学年北京市门头沟区新桥路中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析Word文档格式.docx

学年北京市门头沟区新桥路中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析Word文档格式.docx

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50FearlessPioneersWhoChangedtheWorldWomeninScience:

50FearlessPioneersWhoChangedtheWorld”byRachelIgnotofsky

Itisasweetlyillustratedandeducationalbookthathighlightsthecontributionsof50womeninthefieldsoftechnology,science,engineeringandmathematics,frompresentdayallthewaybackto360AD.

“GoodNightStoriesforRebelGirlsGoodNightStoriesforRebelGirls”byElenaFavilli

Ittellsthestoriesoffemaleheroesfromyearsagoandpresentday.Withcolor1portraitsandbiographiesthatareshortandsweet,thisbookisapage-turnerforanyonewantingtolearnaboutinfluentialwomeninthepastandpresent.

“Becoming”byMichelleObama

Wewouldn’tbeabletowritethislistwithoutincludingMichelleObama’smemoir.“Becoming”hastheformerFLOTUSdiscussingherchildhood,family,motherhood,herownFLOTUSimpact,thepressuresofbeingpartofthefirstBlackfamilyintheWhiteHouseandbalancingherpubliclifenow.Andofcourseshewritesallaboutmeetingherhusbandandthemanyuniquechallengestheyfacedtoo.

1.WhatdidtheBennetsintendtodo?

A.Tomarrytheirdaughterstorichmen.

B.Tolessenpressureontheirdaughters.

C.Tohelptheirdaughtersmarryfortruelove.

D.Tomaketheirdaughtersfinanciallyindependent.

2.Whosebookwillattractateeninterestedinscience?

A.JaneAusten’s.B.RachelIgnotofsky’s.

C.ElenaFavilli’s.D.MichelleObama’s.

3.Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallclassics.B.Theyareallbiographies.

C.Theyareallrelatedtothefemale.D.Theyareallaboutheroes.

B

PreventingheartdiseaseisatopicIthinkaboutallthetime,givenmyfamilyhistoryofheartdisease.Solastsummer,ItravelledtoBolivia.Thenatives,calledtheTsimane,werereportedtohavethehealthiestheartsintheworld.Iwantedtolearnwhattheycouldteachmeaboutpreventingheartdisease.

GettingtotheTsimanewasn'

teasy.Theylivedinsmallfamilygroupsofabout60peoplealongriverbanks.Wefinallyfoundoneofthevillagesatsunset.Thatnight,wesetupourtentsinthemiddleofthevillage.Thatchedhutssurroundedus,withnoelectricityormodemconveniences.

Atfirst,Ithoughttheymainlygottheircaloricsfrommeat.However,Ifoundfoodsuchasriceandcommadeupnearly70%oftheirdiet.Thefoodwasnotprocessed,lackingaddedsugarsorsalts.

Duringmystaythere,Iwenthuntingandfishingwiththemenandplayedsoccerwiththekids.IfoundtheTsimanewerestandingorwalkingnearlyalloftheirwakinghours.Menspentlotsoftimetrackinganimals.Fanningandgathering,mostlydonebychildrenandwomen,wereall-dayaffairs.

Ialsogotaclearideaofhowtheyrested.Assoonasthesunwentdown,peoplereturnedtotheirhutsandwenttosleep.Andwiththecallofthecockinthemorning,anotherdaybegan.

ThelifespanoftheTsimaneisactuallymuchshorterthanthoselivingintheUS.Variousfactors,likeanimalattacksandinfections,bringdownthelifespan.Butupuntilthedaytheydie,theyareoftenveryhealthy.WhileheartdiseasekillsthousandsofAmericanseveryyearandcostsnearlyabilliondollarsaday,theTsimaneremindusthatwealthdoesn'

tnecessarilybuyhealth.

4.Whydoestheauthorpaysomuchattentiontopreventingheartdisease?

A.Hedreamsofbecomingadoctor.

B.Hewantstoteachothersaboutthetopic.

C.Hisfamilymembersencouragehimtodoso.

D.Hewasbornwithahighriskofheartdisease.

5.Whichfactorsdidtheauthormainlyfocusoninhisresearch?

A.Housing,foodandcooperation.B.Diet,activityandrest.

C.Physicalwork,sociallifeandlifespan.D.Groupsize,familyhistoryandconsumption

6.WhatwastheTsimane'

ssleep-wakecyclemainlybasedon?

A.Naturalsound.B.Routineactivity.

C.Animalbehaviour.D.Naturallight.

7.WhatmighttheauthoradviseustodoafterhistravelsinBolivia?

A.Takeinlesssugarandsalt.B.Standlessandwalkmore.

C.Eatwhitemeatinsteadofredmeat.D.Liveinthemiddleofthecommunity.

C

AteamofresearchersfromseveralinstitutionsintheUKandoneinEstoniahascreatedatypeofbuoy（浮标）thathasproventobeeffectiveatfrighteningseabirds,thuspreventingthemfromgettingcaughtingillnets—atypeofverticalfishingnetthatismadeofamaterialthatmakesitnearlyinvisibleunderwater.

Everyyear,hundredsofthousandsofseabirdsdiewhentheygetcaughtingillnets.Someestimatessuggestthatuptoahalf-millionbirdsarecaughtinthemeachyear.Overtheyears,researchershavecreateddevices（装置）topreventthebirdsfromtryingtocatchfishnearoringillnets,butthosedidn'

tworkwell.

Tofindawaythatwouldworkforallseabirds,theresearchersfirststudiedseabirdsinageneralsense,lookingtofindthingsthattheywouldavoid.Theynotedthatseabirdsavoidedeyecontactwithothercreatures.Thentheresearcherscameupwithasimpleidea—theyputasmallpoletoaregularbuoyandthenattachedapairofgooglyeyes（金鱼眼）tothetopofit.Theymadetheeyesbigenoughsothatevenbirdswithpooreyesight,suchasgeese,wouldseethem.Addingtotheeffectivenessofthedevice,wavesmadetheeyesmovebackandforth.Andthewindmadethebuoyspinveryslowly,makingsurethatbirdsfromeverydirectionwouldgetagoodlookattheeyes.

Totesttheiridea,theresearchersselectedseveralsitesneargillnetsandcountedhowmanybirdsapproachedandhowmanyattemptedtocatchfishnearthenets.Theythensetuptheirgoogly-eyedbuoysandonceagaincountedbirds.Overthecourseof62days,theyfoundthenumberofbirdsthattriedtocatchfishnearthegillnetsdroppedbyapproximately25%foradistanceofupto50meters.Theyalsofoundthatthebirdswerelesslikelytofishnearwherethebuoyshadbeenforuptothreeweeksaftertheyhadbeenremoved.

8.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?

A.Introducinganewtopictodiscuss.B.Providingbackgroundinformation.

C.Summarizingthepreviousparagraph.D.Pointingoutthemainideaofthetext.

9.Whydidtheresearchersmakethegooglyeyesbig?

A.Toensurealltheseabirdscanseethem.B.Toclearlyobserveseabirds'

eyecontact.

C.Toallowthemtosurvivethestrongwind.D.Toeffectivelyidentifytherightdirection.

10.Whatdoestheresearchers'

testresultmainlysuggest?

A.ThenewdevicestillneedsimprovingB.Gillnetsareadeathvalleyforseabirds.

C.Seabirdshardlycatchfishnearthenets.D.Thegoogly-eyedbuoyproveseffective.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Agroupofresearchersinterestedinseabirds.B.Awaytohelpseabirdscatchfisheffectively.

C.Adevicekeepingseabirdssafefromgillnets.D.Agoogly-eyedbuoyguidingseabirdstohunt.

D

A10-year-oldswimmerwithsky-highdreamsandanametomatchthemhasbrokenarecordpreviouslyheldbyOlympianMichaelPhelps.

ClarkKentApuada,whosefriendscallhim“Superman"

swamthe100-meterbutterflyin1:

09.38attheFarWesternLongCourseChampionshipsinhishomestateofCaliforniathisSunday.That'

sasecondfasterthantherecordPhelpssetatthesameeventin1995withatimeof1:

10.48inthesamecategoryofboysunder10.

Clark,arisingfifth-graderwhoisFilipino-American,toldHuffPosthe'

sbeendreamingaboutbreakingPhelps'

recordeversincehestartedswimmingcompetitivelyatage7."

Iwassomotivated,"

Clarksaidabouthiswin."

IwassohappythatIwasabletobeatthatrecord.”

PhelpscompetedinhisfirstOlympicsatage15.HewentontobecomethemostdecoratedOlympianinhistory,with28medalsoverall.“Everyoneinthecrowdwasexcitedwhentheyrealizedwhataspecialswimtheyhadjustseenwhenweannouncedthelong-standingrecordhadbeenbroken,"

CindyRowland,PacificSwimming'

sdirector,wroteinanemail.

Clarkwonfirstplaceforalltheswimmingeventshecompetedinatthisyear'

sFarWesternChampionships.PacificSwimmingorPacSwim,aregionalassociationthatispartofUSASwimming,organizestheFarWesternLongCourseChampionships.CynthiaApuada,Clark'

smother,saidthatherchildseemstobe“livingbyhisnameatthispoint”。

Askedaboutthechampionswimmer'

sunusualname,shesaidshe'

dalwayslovedthenameClark.Andherhusband'

sfavoritesuperherojusthappenedtobeSuperman.Sowhentheirchildwasborn,theydecidedtogivehimthename“ClarkKent"

.Thenickname“Superman"

appearednaturally.

12.WhatcanbelearnedaboutClarkKentApuada?

A.Heisingradefournow.

B.Hedreamsbigandispromising.

C.HeisanativeAmerican.

D.HebrokePhelps'

recordatage7.

13.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“decorated”inParagraph4?

A.Beingpopular.

B.Beingrespected.

C.Beingtalkedaboutmost.

D.Beingawardedmedals.

14.HowdidClarkgethisnickname?

A.Hisfriendscalledhimthename.

B.Helivedbyhisnameatthatpoint.

C.Hisfathernamedhimafterhissuperhero.

D.Hismotherlovedthename.

1