf,amedievalpoem,isthefirstgreatworkofEnglishLiterature.
Unit6WaysofLife
FundamentalReading
2.FoodGuidePyramid
ExI
1.乳制品dairyproducts
2.维生素vitamin
3.碳水化合物carbohydrate
4.营养nutrient
5.纤维素fiber
6.蛋白质protein
7.矿物质mineral
8.热量（卡）calorie
9.消化系统digestivesystem
10.家禽poultry
11.钙calcium
12.磷phosphorus
13.锌zinc
14.谷类食物cereal
15.脂肪fat
16.小吃，快餐snack
1.BeautyContests
1.C2.B3.A4.D
2.AutomobilesChangethePatternofLiving
1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A
3.DesignersStruttingNewIdeas
1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.D
4.GettinginShape
1.C2.C3.B4.B5.D
Unit7PerceivingPlanetEarth
FundamentalReading
2.TheEcosystem
ExI
1.生态系统ecologicalsystem
2.生物圈biosphere
1.食物链foodchain
2.资源resource
3.昆虫insect
4.物种species
5.微生物microbe
6.藻类algae
7.有机物organism
8.光合作用photosynthesis
9.菌类fungi
10.草食动物herbivore
3.ATheoryofEarth'sStructure
ExI
1.火山爆发volcaniceruption
2.岩浆magma
3.地壳thecrust
4.北冰洋theArcticOcean
5.断裂带crack/fault
6.板块漂移themovementoftheplates
7.次大陆subcontinent
8.喜马拉雅山脉theHimalayarange
9.阿尔卑斯山theAlps
10.安第斯山theAndes
3.ThebalanceofNature
1.大自然的平衡是一个精细而微妙的、抑制与反抑制的系统。
气候的改变，新生命体的演变，动植物扩展到新的地区都会使这一系统不停地发生变化。
2.谁曾料到扔掉一棵加拿大水蕴草会使英国一半的水运通道阻塞十年？
谁曾料到把仙人掌送给移民的孤独的妻子会使澳大利亚东部一片片仙人掌泛滥成灾？
谁会预言砍倒亚得里亚海岸或中非地区的森林会冲走裸露岩石上的土壤，使这些土地半沙漠化？
谁能料到交通手段的进步会改变历史，使昏睡病传播到东非，麻疹传播到大洋洲，疟疾传播到古老的希腊？
（译文）
自然界的平衡ThebalanceofNature
朱利安赫胥黎
自然界的平衡是一种十分精密复杂而又敏感脆弱的抑制与反抑制体系，它总是随着气候条件的变化，随着新的生物体的形成，和随着动植物蔓延入新的地区而持续不断地变化着。
可是，在过去，这些变化大部分是很缓慢的，而自从文明人出现以后，变化的速度便增大了很多倍。
用以测量它们的时间标度；已经从适用于自然演化过程的、以一万年或十万年为计量单位的时间标度，转变成人类所使用的、以几百年甚至几十年为计量单位的时间标度。
人类到处都在改变着自然界的平衡。
他帮助动植物进入新的地区，有时是有意的，有时是无意的。
他正在用新的植物种类，或者用房屋、工厂、炉渣堆或其它的文明产物覆盖大片的土地。
他使有些物种大批消亡，却造成有利条件使另外一些物种成倍地增加。
总之，人类在五千年内比大自然在五百万年内做了更多的事来改变地球的生态。
他所造成的许多变化已经产生了没有预料到的后果。
谁能料到，扔掉一株加拿大水草会使英国的一半水路阻塞十年之久？
谁又能料到，为那些移民们的寂寞的妻子提供一盆仙人掌会使澳大利亚东部的霸王树林蔓延成灾?
谁能预示，砍去亚德里亚海滨或中非某些地区的森林会使泥土流失，剩下光秃秃的岩石，使“良田变成半沙漠?
谁想得到，改进交通竞也会传播疾病——使昏睡症传入了东非，麻疹传入了大洋洲，古希腊的疟疾很可能也是别处传入的——从而改变了历史的发展。
这都是些令人瞩目的例子，规模较小的例子则到处可见。
我们为某些稀有鸟类设立了自然保护区，规定保障全部物种的绝对安全；其结果却可能是一些普通而又易生存的鸟类大量繁殖，逐出了我们直正感兴趣的珍贵品种。
我们看到，由于现代文明带来的某些小变化，使英国处处出现了成群结队的燕八哥。
我们提高了牛的生育能力，现在却发现它们耗竭了过去足以养活那些对生存条件不那么苛求的牲畜的牧场。
，我们得意地着手捕杀危害家畜的食肉动物，攫食家禽及野味的苍鹰，但发现这样做却使啃噬农民收益的老鼠和其它啮齿动物无限制地繁殖起来。
1.EarthDay
1.TheEarthSiteinInternet.
2.TogetattentionfortheEarthDayide
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