届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练.docx

届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练.docx

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届高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练

2022高考英语阅读之记叙文+说明文基础训练

（A）

InreallifeJoannaGarciaSwisher,41,ishappilymarriedtoformerMajorLeagueBaseballplayerNickSwisher,40,andraisingdaughtersSailor,4,andEmerson,7.OnTVsheneedsthehelpofamatchmakertofindloveinthenewHallmarkChannelromanceAsLuckWouldHaveIt.Sheopensupaboutraisingstronggirls,howherparents’recentdeathsaffectedherandwhichrolesfansrecognizeherforthemost.

Youhaven’tneededamatchmaker--butiflifehadturnedoutdifferently,wouldyouuseone?

Iwouldtotallyhavebeengameforit.Iwassetupbyafriendofourstomeetmyhusband,butIthinkitsoundssofun.

YoustaroppositeAllenLeech--wereyouaDowntonAbbeyfan?

I’mahugeDowntonfan,butIknowAllenpersonallyverywell.Hehappenedtomarrymybestfriend’slittlesister.HismomactuallycookedmedinneracoupleoftimeswhileIwasshooting!

You’vebeenonTVsinceyouwereateen.Whichrolegetsyourecognizedmost?

SweetMagnoliasnow.ButoverallIwouldsayReba.IalsogetrecognizedforbeingAmyAdamsmorethanIgetrecognizedforbeingmyself.

Youlostyourmother,fatherandgrandmotherinthepastyearandahalf.Howareyouandyourfamilydoing?

Mydaughtershavewatchedmegothroughsomuchinthelastyear,fromthehighsofthesuccessofSweetMagnoliastothelowestoflows,losingmyparentsandmygrandmother.Ireallybelievethatit’snotwhathappenstoyou,it’swhathappensforyou.Evenintheirpassing,astragicasitwas ... Iknowthatit’snotfornothing.Mymomwassuchastrong,capable,amazingwoman;myfatherwastheultimatefatherandfeministandjusthugesourceofsupport--andIthinkthatsolidifiedmystrength.SoIonlyhopethatI’mmodelingthatsamestrengthformygirls.

1.Howdoesthetextdevelop?

A.Byquestionsandanswers.B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Bynarratinglifestories.D.Bycomparisonandcontrast.

2.WhatdoesJoannaGarciaSwisherthinkofamatchmakerinmarriage?

A.It’sstrange.B.It’sacceptable.C.It’sterrible.D.It’snecessary.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?

A.Joannawasjustplayingonwords.

B.Joannamissedherparentsmuch.

C.Joannasubmittedherselftoherfate.

D.Joannafacedthetragedypositively.

4.WhatcanbestdescribeJoannaGarciaSwisheraccordingtothetext?

A.Simpleandtalkative.B.Stubbornandinfluential.

C.Strongandeasy-going.D.Negativeandsensitive

（B）

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlytunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat–onesocialandoneasocial（不爱社交的）–for5days.Theroboticratresembledabiggerversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialroboticratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingabutton.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobot,becauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunal（共同的）exploringandplaying.“Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,”saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsplaindesign.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialsignals,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplaysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.

1.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.

A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

B.distinguishfriendsfromenemies

C.learnsociableskillsthroughtraining

D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellows

2.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

A.Itfollowedtheasocialrobot.B.Itmadefriendswithtoys.

C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.D.Itmovedaroundalone.

3WhydidtheratsreleasethesocialrobotaccordingtoQuinn?

A.Theytriedtopracticeameansofescape.

B.Theyexpectedittodothesameinreturn.

C.Theywantedtodisplaytheirintelligence.

D.Theyconsidereditaninterestinggame.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Ratsarehighlyadaptabletonewsurroundings.

B.Ratsaremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals.

C.Ratsbehavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing.

D.Ratsaremoresensitivetosocialsignalsthanexpected.

（C）

Aboutsevenyearsago,KristinandJoshMohagenwerehoneymooninginNapaValleyinCalifornia,whentheysmelledsomethingsurprisingintheirglassesofwine；greenpepper.Itwasexplainedthatthegrapesinthatbottlehadripenedonahillsidealongsideafieldofgreenpeppers."Thatwasmyfirstexperiencewithterroir,"JoshMohagensays.

Itmadeanimpression.InspiredbytheirtimeinNapa,theMohagensreturnedhomeandlaunchedachocolatebusinessbasedontheprincipleofterroir,oftendefinedas"senseofplace”.

Thedefinitionofterroirissomewhatfluid.WineenthusiastsusetheFrenchtermtodescribetheenvironmentalconditionsinwhichagrapeisgrownthatgiveawineitsuniquetasteandsmell.Thesoil,climateandeventheorientation（朝向）ofahillsideorthecompanyofneighboringplants,andinsectsplayarole.Someexpertsexpandterroirtoincludespecificculturalpracticesforgrowingandprocessinggrapesthatcouldalsoinfluencetaste.

Theideaofterroirisquiteold.IntheMiddleAges,thewine-makersinBurgundy,France,dividedthecountrysideintodifferentclimateareas,accordingtodifferencesinthelandscapethatseemedtotranslateintouniquewinecharacteristics.WinesproducedaroundthevillageofGearey-Chambertin,forexample,“arefamousforbeingfuller-bodied,powerfularidmoretannicthanmost,"saysJoeQuinn,winedirectorofTheRedHen,arestaurantinWashington,D.C."Incontrast,thewinesfromthevillageofChambolle-Musigny,justafewmilessouth,arewidelyconsideredtobemorefine,delicateandlight-bodied.”

Arecentwaveofscientificresearchsuggeststhattheenvironmentandproductionpracticescan,infact,produceachemicalormicrobial（微生物的）signaturesodistinctivethatscientistscanusethesignaturetotracefoodbacktoitsorigin.Andinsomecases,thesetechniquesarebeginningtooffercluesonhowterroircanshapethesmellandtasteoffoodanddrinks.

1.WhatimpressedtheMohagensmostduringtheirstayinNapa?

A.Thesmellfromthewine.

B.Thefieldofgreenpeppers.

C.ThesceneryofNapaValley.

D.Theripegrapesonahillside.

2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fluid"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Impractical.B.Specific.C.Uncertain.D.Conventional.

3.WhydidtheauthorquoteawinedirectorinParagraph4?

A.Todemonstratetheeffectofterroir.

B.Tointroducetwotypesofgrapewine.

C.Toprovethelonghistoryofterroir.

D.Togetarestaurantknowntothepublic.

4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutterroirfromthetext?

A.Itsresearchisoflittlebenefit.

B.Itgivesfooditsuniquefeatures.

C.Itsvalueneedstobefurthertested.

D.Itisanewly-acknowledgedconcept.

（D）

Accompaniedbyherfather,usingacombinationofaidandfreeclimbingandtakingadvantageofsomespecialequipmentandropesforprotection,10-year-oldSelahmadeittothetopofElCapitanonJune12afterfivedaysofbigwallclimbing.

ClimbingthechallengingandadventurousNoserouteofElCapitanwasalaborofloveforSelahinmorethanoneway.Herparents,MikeandJoySchneiter,fellinloveonthis3,000-plus-foothugerockandshehasalwayswantedtofeelthewaythatherparentsfeltwhentheywereuptheretogether.Selahshowedgreatinterestinrockclimbingatanearlyage.Sheworeherfirstrock-climbingequipmentshortlyaftershelearnedtowalk.ShefirstdreamedofclimbingElCapitanwhenshewas6or7.

ElCapitanisafamousmountain-sizedrockinYosemiteNationalPark.Gettingtoitstopisnoeasytask.It'staller,asreported,thanthetallestbuildingintheworld-Dubai’sBuriKhalifa.ElCapitananditsdifficultNoseroute,whichrunsmorethan3,000feethighupthecenteroftherock'sface,isconsideredoneoftheworld'shardestbigwallclimbsandhasattractedthebestclimbersovertime.Butneverbeforehadayoungsteraccomplishedit.

Selah'sachievementcaughtnationalattention.OutsideMagazinecalledhertheyoungestdocumentedpersontoclimbtheNose.KenYager,presidentoftheYosemiteClimbingAssociation,saidhealsocouldn'tthinkofanyoneyoungerwhohasdoneit.

SelahishumbleaboutherElCapitanaccomplishment."I'mnotnecessarilyaspecialkidoranythinglikethat,shesaid."TherewereafewtimeswhenIwouldbesowornthatitwouldkindofdiscouragemefromholdingon.Butoverall,itwasjustgreattokeeppluggingaway.”

Selahsharedthisadviceforotheryoungclimbersdreamingofbigwalls,"Itdoesn'ttakenecessarilyasuperspecialpersontodosomethinglikethat.Youjusthavetoputyourmind