上海市徐汇区届高三年级第一学期学习能力诊断英语试题版.docx
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上海市徐汇区届高三年级第一学期学习能力诊断英语试题版
2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷
高三英语试题2016.12
高三英语试卷（听力略）
Grammarandvocabulary
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Pleasemindthesilence
Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassicBritishreserve,
meansthat（21）you’repackedintoanenclosedspacewithhundredsofotherpeople,
themorningcommute（上下班）canleaveyoufeelingsomewhatisolated.
OneLondonresident,however,istryingtochangethis.
“YougetontheTubehereandifscompletelysilentandifsweird,"saysJonathanDunne,42,
anAmericanlivinginLondon,whohas,ironically,started（22）worldwidedialogueafter
givingoutbadges（黴章）withtheslogan“Tubechat?
”lastmonth,encouragingcommutersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8
million,expectingmanyrefusalsandmostofthem（23）（throw）away,butafterabout24
hoursitcompletelysnowballed,”hesays.
Dunneandhis“Tubechat”campaign（24）（feature）inmediaacrosstheworldever
since,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.
AlthoughDunnesayshe’sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhis
sentiment.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignof（25）own,handingout
500badgeswiththewords“Don’teventhinkaboutit”onthem.
“I（26）hardlystandtheideaofhavingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywayto
work,”hetoldtheBBC.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTube
istheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoand（27）work.Itdoesn’t
needtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,”hesays.WhileLondonhasitsseeminglyantisocialsetofregulationstofollow,noteverywherelacksasenseofcommunity.
DoesDunnehopethatsomeofthiscommunityspirit（28）（mirror）intheUK
followinghiscampaign?
“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,（29）I
don’t,butit’sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”hesays.“OnMonday,Oct10,thecurator（馆长）oftheLondonTransportMuseumhadmeoverfortea.”
Soifyoueverendup（30）（use）publictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothe
personnexttoyou?
Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonly
A.overtook
B.promising
C.likelihood
D.ridiculous
E.sharedF.controlled
Gbeliefs
H.reasonable
I.trend
J.tracked
K.demonstrated
once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
Theriseinstoriesdescribingeventsthatneverhappened,ofteninvolvingfakepeopleinfake
places,hasledtoFacebookandGoogle’s（31）todealwiththem.Butarewereallysoeasyto
fool?
Accordingtoseveralstudies,theanswerisyes:
eventhemostobviousfakenewsstartstobecomebelievableifit’s（32）enoughtimes.
InthemonthsrunninguptotheUSelectiontherewasaswrge（大浪）infakenews.AccordingtoananalysisbyCraigSilverman,ajournalist,duringthistimethetop20fakestoriesincirculation（33）thetop20storiesfrom19mainstreampublishers.
PaulHorner,acreativepublisheroffakenews,hassaidhebelievesDonaldTrumpwaselectedbecauseofhim.“MysiteswerepickedupbyTrumpsupportersallthetime…Hisfollowersdon’tfact-checkanything-they’llposteverything,believeanything,”hetoldtheWashingtonPost.
Silvermanpreviously（34）rumourscirculatingonlinein2014andfoundthatshares
andsocialinteractionsaroundfakenewsarticlesdwarfed（使...相形见绌）thoseofthearticlesthat
exposedthem.AccordingtoSilverman,fakenewsstoriesareengineeredtoappealtopeople’s
hopesandfears,andaren’t（35）byreality,whichgivesthemtheedgeincreatingshareable
content.
Youmightthinkyou’reimmunetofallingfortheselies,butawealthofresearchdisagrees.
Backinthe1940s,researchersfoundthat“themorearumouristold,themore（36）it
sounds”.Theysuggestedthismeansthatarumourbornoutofmildsuspicioncan,bygainingcurrency,shiftpublicthinkingandopinion.
Thisfalseimpressionoftruthwas（37）practicallyin1977whenresearchersintheUS
quizzedcollegestudentsontheactualityofstatementsthattheyweretoldmaybetrueorfalse.Theresearchersfoundthatsimplyrepeatingthestatementsatalaterdatewasenoughtoincreasethe（38）ofthestudentsbelievingthem.
Lastyear,LisaFazioatVanderbiltUniversityinTennesseeandherteamfoundthatstudentsbecomemorelikelytobelieveastatementthattheyknowmustbefalseifitisrepeated.
“Ourresearchsuggeststhatfalsenewscanandlikelydoesaffectpeople’s（39）.Evenif
peopleareconsciousthataheadlineisfalse,readingitmultipletimeswillmakeitseemmoretrustworthy,”Faziosays.
Reassuringly,theteamfoundthataperson’sknowledgestillhasalargeinfluenceovertheir
beliefs,butit’sstillaworrying（40）giventhatfalsehoodsappearrepeatedlyinour
newsfeedseveryday.
II.ReadingComprehensionSectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearcfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Twokeyclimatechangeindicators—globalsurfacetemperaturesandArcticseaiceextent—havebrokennumerousrecordsthroughthefirsthalfof2016,accordingtoNASAanalysesofground-basedobservationsandsatellitedata.Eachofthefirstsixmonthsof2016setarecordasthewarmest（41）monthgloballyinthemoderntemperaturerecord,which（42）1880,
accordingtoscientistsatNASA'sGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies（GISS）inNewYork.Thesix-monthperiodfromJanuarytoJunewasalsotheplanet'swarmesthalf-yearonrecord,witha（n）
（43）temperature1.3degreesCelsius（2.4degreesFahrenheit）warmerthanthelate
nineteenthcentury.
Fiveofthefirstsixmonthsof2016also（44）thesmallestrespectivemonthlyArctic
seaice（45）sinceregularsatelliterecordsbeganin1979,accordingtoanalysesdeveloped
byscientistsatNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,inGreenbelt,Maryland.Theone（46）_____,
March,recordedthesecondsmallestforthatmonth.
（47）thesetwokeyclimateindicatorshavebrokenrecordsin2016,NASAscientists
saiditismoresignificantthatglobaltemperatureandArcticseaicearecontinuingtheir
decades-longtrendsofchange.Bothtrendsareultimatelydrivenbyrising（48）of
heat-trappingcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.
TheextentofArcticseaiceatthepeakofthesummermeltseasonnowtypically（49）
40percentlessareathanitdidinthelate1970sandearly1980s.Arcticseaiceextentin
September,theseasonallowpointintheannualcycle,hasbeen（50）atarateof13.4
percentperdecade.
"WhiletheElNinoeventinthetropicalPacificthiswinter（51）thegainingglobal
temperaturesfromOctober,itisthebasictrendwhichisproducingtheserecordnumbers,"GISSDirectorGavinSchmidtsaid.
（52）ElNinoeventshavedriventemperaturestowhatwerethenrecordlevels,suchas
in1998.Butin2016,evenastheeffectsoftherecentElNinowearoff,globaltemperatureshave
risenwellbeyondthoseof18yearsago（53）theoverallwarmingthathastakenplacein
thattime.
Theglobaltrendinrisingtemperaturesfallsbehindtheregional（54）intheArctic,said
WaltMeier,aseaicescientistatNASAGoddard.
"Ithasbeenarecordyearsofarforglobaltemperatures,buttherecordhightemperaturesintheArcticoverthepastsixmonthshavebeenevenmoreextreme,"Meiersaid."Thiswarmthaswellasunusualweather（55）haveledtotherecordlowseaiceextentssofarthisyear."
41.A.resistant
B.respective
C.resolved
D.remote
42.A.makessenseof
B.keepsupwith
C.datesbackto
D.goesaheadof
43.A.average
B.ordinary
C.common
D.temporary
44.A.confirmed
B.witnessed
C.involved
D.conducted
45.A.standard
B.content
C.amount
D.extent
46.A.datum
B.example
C.month
D.exception
47.A.While
B.When
C.After
D.As
48.A.combinations
B.reductions
C.concentrations
D.applications
49.A.includes
B.covers
C.approaches
D.indicates
50.A.increasing
B.changing
C.declining
D.moving
51.A.endedupwith
B.gaveriseto
C.brokeawayfrom
D.resultedfrom
52.A.Frequent
B.Natural
C.Disastrous
D.Previous
53.A.inreturnfor
B.incaseof
C.inspiteof
D.becauseof
54.A.warming
B.falling
C.gathering
D.changing
55.A.forecasts
B.varieties
C.patterns
D.illustrations
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
A
Lateoneautumndayattheaquaticcenter（水上运动中心）inAncenis,France,somethingwentquietly,horriblywrong.An18-year-oldnamedJean-FrancoisLeRoywasaregular,comingoftenintheearlyeveningstoswiminthe25-meterpool.Drowningsareoftendifficulttospot.Mostarenear-silentincidentswherethevictimquicklysinksoutofview.Onthisparticulardaymaybethelifeguardsweren'tpayingascloseattentionastheyshouldhavebeen.Certainlytheybeliev
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