全国现代语言学自考试题Word格式.docx
《全国现代语言学自考试题Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《全国现代语言学自考试题Word格式.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
1.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning“not”isphoneticallyvariant;
itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea_____,forexample,inoperable,indiscrete,impossible,andinconceivable.()
A.velarB.palatal
C.fricativeD.stop
2.Tonesarepitchvariationsthatrefertomorphologicallydefinedsegmentstotheextentthatdifferent_______inalanguagearedistinctive.Pitchvariationscandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.()
A.soundsB.patterns
C.pitchesD.features
3.Someofthe______rulesareproductive;
theycanbeusedfreelytoformnewwords.()
A.syntacticB.morphological
C.semanticD.phonological
4.VP,APandPPsharesimilarsyntacticpropertieswithNPinthattheyallowfor_______andcomplementsinphrases.()
A.headsB.specifiers
C.lexicalitemsD.obligatorywords
5.Bloomfielddrewon_______psychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.()
A.contextualB.conceptualist
C.behavioristD.mentalist
6.Pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin_______.()
A.senseB.concept
C.sentenceD.context
7.Thelanguagesoftheworldbelongtofamiliesandbearoffspring.Whenweexaminethelanguagesoftheworld,weperceivesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemthatprovidefurtherevidenceforthe“______”relatednessweknowexists.
()
A.geographicalB.genetic
C.typologicalD.functional
8.InEnglish,powderroomisaeuphemismfortoilet,whichitselfstartedasa_______forlavatory,whichisnowmoreacceptablethanitsreplacement.()
A.variantB.variation
C.variableD.euphemism
9.WhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthat_______.()
A.itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesis
B.human’slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilities
C.languagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiod
D.thelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop
10.Althoughchildrenarestillacquiringaspectsoftheirnativelanguagethroughthelateryearsofchildhood,itisnormallyassumedthattheyhavecompletedthegreaterpartofthelanguageacquisitionprocessbytheageof______.()
A.threeandhalfB.four
C.fiveD.six
Ⅱ.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×
10=10%)
11.Thecoreareaoflinguisticsincludesphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntaxands.
12.Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethesounds,showinghowtheydiffer;
phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionasp,actingtocontrastwords.
13.Bothi____________morphologyandderivationalmorphologyarethetwosub-branchesofmorphology.
14.Whenasentenceisutteredorwrittendown,thewordsofthesentenceareproducedoneafteranotherinasequence.Thissequentialorderofwordsinasentenceshowsthatthestructureofasentenceisl_____________.
15.C_________synonymsaresynonymsthatdifferinthewordstheygotogetherwith.Itisamatterofusage.
16.AccordingtoSearle’sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,“IswearIhaveneverseenthemanbefore”isamongthemosttypicalexamplesofther______.
17.Sounda________referstosoundchangeorprocessbywhichfeaturesofoneelementchangetomatchthoseofanotherthatprecedesorfollows.
18.German-speakingSwitzerlandisdescribedasad___________community,wherethedistinctvarietiesareStandardGermanandSwissGerman.
19.Thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,ther___________sideofthebody.
20.Learningisdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettingswhilea__________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.
21.()Peoplecanutterasentencehehasneverheardorusedbefore.Inthissense,humanlanguageiscreative.
22.()InEnglishbothaspiratedandunaspiratedvoicelessstopsoccur.Thevoicelessaspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesamephonemiccontextorenvironment.
23.()ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamonglanguages.
24.()Syntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,therefore,thedeepstructureandsurfacestructureofeverysentencelookdifferentatitstwolevelsofrepresentation.
25.()TheAnglo-SaxonsweremigrantsfromthenorthernpartsofEurope,sothewordsthattheyoriginallyusedandthewordsthattheEnglishvocabularyhaslatertakeninfromotherlanguagesareregardedasloanwords.
26.()PaulGricemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.
27.()MostofthelanguagesofEurope,Persia(Iran),andthenorthernpartofIndiabelongtothesameIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Thelanguage,whichnolongerexists,iscalledProto-Indo-European,atermreflectingtheearlierlinguisticdistributionofthespeakersofthislanguagefamilyfromIndiatoEurope.
28.()InBlackEnglish,whentheverbisnegated,theindefinitepronounssomething,somebody,andsomebecomethenegativeindefinitesnothing,nobody,andnone,asin:
Hedon’tknownothing.
Hedon’tlikenobody.
Heain’tgotnone.
29.()Thecerebralcortexisthedecision-makingorganofthebody,receivingmessagesfromallthesensoryorgansandinitiatingallvoluntaryactions.
30.()Duringthetwo-wordstageoflanguageacquisition,two-wordexpressionsareabsentofsyntacticormorphologicalmarkers.
IV.Dirctions:
Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.
31.appliedlinguistics
32.diacritics
33.phrasestructurerule
34.predicate
35.presupposition
36.cognates
37.creole
38.Wernicke’sarea
39.overtthought
40.instrumentalmotivation
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×
2=20%)
41.Towhatextentcanwesaythatlanguageisculturallytransmitted?
Explainwithexamples.Doesanimalcommunicationhavethesamefeatureofculturaltransmission?
42.AccordingtoJohnAustin’snewmodel,pleaseillustratethethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking.