考研英语真题英语一真题完整版答案.docx

考研英语真题英语一真题完整版答案.docx

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考研英语真题英语一真题完整版答案

考研英语真题英语一真

题完整版答案

SANY标准化小组#QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#

2015英语一真题

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext・Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET・（10points）

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasurelated"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes・Thatis_（l）_astudy,publishedfromthe

UniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNational

AcademyofSciences,has_

（2）_・

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysis

conducted_（3）_1,932uniquesubjects

which_（4）_pairsofunrelatedfriends

andunrelatedstrangers・Thesame

peoplewereusedinboth_（5）_・

While1%mayseem_（6）_,it

isnotso

toageneticist・AsJamesFowler,

professorofmedicalgenetics

atUCSan

Diego,says,“Hostpeopledonoteven

_（7）_theirfourthcousinsbut

somehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_（8）_ourkin.”

Thestudy_（9）_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedin

friendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsusto

similarenvironmentsbutthereismore_（ll）_it・Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_（12）_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_（13）_MfunctionalKinship"ofbeingfriendswith_（14）_!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevo1ution_（15）_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_（16）_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_（17）_factor・

Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople*s_（18）_tobefriendthoseof

similar_（19）^backgrounds,saytheresearchers・ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_（20）_thatall

subjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

1.

[A]when[BJwhy

[C]how[Djwhat

2.

[A]defended[B]

concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

3.

[A]for[B]with

[C]on[D]by

4.

[A]

compared-B]

sought[C]separated[D]connected

5.[A]tests[B]s[C]samples_D]examples

6・[A]insignificant-B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible

7.[A]visit[B]miss[C：

seekknow

8・[A]resemble_B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass

9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus

10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]LikewiseLD1Perhaps

11.[A]about[B]to[Cjfrom[Djlike

12.[A]driveBobserve[C]confuse1D]limit

13.[A]accordingto-B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D.alongwith

14.[A]chances_B]responses[Cimissions[D]benefits

15.[A]laterslower[C]faster[D]earlier

16.[A]forecast.B]remember[C]understand[D]express

17・[A]unpredictable.Bjcontributory[C]controllabledisruptive

18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency

19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic

20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts・AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD・MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET・（40points）

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon'tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep・”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown・So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdaysDoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy・Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politicsand"embody"aspiritofnationalunity・

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularitypolarized・Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）・ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure・

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside・Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities・AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates・

Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways・Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）・Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage・

WhileEurope'smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample・

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy*sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle・ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld・Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnonpoliticalheadsofstate・CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchyTsworstenemies・

21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport

■B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

lC]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

.D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

LA]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

-B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

lC]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto

.D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4

[A]Aristocrats*excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

■B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

lC]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

.D]Thenobility*sadherencetotheirprivileges

24.TheBritishroyalsuhavemosttofear"becauseCharles

[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

-B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

lC]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

■D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

■B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

.D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldataTheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest・Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies・

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia*sadvice・Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants・

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia"slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect?

spurse・Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant・Butexploringone*ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome・Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee*sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence・Thedevelopmentof"cloudcomputing・"meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier・

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia*sargumentwhole・New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution*sprotections・OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th：

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

LA]searchforsuspects*mobilephoneswithoutawarrant・

-B]checksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized・

lC]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents・

■D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones・

27.Theauthor*sattitudetowardCalifornia"sargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance・

■B]indifference・

lC]disapprova1・

-D]cautiousness・

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparable

[A]gettingintoone'sresidence・

■B]handingone*shistoricalrecords・

LC]scanningone*scorrespondences・

■D]goingthroughone*swallet・

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

LA]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed・

-B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

lC]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation・

-D]citizens'privacyisnoteffectiveprotected・

Kerr*scomparisonisquotedtoindic