考研必备考研英语真题及解析文档格式.docx

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smells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmells

whenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergency

signals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

.[A]although

.[A]above

[B]as

[C]but

[D]while

[B]unlike

[B]committed

[B]ignoring

[B]though

[B]ifonly

[C]excluding

[C]dedicated

[C]missing

[C]instead

[C]onlyif

[D]besides

[D]confined

[D]tracking

[D]therefore

[D]asif

.[A]limited

.[A]catching

.[A]anyway

.[A]evenif

.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering

[C]determining[D]detecting

.[A]diluted

.[A]when

[B]dissolved

[B]since

[C]dispersed

[C]for

[D]diffused

[D]whereas

[D]typical

0.[A]unusual

1.[A]signs

[B]particular

[B]stimuli

[B]atall

[C]unique

[C]messages

[C]atlarge

[C]drawn

[D]impulses

[D]attimes

[D]exposed

[D]insufficient

[D]create

2.[A]atfirst

3.[A]subjected

[B]left

4.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient

5.[A]introduce

6.[A]still

[B]summon

[B]also

[C]trigger

[C]otherwise

[D]nevertheless

7.[A]sure

[B]sick

[C]aware

[C]neglect

[D]tired

[D]notice

8.[A]tolerate

9.[A]available

0.[A]similarto

[B]repel

[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable

[B]suchas

[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeen

givenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviouris

regardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthis

finelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityin

Atlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyare

good-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehuman

counterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchers

spenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenough

toexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebut

adjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviour

becamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkey

washandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceof

cucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereither

tossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,

themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduce

resentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,they

areaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitis

notbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusinga

lesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,

whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthe

commonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.

[

A]posingacontrast

B]justifyinganassumption

C]makingacomparison

D]explainingaphenomenon

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,Paragraphl）impliesthat________.

A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.

[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions

[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.

A]prefergrapestocucumbers

B]canbetaughttoexchangethings

C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

Text2

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsisted

thatwedidn’tknowforsure?

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?

Thattheantismoking

lobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?

LotsofAmericans

boughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowing

threatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhite

House,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.

Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,

BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:

“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.But

sciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworld

baseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesof

presentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingis

incomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:

by

thetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudent

peoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’s

advisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformore

research—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanic

research.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congress

shouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWest

Virginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthe

countryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingto

protecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

6.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.

A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

7.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas________.

A]aprotector

B]ajudge

C]acritic

D]