自考英美文学选读00604Word文件下载.docx

自考英美文学选读00604Word文件下载.docx

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DrFaustusTamburlaine

3）WilliamShakespeare:

HenryIV;

TheMerchantofVenice;

Hamlet;

Othello;

KingLear;

Macbeth;

RomeoandJuliet.

4）JohnDonne:

TheSongsandSonnets;

TheSunRising;

Death,BeNotProud

5）JohnMilton:

ParadiseLost;

ParadiseRegained;

SamsonAgonisttes

2.文艺复兴

TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchformthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

3.人文主义

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.

4.玄学诗

Theterm“metaphysicalpoetry”iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.WitharebelliousspiritthemetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.

5.莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向

Shakespeare,asahumanistofthetime,isagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.Inhisplays,hedoesnothesitatetodescribethecrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofthecivilwars,buthedidnotgoallthewayagainstthefeudalrule.Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecutionandracialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequalityandthecorruptinginfluenceofgoldandmoney.

ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.

A.Shakespeare’sviewsonliterature:

ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.Heholdsthatliteratureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality.Shakespearealsostatesthatliteraryworkswhichhavetrulyreflectednatureandrealitycanreachimmortality.

B.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’scharacters:

Shakespeare’smajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones;

theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.Eachcharacterhashisorherownpersonalities;

meanwhile,theymaysharefeatureswithothers.

C.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’splot:

Shakespeare’splaysarewell-knownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Shakespeareseldominventshisownplots;

instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks,orfromancientGreekandRomansources.

D.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’slanguage:

Itisnecessarytostudythesubtlestofhisinstruments—thelanguage.Shakespearecanwriteskillfullyindifferentpoeticform,likethesonnet,theblankverse,andtherhymedcouplet.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabularyandidiom.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.

3.莎士比亚的四大悲剧：

Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesare:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholeaction.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Withtheconcentrationonthetragichero,weseethesharpconflictsbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety,whichshowsthatShakespeareisagreatrealistinthetruesense.Hamletthemelancholicscholar;

Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;

theoldKingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispower;

andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.

4.邓恩诗歌的主题、意向

<

TheSongsandSonnets>

.Loveisthebasictheme.Donneholdsthatthenatureofloveistheunionofsoulandbody.Theperfectionofhumanloverswillnotbemadewithsoulsalone.Thisthoughtisquitecontrarytothemedievalloveideawhichmerelyputstressonspirituallove.Donne’sinterestliesindramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove.

5.戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析

Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,andtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay.ThemostimportantplayamongthecomediesisTheMerchantofVenice.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,outgoingromanceanddarkforcesofnegativityandhate.ThetraditionalthemeofthisplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.

Comparedwiththeidealismofotherplays,TheMerchantofVenicetakesastepforwardinitsrealisticpresentationofhumannatureandhumanconflict.Thoughthereisaridiculoustouchonthepartofthecharactersrestrainedbytheirlimitations,Shakespeare’syouthfulRenaissancespiritofjollitycanbefullyseenincontrasttothemedievalemphasisonfuturelifeinthenextworld.

6.哈姆雷特的性格分析

Hamlethasnoneofthesingle-mindedbloodlustoftheearlierrevenger.Itisnotbecauseheisincapableofaction,butbecausethecastofhismindissospeculative,soquestioning,andsocontemplativethataction,whenitfinallycomes,seemsalmostlikedefeat,diminishingratherthanaddingtothestatureofthehere.Trappedinanightmareworldofspying,testingandplotting,andapparentlybearingtheintolerableburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather’sdeath,Hamletisobligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneofconstantrole-playing,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger.

TheheroHamletinShakespeare’splayHamletisnotedforhishesitationtotakehisrevenge,hismelancholynatureofactiononlytodenypossibilitiestodoanything.Hecametoknowthathisfatherwasmurderedbyhisunclewhobecameking.Hehatedhimsodeeplythathewantedtokillhim.Buthelovedhiswidowedmotherwholatermarriedhisuncle,andhewasafraidtohurthismother.Andalso,wheneverythingwasreadyforhimtokillhisuncle,heforgavehimforhisunclewasprayingtoGodforhiscrime.Thushelostthegoodchance.Hamletrepresentedhumanismofhistime.

7.诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析

WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,MiltonwroteParadiseLost,intendingtoexposethewaysofSatanandto“justifythewaysofGodtomen.”AtthecenteroftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualdutyliesMilton’sfundamentalconcernwithfreedomandchoice;

thefreedomtosubmittoGod’sprohibitiononeatingtheappleandthechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.

Eve,seducedbySatan’srhetoricandherownconfusedambition-aswellasthemerepromptingofhunger-fallsintosinthroughinnocentcredulity.AdamfallsbyconsciouslychoosinghumanloveratherthanobeyingGod.InthefallofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfullhumanity.Butman’sfallisthesequeltoanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefalloftheangels.

ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofMilton’screed.HispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionabletruthofBiblicalrevelationmeansthatanall-knowingGodwasjustinallowingAdamandEvetobetemptedand,oftheirfreewill,tochoosesinanditsinevitablepunishment.And,thereby,itopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChristwhichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutofevil.

Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod

1.新古典时期的作家及其作品

1）JohnBunyan：

ThePilgrim'

sProgress>

2）AlexanderPope：

AnEssayonCriticism>

<

TheDunciad>

TheRapeoftheLock>

AnEssayonMan>

3）DanielDefoe：

RobinsonCrusoe>

4）JonathanSwift：

ATaleofaTub>

TheBattleoftheBooks>

TheDrapier'

sLetters>

Gulliver'

sTravels>

AModestProposal>

5）HenryFielding：

TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat>

TheHistoryofTomJonesaFoundling>

TheHistoryofAmelia>

6）SamuelJohnson：

TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield>

7）RichardBrinsleySheridan：

TheSchoolforScandal>

8）ThomasGray：

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard>

2.启蒙运动

TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracyandthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Theyseekproportion,unity,harmonyandgraceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight,instructandcorre