全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题参考答案.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题参考答案
2019考研英语二试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHET(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethatit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformetollmyweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.
Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,howyouclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides
2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps
3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially
4.AloweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording
5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify
6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition
7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto
8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly
9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims
10.A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead
11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report
12.A.approveofB.holdontoC.accountforD.dependon
13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare
14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsDresults
15.AanxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored
16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle
17.A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request
18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing
19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if
20.A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,MaltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild'sdeprivation
"That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp____
A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopment
B)regulateachild'sbasicemotions
C)improveachild’sintellectualability
D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe____
A)inexcusable
B)deception
C)addictive
D)burdensome
23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat
A)emotionsaircontext-independent
B)anemotioncanplayopposingroles
C)emotionaresociallyconstructive
D)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing·
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveaets
25.Theword"transgressions"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto___
A.Teachings
B,discussions
C.Restrictions
D.D.wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap.butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,00by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions,That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.Califormia'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges,"theauthorimpliesthat_
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,"wemayneedto_
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
29.WhatisessentialtoCal