数据模型与决策运筹学课后习题和案例答案017sWord文档下载推荐.docx

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数据模型与决策运筹学课后习题和案例答案017sWord文档下载推荐.docx

17s.3-2Anonnegativeslackvariableimpliesthattheleft-handsideisnotlargerthantheright-handside.

17s.3-3FortheWyndorproblem,theslackvariablesrepresentunusedproductiontimesinthevariousplants.

17s.3-4Itismuchsimplerforanalgebraicproceduretodealwithequationsthanwithinequalities.

17s.3-5Anonbasicvariablehasavalueofzero.

17s.3-6Abasicfeasiblesolutionissimplyacornerpointthathasbeenaugmentedbyincludingthevaluesoftheslackvariables.

17s.3-7Asurplusvariablegivestheamountbywhichtheleft-handsideofa≥constraintexceedstheright-handside.

17s.4-1

(1)Determinetheenteringbasicvariable;

(2) 

determinetheleavingbasicvariable;

(3) 

Solveforthenewbasicfeasiblesolution

17s.4-2Theenteringbasicvariableisthecurrentnonbasicvariablethatshouldbecomeabasicvariableforthenextbasicfeasiblesolution.Amongthenonbasicvariableswithanegativecoefficientinequation0,choosetheonewhosecoefficienthasthelargestabsolutevaluetobetheenteringbasicvariable.

17s.4-3Theleavingbasicvariableisthecurrentbasicvariablethatshouldbecomeanonbasicvariableforthenextbasicfeasiblesolution.Foreachequationthathasastrictlypositivecoefficient(neitherzeronornegative)fortheenteringbasicvariable,taketheratiooftheright-handsidetothiscoefficient.Identifytheequationthathastheminimumratio,andselectthebasicvariableinthisequationtobetheleavingbasicvariable.

17s.4-4Theinitializationstepsetsuptostarttheiterationsandfindstheinitialbasicfeasiblesolution.

17s.4-5Examinethecurrentequation0.Ifnoneofthenonbasicvariableshaveanegativecoefficient,thenthecurrentbasicfeasiblesolutionisoptimal.

17s.4-6

(1)Equation0doesnotcontainanybasicvariables;

(2)eachoftheotherequationscontainsexactlyonebasicvariable;

(3)anequation’sonebasicvariablehasacoefficientof1;

(4)anequation’sonebasicvariabledoesnotappearinnanyotherequation.

17s.4-7Thetabularformperformsexactlythesamestepsasthealgebraicform,butrecordstheinformationmorecompactly.

Problems

17s.1

GettingStarted:

Select(0,0)astheinitialcornerpoint.

CheckingforOptimality:

Both(0,3)and(3,0)havebetterobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=6and9,respectively),so(0,0)isnotoptimal.

MovingOn:

(3,0)isthebestadjacentcornerpoint,somoveto(3,0).

(2,2)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Z=10),so(3,0)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(3,0)to(2,2).

(0,3)haslowerobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=6),so(2,2)isoptimal.

17s.2

Both(0,2.667)and(4,0)havebetterobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=5.333and4,respectively),so(0,0)isnotoptimal.

(0,2.667)isthebestadjacentcornerpoint,somoveto(0,2.667).

(2,2)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Z=6),so(0,2.667)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(0,2.667)to(2,2).

(4,0)hasalowerobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=4),so(2,2)isoptimal.

17s.3

Both(0,5)and(4,0)havebetterobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=10and12,respectively),so(0,0)isnotoptimal.

(4,0)isthebestadjacentcornerpoint,somoveto(4,0).

(4,2)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Z=16),so(4,0)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(4,0)to(4,2).

(3,4)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Z=17),so(4,2)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(4,2)to(3,4).

(0,5)hasalowerobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=10),so(3,4)isoptimal.

17s.4a)

Both(2,0)and(0,5)havebetterobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=4and5,respectively),so(0,0)isnotoptimal.

(0,5)isthebestadjacentcornerpoint,somoveto(0,5).

(2,5)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Z=9),so(0,5)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(0,5)to(2,5).

CheckingforOptimality:

(2,0)hasalowerobjectivefunctionvalues(Z=4),so(2,5)isoptimal.

b)GettingStarted:

Movingtowardeither(2,0)or(0,5)improvestheobjectivefunctionvalue,so(0,0)isnotoptimal.

Movingtoward(2,0)improvestheobjectivefunctionfasterthanmovingtoward(0,5)(arateof2vs.arateof1),somoveto(2,0).

Movingtoward(2,5)improvestheobjectivefunctionvalue,so(2,0)isnotoptimal.

Movefrom(2,0)to(2,5).

Movingtoward(0,5)lowerstheobjectivefunctionvalues,so(2,5)isoptimal.

17s.5a)

b)Theeightcornerpointsare(x1,x2,x3)=(0,0,0),(0,0,1),(0,1,0),(0,1,1),(1,0,0),(1,0,1),(1,1,0),and(1,1,1).

c)ObjectiveFunction:

Profit=x1+2x2+3x3

OptimalSolution:

(x1,x2,x3)=(1,1,1)andProfit=6.

CornerPoint(x1,x2,x3)

Profit=x1+2x2+3x3

(0,0,0)

(0,0,1)

3

(0,1,0)

2

(0,1,1)

5

(1,0,0)

1

(1,0,1)

4

(1,1,0)

(1,1,1)

6

d)Thesimplexmethodwouldstartat(0,0,0),movetothebestadjacentcornerpointat(0,0,1),thento(0,1,1),andfinallytotheoptimalsolutionat(1,1,1).

17s.6a)

b)Thetencornerpointsare(x1,x2,x3)=(0,0,0),(2,0,0),(2,2,0),(1,3,0),(0,3,0),(0,0,2),(2,0,2),(2,2,2),(1,3,2),(0,3,2)

Profit=2x1+x2–x3

(x1,x2,x3)=(2,2,0)andProfit=6.

Profit=2x1+x2–x3

(2,0,0)

(2,2,0)

(1,3,0)

(0,3,0)

(0,0,2)

–2

(2,0,2)

(2,2,2)

(1,3,2)

(0,3,2)

d)Thesimplexmethodwouldstartat(0,0,0),movetothebestadjacentcornerpointat(2,0,0),andthentotheoptimalsolutionat(2,2,0).

17s.7a)s1=10–x2

s2=20–2x1–x2

b)s1≥ 

0ands2≥0.

c)x2+s1=10

2x1+x2+s2=20

d)Valuesoftheslackvariablesat(x1,x2)=(10,0)ares1=10ands2=0.

Theequationsfortheconstraintboundarylinesonwhich(10,0)liesare

x2=0

2x1+x2=20

Thecorrespondingbasicfeasiblesolutionis(x1,x2,s1,s2)=(10,0,10,0).

Thebasicvariablesarex1ands1;

thenonbasicvariablesarex2ands2.

17s.8a)25x1+40x2+50x3≤ 

500.

b)s≥0.

c)s=0.

17s.9a)ObjectiveFunction:

Profit=2x1+x2

(x1,x2)=(4,3)andProfit=11

CornerPoint(x1,x2)

Profit=2x1+x2

(0,0)

(5,0)

10

(4,3)

11

(0,5)

b)Thegraphicalsimplexmethodwouldstartat(0,0),movetothebestadjacentcornerpointat(5,0),andfinallymovetotheoptimalsolutionat(4,3).

c)3x1+2x2+s1=15

x1+2x2+s2=10

d)

BasicFeasibleSolution(x1,x2,s1,s2)

BasicVariables

NonbasicVariables

(0,0,15,10)

s1,s2

x1,x2

(5,0,0,5)

x1,s2

x2,s1

(4,3,0,0)

(0,5,5,0)

e)Thegraphicalsimplexmethodwouldstartat(0,0,15,10),movetothebestadjacentcornerpointat(5,0,0,5),andfinallymovetotheoptimalsolutionat(4,3,0,0).

17s.10a)s1=2x1+3x2–21.

s2=5x1+3x2–30.

c)2x1+3x2–s1=21.

5x1+3x2–s2=30.

d)Valuesofthesurplusvariablesat(x1,x2)=(3,5)ares1=0ands2=0.

Theequationsfortheconstraintboundarylinesonwhich(3,5)liesare

2x1+3x2=21

5x1+3x2=30

Thecorrespondingbasicfeasiblesolutionis(x1,x2,s1,s2)=(3,5,0,0).

Thebasicvariablesarex1andx2;

thenonbasicvariablesares1ands2.

17s.11a)20x1+10x2≥100.

17s.12a)

Select(16,0)astheinitialcornerpoint.(Cost=32.)

Both(15,0)and(0,24)havebetterobjectivefunctionvalues(Cost=30and24,respectively),so(16,0)isnotoptimal.

(0,24)isthebestadjacentcornerpoint,somoveto(0,24).(Cost=24.)

(0,20)hasabetterobjectivefunctionvalue(Cost=20),so(0, 

24)isnotoptimal.

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