药学英语上册汇总Word下载.docx
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trachea
bronchi
plasmamembrane
bloodclotting
glialcell
atria
ventricle
cardiovascularsystem
respiratorysystem
gastrointestinaltract
urinarytract
reproductivesystem
endocrine
feces
glucagon
ganglia
embryo
bodyfluid
fertilizedegg
课文中句子(英译汉):
1.Itisconcernedwithhowanorganismperformsitsvariedactivities;
howitfeeds,howitadaptstochangingcircumstances,howitspawnsnewgenerations.
2.Althoughsomeprocessesaresimilaracrossthewholespectrumofbiology-thereplicationofthegeneticcodeforexample-manyarespecifictoparticulargroupsoforganisms.
3.Althoughtherehavebeenmanyimportantphysiologicalinvestigationsonhumanvolunteers,theneedforprecisecontrolovertheexperimentalconditionshasmeantthatmuchofourpresentphysiologicalknowledgehasbeenderivedfromstudiesonotheranimalssuchasfrogs,rabbits,cats,anddogs.
4.Theheartconsistsoffourchambers,twoatriaandtwoventricles,whichformapairofpumpsarrangedsidebyside.Therightventriclespumpsdeoxygenatedbloodtothelungswhereitabsorbsoxygenfromtheair,whiletheleftventriclepumpsoxygenatedbloodreturningfromthelungstotherestofbodytosupplythetissues.
5.Thecarbondioxideproducedbytherespiratoryactivityofthetissuesiscarriedtothelungsbythebloodinthepulmonaryarterywhereitisexcretedintheexpiredair.
6.Thisactivitydependsonelectricalsignalswhich,inturn,dependontheconcentrationofsodiumandpotassiumionsintheextracellularandintracellularfluids.Ifthereisanexcessofpotassiumintheextracellularfluid,thecardiacmusclecellsbecometooexcitableandmaycontractatinappropriatetimesratherthaninacoordinatedmanner.
7.Ifthebodytissuesarebeingbuiltup,asisthecaseforgrowingchildren,pregnantwomenandathletesintheearlystagesoftraining,thedailyintakeofproteinisgreaterthanthenormalbodyturnoverandtheindividualisinpositivenitrogenbalance.
8.Anegativefeedbackloopisacontrolsystemthatacttomaintainthelevelofsomevariableswithinagivenrangefollowingadisturbance.Afeedbacklooprequiresasensorofsomekindthatrespondstothevariableinquestionbutnottootherphysiologicalvariables.Thusanosmoreceptorshouldrespondtochangesinosmolalityofthebodyfluidsbutnottochangesinbodytemperatureorbloodpressure.
9.Thebodyisactuallyasocialorderofabout100trillioncellsorganizedintodifferentfunctionalstructure,someofwhicharecalledorgans.Eachfunctionalstructurecontributesitssharetothemaintenanceofhomeostasisconditionsintheextracellularfluid,whichiscalledtheinternalenvironment.Aslongasnormalconditionsaremaintainedinthisinternalenvironment,thecellsofthebodycontinuetoliveandfunctionproperly.
课后汉译英:
1.我们每天摄入的食物必须满足需要,任何多余的东西必须排出体外才能维持平衡。
2.人类细胞有将大分子分解成小分子的能力,从而为自身活动释放足够的能量。
UnitThreeTextBTheothersideofantibiotics
personalexperience
ointment
mumps
measles
fungi
chemotherapy
antimicrobialagent
staphylococcus
erythromycin
bactericidalagent
bacteriostaticagent
para-aminosalicylicacid
isoniazid
asepticmeasure
prevalence
anaphylacticreaction
tetracycline
chloramphenicol
mastitis
precaution
diarrhea
anal
cross-infection
super-infection
streptomycin
complications
tuberculosis
long-rangevalue
cure-alls
narrow-spectrum
broad-spectrum
currentlyavailablemedicine
antibiotics
acquiredresistance
allergy
dosageform
课文句子:
1.Antibioticshaveeliminatedorcontrolledsomanyinfectiousdiseasesthatvirtuallyeveryonehasbenefitedfromtheiruseatonetimeoranother.Evenwithoutsuchpersonalexperience,however,onewouldhavetobeisolatedindeedtobeunawareofthevirtues,realandspeculative,ofthese“miracle”drugs.TheAmericanpress,radioandtelevisionhavedoneagoodjobofreportingthetrulyremarkablestoryofsuccessesinthechemicalwarongerms.
2.Anaphylacticreactionhappenslessfrequentlyandislessseverewhentheantibioticsisgivenbymouth.Itismostapttooccurinpeoplewithahistoryofallergy,orarecordofsensitivitytopenicillin.Otheruntowardreactionstoantibioticsaregastrointestinaldisorders—suchassoremouth,cramps,diarrheaoranalitch—whichoccurmostfrequentlyafteruseofthetetracyclinegroupbuthavealsobeenencounteredafteruseofpenicillinandstreptomycin.Thesereactionsmayresultfromsuppressionbytheantibioticofbacterianormallyfoundinthegastrointestinaltract.Withtheircompetitionremoved,antibiotic-resistantstaphylococciorfungi,whichalsoarenormallypresent,arefreetoflourishandcausewhatiscalledasuper-infection.Suchinfectioncanbeextremelydifficulttocure.
2.制药工业在探索和开发新药的同时还要对抗现有抗生素不断增长的微生物耐药性,这将是一条漫长的道路。
3.应该大力鼓励医生、制药业以及公众态度的改变。
必须将抗生素视为一种应被谨慎使用并且仅在真正必需时才使用的宝贵资源。
UnitFourTextBAdversedrugreactions
etiology
atopy
benoxaprofen
dexfenfluramine
digoxin
felbamate
fenfluramine
herbicide
impotence
intracranial
lethargy
mandatory
neonate
nephropathy
neuroleptic
pathophysiology
polymorphism
temafloxacin
tranquillizer
troglitazone
warfarin
1.TypeAreactions,whichconstitutethegreatmajorityofadversedrugreactions,areusuallyaconsequenceofthedrug’smainpharmacologicaleffect(e.g.bleedingfromwarfarin)oralowherapeuticindex(e.g.nauseafromdigoxin),andtheyarethereforepredictable.
2.Suchreactionsareusuallyduetoincorrectdosage(toomuchortoolong),fortheindividualpatientortodisorderedpharmacokinetics,usuallyimpaireddrugelimination.Theterm“side-effects”isoftenappliedtominortypeAreactions.
3.TheunderlyingpathophysiologyoftypeBreactionsispoorlyifatallunderstood,andoftenhasageneticorimmunologicalbasis.
4.Exposuretodrugsinthepopulationisthussubstantial,andtheincidenceofadversereactionsmustbeviewedinthiscontext.
5.Itwoulddetectrarebutsevereadversedrugreactions,butwouldnotbeoverwhelmedbycommonones,theincidenceofwhichwouldquantifytogetherwithpredisposingfactors.
6.Theproblemofadversedrugreactionrecognitionismuchgreaterifthereactionresemblesspontaneousdiseaseinthepopulation,suchthatphysicianareunlikelytoattributethereactiontodrugexposure.
1.从临床来看,大多数药物的不良反应属于A型不良反应,它主要是由药物的主要药理作用或者低治疗指数引起的。
2.无法从药物的主要药理作用预期到、与药物剂量无关、较严重且死亡率高的不良反应叫做B型不良反应。
UnitFiveTextACombinatorialchemistryandnewdrugs
trillion
pathogen
polystyrene
pharmacopoeia
trialanderror
remedy
alkaloid
steroid
neurotransmitter
endocrinehormone
sulphonamide
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
1.Tofightdisease,theimmunesystemgeneratesproteinsknownasantibodiesthatbindtoinvadingorganism
2.Theytypicallybeginbylookingforsignsofadesiredactivityinalmostanythingtheycanfind,suchasdiversecollectionsofsyntheticcompoundsorofchemicalsderivedfrombacteria,plantsorothernaturalsources.
3.Byperformingdozensorsometimeshundredsofreactionsatthesametimeandthentestingtoseewhethertheresultingpeptideswouldbindtotheparticularantibodyofinterest,herapidlyfoundtheactivepeptidesfromalargeuniverseofpossiblemolecule.
4.Chemistsoftenstartacombinatorialsynthesisbyattachingthefirstsetofbuildingblockstoinert,microscopicbeadsmadeofpolystyrene(oftenreferredtoassolidsupport).
5.Thetradeoff,however,isthatkeepingtrackofsuchlargenumberofcompoundsandthentestingthemforbiologicalactivity,canbecomequitecomplicated.
6.Scientistscanpulloutfromthemixturethebeadsthatbearbiologicallyactivemoleculesandthen,usingsensitivedetectiontechniques,determinethemolecularmakeupofthecompoundattached.
UnitSevenTextABiopharmaceutics
Administer
Aqueous
Arterial
Bioavailability
Capillary
Circulation
Dissolution
Dynamic
Endothelium
Gelatin
Hepatic
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Mesenteric
Permeation
Peroral
Plasma
Portal
Prodrug
Stability
Suspension
Venous
Equilibrium
Assay
Elimination
Absorption
gastrointestinalbarrier
hepaticportalcirculation
1.Inthecaseofsystemicallyactingdrug(i.e.drugsthatreachthesesitesviathesystemiccirculation),itisgenerallyacceptedforclinicalpurposesthatadynamicequilibriumexistsbetweentheconcentrationofdrugatitssite(s)ofactionandtheconcentrationofdruginbloodplasma.
2.Strictlyspeaking,theconcentrationofdruginplasmawater(i.e.protein-freeplasma)isamoreaccurateindexofdrugconcentrationatthesite(s)ofactionthantheconcentrationofdruginwholeplasmasinceadrugmayoftenbindinareversiblemannertoplasmaprotein.
3.Onlydrugwhichisunbound(i.e.dissolvedinplasmawater)canpassoutoftheplasmathroughthecapillaryendotheliumandreachotherbodyfluidsandtissuesandhenceitssite(s)ofaction.Drugconcentrationinwholebloodisalsonotconsideredtobeanaccurateindirectindexoftheconcentrationofdrugatitssite(s)ofactionsincedrugcanbindtoandenterbloodcells.
4.Ithasbeenassumedthattheplasmadrugconcentrationisdirectlyproportionaltotheclinicaleffectofthatdrug.
5.Apartfromtheintravenousroutofdrugadministration,whereadrugisintroduceddirectlyintothebloodcirculation,allotherroutsofadministeringsystemicallyactingdrugsinvolvetheabsorptionofdrugfromtheplaceofadministrationintotheblood.
6.Thefractionofanadministereddoseofdrugthatr