新概念第三册核心语法整理.docx

新概念第三册核心语法整理.docx

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新概念第三册核心语法整理

单元二：

倒装句

（1）否定词在前的情况

完全倒装：

谓语

部分倒装：

助动词（系动词+情态动词）

1.nosoonerhadhearrivedthantheyaskedhimtoleaveagain.

2.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

3.NotuntilhecomesbackwillIgotosleep（notuntil主句部分倒装，从句不倒装）

4.Notuntil1895didCornellUniversitybegintoofferadegreeinornithology.

5.Notuntillinoleumwasinventedin1860didanyhousehavehard-wearing,easy-to-cleanflooring.

6.Atnotimeshouldwedivorceourselvesfromthemassesofthepeople.（部分倒装）

7.Notasinglepaperdidhewritelastterm.

8.Norforamomentcanthemanimaginethathewoulddieabroad.

倒装句

（2）让步状语从句

形容词/副词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语

1.muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant.（副词）

2.oldasIam,Icanstillfight.（形容词）

3.childthoughheis,hecandosomecooking.（名词）

动词（原型）+as/though+主语+助动词/情态动词

1.tryasImight,Icouldnotliftthestone.

2.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodothewordsatisfactorily.

特殊：

as引导的原因状语从句也可以用倒装：

tiredasshewas,Idecidednottodisturbher.

长句：

3.greatsuccessthoughyouhaveachieved,youmustnotbeconceited.

4.Rundryastheseeweretoandcrumbleastherockswereto,Iwouldnotbreakmypromise.

5.Onlyforoneyearasshehasbeenhere,shebecomequiteanexpertinthisfield.

倒装句（3）方位副词前置

there,here,now,then和up,down,in,out等副词在句首，要完全倒装

1.thereappearedonthehorizonamanonhorseback,ridinginmydirection.

Nowcomesyourluck.Outrushedthelittleboy.

主语是代词的时候不用倒装

2.herehecomes.

3.Outherushed.

倒装句（4）补充

地点介词短语：

1.behindhimhangthemap.

2.Inthisboxisfoundthebook.

分词短语：

1.lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutfifteen.

2.Discussedintheconferencewasaproposaltoreformincometaxes.

表语（形容词，过去分词，介词短语）：

1.inviciblearetheforcesofthepl

2.gonearethedayswhenwerestudents.

3.Amongthegoodsareapples,oranges,bananas····

同位语从句

why：

myoriginalquestionwhyhedoithasnotbeenanswered.

Whether:

hewasagaintorturedbythedoubtwhetherhecouldmeetMaryatthestation.

单元三：

独立主格结构：

表示时间，原因，条件，方式和伴随情况

自己主语+无动词分句

现在分词：

weatherpermitting,Iwillstarttomorrow.

过去分词：

hishomeworkdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.

无动词独立结构：

themealover,webegantoworkagain.

不定式独立结构：

thedetailstobeworkedoutlater,theplanwasapproved.

With引导的独立主格结构

定语：

thewomanwithababyonherbackismysister

原因状语：

withhishomeworkfinished,hefeltveryhappy.

伴随状语：

withhisfacecoveredtears,heranintotheroom.Withtearsstreamingdownhercheeks,shesatthere.

1.sandisformedbytheweatheringanddecompositionofalltypesofrock,itsmostabundantmineralconstitutionbeingquarts.

2.Thejobfinished,wewenthomestraightaway.

3.Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.

4.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,weleft.

5.Iwouldnotdaretogohomewithoutthejobfinished.

过去分词作宾语补足语（-ed）

See，hear，feel，find，think·······

1.Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.

2.Theyfoundabeautifully-cookedwalletandnotesturnedtoash.

单元四：

原因状语从句：

because,sine,as,nowthat,for

nowthat=seeingthat=inthat=consideringthat

thismachinediffersfromtheotheroneinthatitismorepowerful.

双重否定

neverfailto:

catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings

notwithout:

hedoesn’thaveanymealwithoutmeats

nonot:

thereisnothingthathecan’tdo.

单元五：

sothat别忘了还有表示结果的意思：

weallarrivedat8:

00sothatthemeetingbeganpromptly.

So···that···倒装：

主句部分倒装，that从句不倒装

1.Sogreatisourpassionfordoingthingsforourselves,thatwearebecomingincreasinglylessdependentonspecializedlabour.

2.Soquicklydidtheworkmenfinishtheirworkthattheyweregivenabonus.

3.SoinferiorwasthequalityoftheradiothatItookitbackandaskedforabetterone.

4.Tosuchadegreewashehurtthathewouldneverforgiveyou.

Such+a+形容词+单数名词=so+形容词+a+单数名词

1.Hewasinsuchabedraggledconditionthatanassistantrefusedtoservehim.

2.Hewasinsobedraggledaconditionthat····

3.Itwassohotadaythatwewentswimming.

4.ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketoothebeach.（weather为不可数名词，只能用such）

特殊：

当强调的名词前有many,few,litter时，还是用so

1.hetooksomanycaseswithhimthathehadtocallataxi

2.heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldbarelysupporthisfamily.

让步状语从句：

thoughalthough（不能用but，但可以用yet强调转折）

thoughsheisnotpretty,yetsheisverylovely.

单元六：

现在分词作状语

同时发生：

flyingoverthechannel,thepilotsawameteorite.

动作发生在主句之前：

havingnoteddownournames,thepolicemandismissedus.

条件状语：

youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,keepingonyourfeet.

结果：

heappliedmorewatertotheflower,onlymakingthingsworse.（结果置于句末，多和only连用）

单元七：

wouldrather···than····接动词原型：

plwouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.

Itistime/Wouldrather+从句：

虚拟语气，宁愿让某人干某事。

用一般过去时表示现在或者将来。

1.Iwouldratherhepaintedbuleandwithoutanydecorations.（未来）

2.Iwouldratheryoucametothepartytomorrow.（未来）

Havesbdo让某人做某事:

motherhasmedothehousework

Havesbdoing让某人处于做某事的状态：

howcanshehaveyouwaitingintherain.

插入语：

whatismore.Whatismoreimportant.Whatisworse（其中的is要变形态）

单元八：

it做形式主语：

-ing：

it’sdangerousplayingwithfire.

Todo:

itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.

That:

itwasobviousthatthelambhadbeenstolen.

特殊：

itisnogoodgoingthatpartysoearly.（nogood只能用ing）

it做形式宾语：

-ing:

Ifounditawastespendingsomuchmoneyoneating.

Todo:

hisbrothersfounditimpossibletokeepthesecretanylonger.

That:

theykeptitquietthatjackwasmurdered.

Whether:

shethoughtitstilluncertainwhetherhewillcomeornot

What:

theybelieveditimportantwhathehaddone.

主语、宾语补足语：

形容词,表示原因、时间、伴随

1.ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,he····（原因）

2.ripe,theseapplesaresweet.（时间）

3.Helpless,wewatchedhalfayear’sfooddestroyedbeforeoureyes.（伴随）

4.Hewasfounddead（伴随）

5.Curious,shelookedaroundforotherguests.

6.Shepushedthedooropen.（伴随）

7.Ican’tdrinkithot

让步状语从句：

despite,inspiteof,regardlessof+名词

·····thefactthat+从句：

hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.

单元九：

三个或三个以上的词，短语或句子只能用一个并列连接词来连接。

Heopenedtheletter,readit,andmadeanoteofitscontents.

Which，whom，whose+n作介词宾语

Thisisthepersonwithwhomyouwillwork.

Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap.

Thisisthebookforwhichyouask.

介词+which代替状语

时间：

hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecoveredtwentymiles.

HecameyesterdayonwhichIwasnotathome.

Hecamebacklate,bywhichtimeallthegestshadalreadyleft.

原因：

herefusedtodisclosethereasonforwhichhedidit

地点:

itistheplaceinwhichImethimatthefirsttime.

单元十：

强调结构

（一）

notuntil.必须将not前移，写成itisnotuntil···that····

itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeathimandbecamethechampionofEngland.

表语从句：

that：

thetruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.

Who:

theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.

Where:

that’snotwhereitbelongs.

How:

thequestionishowhedidit.

Whether:

hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.

Why:

thisiswhyIwantyoutoworkhere.

What:

thatiswhatiswrongwithhim.

单元十一：

asif/though：

表语从句：

allthiswastwentyyearsago,butitseemsasifitwereonlyyesterday.（好像，宛如，经常用虚拟语气）

itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin（也可以用陈述语气，表示可能发生或设想为真实的情况）

shelooksasthoughsheweresick.

hetalksasifhewouldgoabroad.

.

单元十三：

nomatter+疑问词=让步状语从句

however:

howeverhardItried,itwasimpossibletofillthispenwithink.

Wherever:

whereveryoulive,youwouldfinditdifficultnottolaughatthefilms.

Whoever:

whoeveryouare,youcannotcomein.

Whatever:

donotchangeyourplanswhateverhappens.

Whenever:

Iamwillingofollowyouwheneveryougo.

Whether:

Iwillgotherewhetheritrainsornot.

注意：

how和what的区别

how接形容词：

howeverhighyouracademiclevelis,youshouldremainmodest.

What接名词：

doctorsaysthatnomatterwhatforcefulargumentsagainstsmokingthereare,manyplpersistinsmoking

As,when,while的比较

As有随着的意思：

asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.

以及原因的意思：

asIadmitthattheproblemisdifficult,Idonotthinktheycanbesolved.

When有就在那时的意思：

hewasstillmumblingsomethingabouthospitalsattheendofthepartywhenheslippedonapieceoficeandbrokehisleftleg.（=atthattime）

While有转折的意思=although,whereas,but：

whileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtime.

以及对比的意思：

whileMaryisstout,Jeanisslender.

单元十五：

主语从句：

what:

whattheyhadinfactfoundwasashipwhichhadbeensunkmanyyearsbefore.

How:

howshecomeshereisnotimportant.

Whether:

whethertheywillcometodayisstillunknown.

That:

thathedidnottellaliepleasedhisparents.

As引导的定语从句:

充当宾语，主语或者表语

1、代替整个句子或一件事

Asiswellknown,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.（主语）

Thisexperimentisverysimple,asindeeditis.（表语）

Thingscangowrongonabigscale,asanumberofpeoplerecentlydiscoveredinChina.（宾语）

2、代替主句中一个特定的词：

当先行词中有such,so,same通常用as

theyweresatisfiedwiththisdecision,aswasagreedbeforehand.（主语，as代替thisdecision）

Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.（宾语：

先行词suchstories）

Theplacedoesn’tlookthesameasitwasbeforeliberation.（表语，先行词same）

HaveyouboughtthesamebookasIreferredtoyesterday.（表语，先行词book）

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinnerasshehadpromisedme.（宾语，先行词dinner）

Suchpassengersassurvivedtheexplosionweredrowned.（主语，先行词passagers）

3、引导方式状语从句：

不充当任何成分

thetelephone,asweknowit,wastheinventionofBell.

单元十六：

比较状语从句：

as···as···否定用notso···as···/than

as结构中，第一个是副词，第二个是关联词，后面跟从句

比较项目相同时将部分省去：

heisa