普地实习报告.docx

普地实习报告.docx

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普地实习报告

江苏及邻近地区

普通地质认识实习报告

姓名：

多明亮

学号：

121150012

专业：

地球物理

指导教师：

解国爱

组号：

第四组

小组人数:

5

院系：

地球科学与工程学院

学校：

南京大学

2013 年 7 月 30 日

前言..................................................................................................................................6

第一章 岩石 ....................................................................................................................6

第一节 沉积岩与沉积构造............................................................................................7

（一）陆源沉积岩与沉积物..................................................................................7

（二）内源沉积岩..................................................................................................9

（三）火山物源沉积岩........................................................................................10

（四）沉积构造 ...................................................................................................11

第二节 火成岩与火山机构..........................................................................................13

（一）侵入岩 .......................................................................................................13

（二）熔岩与火山机构........................................................................................14

第三节 变质岩 .............................................................................................................14

（一） 接触变质岩..............................................................................................14

（二）区域动力变质岩........................................................................................15

第二章 地层 ..................................................................................................................16

第一节 前寒武系 .........................................................................................................16

第二节 古生界 .............................................................................................................17

（一） 志留系 .....................................................................................................17

（二） 泥盆系 .....................................................................................................18

（三） 石炭系 .....................................................................................................18

（四） 二叠系 .....................................................................................................20

第三节 中生界 .............................................................................................................21

（一） 三叠系 .....................................................................................................21

（二） 侏罗系 .....................................................................................................22

（三） 白垩系 .....................................................................................................22

第四节 新生界 .............................................................................................................23

（一）新近系 .......................................................................................................23

第三章 构造地质 ...........................................................................................................23

第一节 褶皱 .................................................................................................................24

1、孔山背斜 .........................................................................................................24

2、陡山——獐龙山向斜......................................................................................24

第二节 断层 .................................................................................................................25

（一）正断层 .......................................................................................................25

（二） 逆断层 .....................................................................................................27

（三） 平移断层 .................................................................................................27

第三节 节理 .................................................................................................................28

（一） 柱状节理 .................................................................................................28

（二）大石碑节理................................................................................................29

（三）天平山节理................................................................................................29

（四）虎丘节理 ...................................................................................................29

第四章 其他 ..................................................................................................................30

第一节 水文与地质工程..............................................................................................30

（一） 水文 .........................................................................................................30

（二） 工程地质 .................................................................................................30

第二节 矿产 .................................................................................................................31

（一）非金属矿产................................................................................................31

（二） 燃料 .........................................................................................................31

（三） 催化剂（钢铁冶炼）..............................................................................31

第五章 地质发展史 .......................................................................................................31

第一节 南京湖山地区志留纪——三叠纪地质发展史 ..............................................31

第二节 六合方山火山活动史......................................................................................32

第六章 外动力地质作用................................................................................................32

第一节 海洋外动力地质作用......................................................................................32

（一） 海岸 .........................................................................................................32

（二） 海蚀地貌 .................................................................................................33

（三） 沉积作用（潮汐作用和搬运作用）与潮间带沉积 ..............................33

（四） 潮间带生物..............................................................................................33

第二节  大陆外动力地质作用....................................................................................34

（一） 风化剥蚀作用..........................................................................................34

（二） 生物的机械风化作用............................................................................34

后记................................................................................................................................34

参考资料 ........................................................................................................................34

图表目录

图 1 实习地区交通图 ......................................................................................................6

图 2 五通群底部砾岩 ......................................................................................................7

图 3 擂鼓台组石英砂岩...................................................................................................8

图 4 高骊山组杂色页岩...................................................................................................9

图 5 栖霞组燧石结核灰岩 .............................................................................................10

图 7 方山火山弹 ............................................................................................................11

图 8 坟头组斜层理 ........................................................................................................12

图 9 坟头组斜层理素描图 .............................................................................................12

图 10 雨花台组斜层理素描图 .......................................................................................13

图 11 方山上橄榄玄武岩...............................................................................................14

图 12 细粒白云母片岩 ..................................................................................................15

图 13 连云港东西连岛地层剖面示意图 ........................................................................16

图 14 张八岭地层剖面图................................................................................................17

图 15 古泉水库志留—泥盆地层剖面示意图 .................................................................18

图 16 55.8 高地-湖山公路泥盆-二叠纪地层认识路线 ....................................................20

图 17 波门段瘤状灰岩 ..................................................................................................21

图 18 棒槌山西侧孤峰-黄马青地层剖面示意图.............................................................22

图 19 山头窪背斜地质剖面示意图.................................................................................24

图 20 山-獐龙山褶皱构造地质剖面示意图 ....................................................................25

图 21 大石碑正断层 .......................................................................................................26

图 22 大石碑正断层素描图 ............................................................................................26

图 23 虎丘正断层 ...........................................................................................................27

图 24 培山断层剖面示意图 ...........................................................................................28

图 25 玄武岩柱状节理 ...................................................................................................29

图 26 天平山一线天 .......................................................................................................29

图 27 虎丘张节理裂隙水................................................................................................30

图 28 虎丘斜塔.........................................................................