苏州博物馆与苏州园林之比较分析英文Word格式文档下载.docx

苏州博物馆与苏州园林之比较分析英文Word格式文档下载.docx

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IthinkthenewSuzhouMuseumisagoodexampletoanswerthequestion.

SuzhouisrenownedasacenterofartandcultureinChina.Itisanancientcityhas2700-yearhistory."

ManygracefulepithetshavebeenappliedtoSuzhou--'

VeniceofChina'

（Fig.1）,'

cityofgarden'

（Fig.2）--foritsbridgesandgardenswereasrenownedasitspagodasandtemples.DuringtheMingdynasty（1368－1644）thecitywasagatheringplaceforthenation'

sleadingpoetsandpainters,whichmayaccountforthenumberofoutstandinglybeautifulgardenswhichbroughtthecityfame.MorethanahundredsuchgardensinandaroundSuzhou,wererecordedinthecity'

shistory."

AlltheSuzhoutraditionalgardensareprivategardens.Theexistingprivategardenswerebuiltasretreatsbygentlemenscholars,therichandrankedclassoffeudalsociety."

Mostoftheprivategardenswerebuiltadjacenttotheirresidences,asanextensionoftheformalcourtyardhousestoprovidearefugefromthetensionofthehierarchicalsociety.Somegardenswereconstructedasresortsintendedonlyforoccasionalvisits,whenthehousegardenswereconsideredtoofamiliartolendenchantment.Theoriginalmotiveforbuildingprivategardensseemstohavebeenanadmirationforwildernesshamperedbyunwillingnesstoforsaketheconvenienceofcitylife.Effortsweremadetocreateminiatureworldsofwildernessincityareas."

Privategardenswereintendedtoofferidealenvironmentsforscholasticactivitiessuchasstudying,painting,composingverses,cultivatingplants,fish,andbirds,andgardenmakingitself.

Nowadays,Suzhouchangedgreatly.IncreasingnumberofmodernbuildingswhichareinfluencedbyWesternculturehaveappearedinthispeacefulcity（Fig.3）.Nothingcanimpressyouexcepttheshape,hi-techormaterials.I.M.Pei,whodesignedthenewSuzhouMuseum,isafamousmodernismarchitectintheworld.Hesaid,"

Chinesearchitecturereallydoesn'

thaveasenseofdirection.Sincemingdynasty,therereallyhasn'

tbeenanythingthatonecansay,'

none'

.Aninterruptionof500years--that'

sserious."

I.M.Peialsosaid,"

suzhouissurroundedbywater.Wateriseverywhere.It'

saverypoeticplace.Butmostimportant,IthinkwhenyoulookatsuzhouyouhavetothinkofSuzhouasacitythatis2,500yearsold.Builtofwoodandbuiltoftileandbrick.Sothisisasmall-scalecity.Itisahuman-scalecity.Anditisacityforlife,forpeoplelivingthere.Andassuch,Ithinkthemuseumhastoreflectthistraditionandatthesametimewehavetothinkabout'

change'

.Suzhoucannotremainlikethisforever.Ithastohaveachancetorenewitself--tobecomemodern."

Suzhouisenteringintoamodernworld,Itneedsanewsymbol,andthissymbolshouldharmonizethetraditionalcultureandmodernconsciousness.Ontheonehand,itneedsinheritance,onetheotherhand,itneedsinnovation.TheculturalinheritanceofthenewSuzhouMuseumisaccomplishedbymanyfactorslikeform,colors,materialsandsoon.ItisaThree-dimensionalarttodesignabuilding.Ibelieveformconcernsspiritwhichdependsonmaterials,shapesandartsform.InnovationofEasternandWesternculturecanonlybeachievedbytherecombinationofformsandmaterials.Itcannotbeconsideredasmodernornationalstyleonlybysimplyusingmodernsymbolpatternandnewarchitecturalmaterials.Itisnotdoubtthattheissueofcombinationofcultureandformhasalreadybecomeabasicissueofmakingcontemporaryarchitecturemodernandnational.

ThenewSuzhouMuseumisthesymbolcombinesSuzhoutraditionstyleandmodernism.Itevokesmemoriesofurbanarchitecturalculture.ThenewSuzhouMuseumwasestablishedonOctober6th,2006nexttotheWorldCulturalHeritage--ZhuoZhengyuanGarden（HumbleAdministrator'

sGarden）.ThenewSuzhouMuseumisthelatestmasterpieceofI.M.Peiforhishometown--Suzhou.IamgoingtocomparethenewSuzhouMuseumwithSuzhoutraditionalgardensfromseveralaspects.Acloseranalysisfollow:

LayoutThebuildingcomplexoftheSuzhouMuseumisdividedintothreemajorparts.Thecenterpartincludestheentrance,frontcourtandgreathallwhilethewestwingisdesignedasthemainexhibitionarea,andtheeastbelongstoprimarilytheadministrationofficesandsub-exhibitiongalleries.Thetotalexhibitionareacoversroughly3600squaremeters,andhouses1160culturalrelicsdatedfromtheprehistoriceratoMingandQingDynastiesaswellasmorerecentyears.TheresemblanceisthelayoutofthenewSuzhouMuseumandSuzhoutraditionalgardens."

TheoutstandingachievementinChinesegardendesigningistheunityofnaturalandman-madebeauty,especiallythelayout.TheideologicalbaseforthiscanbetracedbackovertwothousandfivehundredyearstothephilosophicalandaestheticthoughtofConfucianismandDaoism.AmajorprincipleofthesetwodoctrinesusedincreatingatraditionalChinesegardenisthattheman-madeandnaturalscenesshouldblendtogether.Laozi,thefounderofTaoism,believedthat'

emptiness'

and'

calm'

weretwoaspectsoftheDaoofnature.Forinstance,althoughamountainvalleywas'

empty'

itwasaplacewherewaterscouldruntogether;

althougharoomwas'

itspotentialstemmedpreciselyfromitsemptiness.Anemptyobjectwasnotunderstoodtobevoid;

itwasbrimmingwithendlesscreativepossibilities,itspotentialuseswereinexhaustible.Suzhoutraditionalgardensoftenfeaturean"

emptyobjectinthemiddle"

;

the"

emptyobject"

comesfromDaoismandtheplacementatthe"

center"

fromtheConfuciandoctrineofthemean."

ThemajorityofSuzhoutraditionalgardenswhichwerebuiltaccordingtothistheoryareemptyattheircorewithscenicobjectsdistributedaroundthesides.（Fig.4）

ThenewSuzhouMuseumalsohasapondinthecenterofthebuilding,andplaysaroleofemptiness.Althoughthepond'

sshapeofmuseumisregularwhichisquitedifferentfromtheirregularshapeofpondofSuzhoutraditionalgardens,thenewSuzhouMuseumstillexpressthespiritofemptiness.（Fig.5Fig.6）

ShapesWhenI.M.PeidecidedtodesignthenewSuzhouMuseum,hecameupwithanidea"

nottoohigh,nottoolargeandnottooabrupt."

ThatmeansthenewSuzhouMuseumshouldwellblendintothesurroundingenvironment.ThenewSuzhouMuseumhasageometricappearancewhichisacharacteristicofmodernarchitecture.ThegateatthenewSuzhouMuseumhasadoublelayerofglasseaves,twinsideextensions,andametalstructure.（Fig.7）ThenewSuzhouMuseumgateneedsaopenandinvitingdesignwhichisquitedifferentfromthegateofSuzhoutraditionalgardens.TheSuzhoutraditionalgardensfeaturetheenclosedhighwallandaforeverclosedredgate,becausemostownersofSuzhoutraditionalgardensarehermits,andtheydon'

twanttobeinfluencedbysociety.Thefreshstylegatewilldefinitelyattractvisitortoenterintothegreatlobbysituatedbetweenthefrontentrancecourtandtherearmuseumgarden.TheroofofthemuseumhasaindicationofSuzhoutraditionalgardens'

stileroofs.Similar,butnotquitethesame.Fromtheperspectiveofarchitecturalstructure,themuseum'

sroofwithmoderngeometricfigureincludethebasicconceptofSuzhoutraditionalroof.Triangleandsquareareduplicatedandreconstructedcontinuously（Fig.8）.WhydidnotPeiusethesamerooflikeSuzhoutraditionalgardens?

I.M.PeiansweredthequestionfromagroupofpeoplefromSuzhouplanningbureauandthemuseum."

Pei:

Shouldweusetileroof?

And,uh--andweareusingstoneroof.Man:

Pei,Ilikeyourdesign,butIthinkyoumakeabigmistake.Thisisatradition.Pei:

I'

msorry,thereasonisbecausetileroofissostrongapersonality.Itactuallymakesitimpossibleforyoutomakeformoutofit,becausetheroofisabsolutelytoodominant.（Fig.9）Sototaketheroofawayistheremoveofatyrannywhichmakesitpossibletoinnovate.CharlesJencks（aarchitecturalhistorian）said,Iunderstandwhypeiwasworriedaboutdoingtileroofsinsuzhou,because,