考研英语一真题及参考答案英语一真题.docx

考研英语一真题及参考答案英语一真题.docx

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考研英语一真题及参考答案英语一真题

2021考研英语一真题及参考答案_2021年英语一真题

20__考研英语一真题及参考答案SectionIUseofEnglish　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingte_t.

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

（10points）

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?

Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!

“1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.

Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniae_aminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants＇susceptibilitytodevelopingthemoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytoe8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.

11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat＇susually14withstress,“notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.

Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.“　　Somee_perts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofo_ytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone“18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.

O_ytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.

Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout　　【答案】[B]Besides　　2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior　　【答案】[A]connected　　3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host　　【答案】[D]host　　4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep　　【答案】[C]avoid　　5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting　　【答案】[B]involving　　6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on　　【答案】[D]on　　7.[A]devoted[B]e_posed[C]lost[D]attracted　　【答案】[B]e_posed　　8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out　　【答案】[C]down　　9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined　　【答案】[A]calculated　　10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]e_plained　　【答案】[D]e_plained　　11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus　　【答案】[A]Even　　12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors　　【答案】[B]symptoms　　13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased　　【答案】[D]increased　　14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]pared　　【答案】[B]associated　　15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record　　【答案】[C]generate　　16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof　　【答案】[A]inthefaceof　　17.[A]transfer[B]mit[C]attribute[D]return　　【答案】[C]attribute　　18.[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until　　【答案】[A]because　　19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases　　【答案】[C]remains　　20.[A]e_periences[B]bines[C]justifies[D]influences　　【答案】[D]influencesTe_t1　　Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesareremendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.

airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.

ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.

Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.

Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans＇economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.

Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,binedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago＇sO＇HareInternational.

Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbee—butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.

Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.

Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.

PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.

Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletousee_peditedscreeninglanes.

ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.

TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.

Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck＇sfatalflaw.

Upingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.

ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.

Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.

ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto　　[A]e_plainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.

airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.

Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

　　[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentune_pectedsecretchecks.

23.

Theword“e_pedited”（Liner4,Para.

5）isclosetinmeaningto　　[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

24.

OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis　　[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthete_t?

　　[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety　　[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution　　[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines　　[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes　　答案：

21-25ACDDCTe_t2　　“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii＇slastreigningmonarch,in1897.

StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.

Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.

ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity＇sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT＇splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.

ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld＇smostpowerfultelescopes.

RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea＇speakrisesabovethebulkofourpla＇sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.

AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.

Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.

TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea＇sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands＇inhabitants.

Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.

ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii＇sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoe_ploretheheavens.

CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,whereweefromandwherewearegoing.

Perhapsthatiswhywee_plorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomymunityismakingpromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.

TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.

TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.

ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbeweledonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.

QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates　　[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.

27.

MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto　　[A]itsgeographicalfea