分析海明威的象征主义手法Word格式.docx

分析海明威的象征主义手法Word格式.docx

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象征主义

TheAnalysisoftheSymbolisminAFarewellToArms

ABSTRACT

AfarewelltoArmsisoneofthemostoutstandingworkswrittenbyHemingway.Thenovelisagreatmasterpieceindoomaswellasatragedyinmodernsense.ThisthesisiswrittentostudydifferentsymbolicmeaningandrevealthenewinsinuationofsymbolicobjectsbyfirstlyintroducingHemingwayandhislivingbackgrounds,thenanalysingdifferentcharactersandsimilaritiesofhisworks,reviewingthecontentsofAFarewelltoArms,andespeciallyfocusingonanalysingHenry,Catherine,therain,themountain,andthearms.

Thethesisiswrittentoenablereaderstogetabetterunderstandingofsymbolismpresentedinthisnovelandtocomprehendtheeternalcharmofthisnovel,knowingthegenuinepurposeofHemingway'

swriting.

Keywords:

Hemingway;

arms;

symbolism

CONTENTS

摘要I

ABSTRACTII

1INTRODUCTION1

1.1TheAuthor1

1.2IntroductionofHemingway'

sWorks2

2LITERATUREREVIEW4

2.1OverseasReview4

2.2DomesticReview4

3SYMBOLISMINAFAREWELLTOARMS6

3.1DefinitionofSymbolism6

3.2SymbolismofPersons6

3.1.1Henry6

3.1.2Catherine9

3.3SymbolismofNatureEnvironment………………………………………………11

3.1.1TheRain13

3.1.2TheMountain15

3.4SymbolismofArms16

4CONCLUSION19

BIBLIOGRAPHY20

1INTRODUCTION

1.1IntroductionoftheAuthor

1920swasreallyatumultuoustimesduringwhichalotofremarkablewritersappearedliketheshootingbamboosafterthespringrain,suchasScottFitzgerald,WilliamFaulknerandErnestHemingway.ManyofopuswrittenbythemwasbasedupontheWorldWar

.Amongtheseoutstandingwriters,ErnestHemingway,insomeaspects,isthemosteminentone.

Hemingway'

scareerincludesfourmarriages（andthreedivorces）;

serviceasanambulancedriverfortheItaliansintheWorldWar

（withanhonorablewound）;

activityasawarcorrespondentintheGreek-TurkishWar（1922）,theSpanishCivilWar（1937-1939）,theChineseJapaneseWar（1941）andtheWarAgainstHitler（1942-1945）.Addbig-gamehuntingandfishing,safaris,expatriationinFranceandCuba,bullfighting,NobelPrize,theUltimatesuicideinIdaho.Andyouhaveanabsurdlyimplausiblelife,apparentlylivedinimitationofHemingway'

sownfiction.（HaroldBloom,ed.ModernCriticalViews:

ErnestHemingway.NewYork:

ChelseaHousePublishers,1987,p.5.）

AftertheWorldWar1hadbrokenout,HemingwayjoinedtheservicearmyofAmericanRedCrossSociety.HewasthenseriouslyinjuredbyanexplodingbombinanightwhenhewasthrowinghimselfintotheItalyWar.Afterthewar,Hemingwaywasgrantedasilvermedal.Alongwiththeglory,237piecesofscarsandindeliblydemonicmemoryofwarweredeeplyengravedinhisbodyandmind.

ItwassaidthatwhenHemingwayreturnedhome,neitherdidhewanttofindajob,nordidhewanttostudyinauniversity.Heconfinedhimselftoexhaustion,dissatisfactionandannoyance.ItwasthefirstWorldWar

whichtoldaboutthetruthofthegenerationwhohadfoughtforit,andwhoselife,becauseofit,hadbeenwrenchedfromtheexpectedpatternandtheoldvalue.HemingwayhimselftheninTheSunAlsoRises,1926depictedapictureofthedepravedyoungAmericansandexpatriations--the"

LostGeneration"

asGertrudeSteindefinedthem.

sWorks

Hemingway,asarepresentativeofthe"

wroteaseriesbooksbasedonhisownexperiences,suchasthelongnovels:

InOurTime（1925）,TheTorrentsofSpring（1926）,TheSunAlsoRises（1926）,AFarewelltoArms（1929）,ForWhomTheBellTolls（1940）,TheOldManandtheSea（1952）;

theshortstories:

MenWithoutWomen（1927）,TheWinnerTakeNothing（1933）,TheFifthColumnandFirstForty-MineStories（1938）andsoon.

TheplotandsituationHemingwaywroteinhisnovelareoftenfierce,sometimesfloodingwithbrutalcharacters.InTheSunAlsoRises,thehard-drinkingandsexuallypromiscuousworldcouldbesensedineverycorner;

thechaoticandunmercifulworldofwar,asinForWhomtheBellTolls,AfarewelltoArms.InhisintroductiontoMenatWar（1942）,Hemingwaywrote:

"

learningtosuspendyourimaginationandlivecompletelyintheverysecondofthepresentminutewithnobeforeandnoafteristhegreatestgiftasoldiercanargue."

（JamesD.Hart,TheOxfordCompaniontoAmericanLiterature.5thed.Oxford:

OxfordUniversityPress,1983,p.327.）ThatisaworldGoddiscarded,menwerehopelessbuttodragoutanignobleexistence.

AmongwhichisthemostpersuasivetotheWorldWar

isAFarewelltoArms.WorldWar1indeeddominatedmanyofthemythsoftwentiescenturyprofoundly,particularlyasreflectedinthewritingoftwentiesandthirties.AFarewelltoArmsisinmanywaysparadigmaticofthefictionoftheGreatWar.

2LITERATUREREVIEW

2.1OverseasReview

AFarewelltoArmsisanovelsetduringtheItalianCampaignofWorldWar

.Thebook,publishedin1929,isafirst-personaccountofAmericanFredericHenry,servingasalieutenant（"

Tenet"

）intheambulancecorpsofItalianarmy.Thetitleistakenfromapoemby16thcenturyEnglishdramatistGeorgePeele.

SomeadopttheattitudeofnegatingHenry.Forinstance,aRussiancriticthinksthatHenryisapessimisticpacifist,whoescapesnotonlyfromthefront,butalsofromthesociety.（JayGellen,ed.TwentiethCenturyInterpretationsofAFarewelltoArms;

ACollectionofCriticalEssays.EnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey;

Prentice-Hall,1970,p.10）MichaelS.ReynoldsholdsthatHenryisanegotist,whoseactionsareself-centered,althoughhecanbeconsiderateofCatherinewhenthereisnothingelsetodistracthim.Hesays:

Frederic'

sprogressinthenovelisfromgroupparticipationtototalisolation;

thisprogressisthecentralactionofthenovelanddefinesFredericasthecentralcharactereventhoughheisnotthehero'

.（MichaelS.Reynolds,Hemingway'

sFirstWar;

TheMakingofAfarewelltoArms.Oxford:

BasilBlackwellLtd.,1987,p.271）DelbertWylderinsiststhatHenryisanantiherowholackscourageandcompetence.（DelbertWylder,Hemingway'

sHeroes.Albuquerque:

UniversityofNewMexicoPress,1970,p.32）RobertWilliamLewispointsoutthatHenryisnotanidealist,butapragmatist,whosestandardofjudgmentissuccessinachievingsomepracticalordesiredend.Heharshlyremarks,"

Reactiveratherthanactive,seekingpleasureforhimselfratherthanothers,andunderhandedratherthanhonestarethenon-heroiccharacteristicsoftherogueFrederichasbeen,asEttoreimpliesandashisconductdemonstrates,aboozerandwhore-hound.（RobertWilliamLewis,AFarewelltoArms:

TheWaroftheWords.NewYork:

NewYorkTwaynePublishers,1992,p.61.）Inaddition,someothercriticsthinksthatHenryisahedonist,apessimist,anescapistandthelike.Somecriticseventhinkthattherearenoheroesatallinthenovel.（JayGellen,ed.TwentiethCenturyInterpretationofAFarewelltoArms:

ACollectionofCriticalEssays,p.47.）AlixWilberoncesaidinhisVoicesinWartime:

Hemingwaywasnotknownforeitherunbridledoptimismorhappyendings,andAFarewelltoArms,likehisothernovels（ForWhomtheBellTolls,TheSunAlsoRises,andTohaveandHaveNot）,offersneither.Whatitdoesprovideisanunblinkingportrayalofmenandwomenbehavingwithgraceunderpressure,bothphysicalandpsychological,andsomehowfindingthecouragetogooninthefaceofcertaindanger.

2.2DomesticReview

Apartfromtheremarksbyoverseasscholars,therearealsosomeviewpointscomingfromdomesticscholars.LiAng,afamousscholar,hasexploredthepredestinationconceptionreflectedinAFarewelltoArmsbyanalysingtheplots,thedescriptionofenvironment,proposingthatHemingwayhadhisownphilosophyofliving,andhencepavingawayforhissubsequentlifestyle.（李昂，《分析<

永别了，武器>

的宿命论》，2006）LiNanhasdemonstratedthestrongsenseoftragedyinthenovelthroughexplainingthecrueltyofthewarandtheunfortunateexperienceoftheprotagonists.（李楠，《<

的悲剧色彩》，2008）YangWenguangbelievesthatthestyleoficebergcanbeseeneverywhereinAFarewelltoArms,hesays:

Hemingwayhascreatedauniquestyle,thestyleoficeberg,inwhichhefollowstheprincipleofomission,adoptsimagesexpressedinlanguageofvitality,allofwhichgivethenovelaneverlastingpositionworldliterature."

（杨翁光，OntheIdeasandArtinHemingway'

sAFarewelltoArms,2002.）

TakingageneralviewofstudiesofAFarewelltoarmsbyscholarshomeandabroad,Iholdmypointofviewthatthewritingofthenovel,toagreatextent,appliesthetechniqueofsymbolismandthereforereachesasuperbstate.Thisthesiswilllaterfocusondiscussingsymbolismrepresentedinthenovel.

3SYMBOLISMINAFAREWELLTOARMS

3.1DefinitionofSymbolism

Symbolismishabituallyusedtoanalysispoemandprose.Itistheuseofsymbols,oftentocommunicateextrasensorymeaningorsignificance.（Harmon,William,andC.HughHolman.HandbooktoLiterature,8thedition.N.J.:

PrenticeHall,2000.P.507.）

Togetabettercomprehensionofthefunctionofsymbolism,afullyunderstandingofartisticconceptionisindispensable.Theartisticconceptionisofastateandtonewhenliteratureandartisticworksareexpressedbyimagedescription,ofaimageblendingwithdeficiencyandexcessrepresentedbythelyricworks,andofaspaceforartisticappreciation.（www.H）Therefore,thatistosay,symbolism,percepti