cet4阅读文档格式.docx

cet4阅读文档格式.docx

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B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns 

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory 

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage 

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2. 

A.Changesintheformsofwords. 

B.Changesinsentencestructures. 

C.Changesinspellingrules. 

D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings. 

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage. 

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment. 

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange. 

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage. 

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya（an）. 

A.historian 

B.philosopher 

　C.anthropologist 

D.linguist 

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage. 

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage. 

C.Ourchanginglanguage. 

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

2

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;

itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience. 

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;

however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging. 

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;

thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness. 

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer. 

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture. 

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary. 

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld. 

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell. 

2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi. 

A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround 

B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s 

C.showsthereverseofglobalization 

D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences

3.Thetwoschoolsofthought. 

A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures 

B.bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries 

C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld 

D.Both 

Aand 

B 

4.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose. 

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity 

B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture 

C.whowanttotravelabroad 

D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale 

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies. 

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas　　

B.allhavethequalityofpatience 

C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures 

D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization 

3

Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewell-knownEnglishclasssystem.『ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobeashamedof,thoughduringthepresentcenturyclass-consciousnesshasgrownlessandless,andtheclasssystemlessrigid.』①Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadlyspeaking,itmeanstherearetwoclasses,the“middleclass”andthe“workingclass”.（Weshallignoreforamomenttheold“upperclass”,includingthehereditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;

butsomeofitsmembershavetherighttositintheHouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakeasurprisinginterestintheirprivatelife.）Themiddleclassconsistschieflyofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofallkinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers. 

Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middle-classpeopleuseslightlyvaryingkindsof“receivedpronunciation”whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBCannouncersandtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworking-classpeoplespeakinmanydifferentlocalaccentswhicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.OneofthebiggestbarriersofsocialequalityinEnglandisthetwo-classeducationsystem.Tohavebeentoaso-called“publicschool”immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddleclass.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformallifethanworking-classpeople,andareusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis“lunch”andtheyhavearatherformaleveningmealcalled“dinner”,whereastheworkingman’sdinner,ifhisworkinghourspermit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,late-eveningmealiscalledsupper. 

Aswehavesaid,however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeithasbeengovernmentpolicytoreduceclassdistinctions.『Working-classstudentsverycommonlyreceiveauniversityeducationandentertheprofessions,andworking-classincomeshavegrownsomuchrecentlythatthedistinctionsbetweenthetwoclassesarebecominglessandlessclear.』②However,regardlessofone’ssocialstatus,certainstandardsofpolitenessareexpectedofeverybody,andawell-bredpersonispolitetoeveryonehemeets,andtreatsalabourerwiththesamerespecthegivesanimportantbusinessman.Servilityinspiresbothembarrassmentanddislike.Eventheword“sir”,exceptinschoolandincertainoccupations（e.g.commerce,thearmyetc.）soundstooserviletobecommonlyused. 

1.Themiddleclassmainlyreferstopeople. 

A.whowerebornasaristocrat 

　B.whohavetherighttositintheHouseofLords 

C.whospeakinmanydifferentlocalaccents