高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练3.docx

高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练3.docx

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高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练3

2014高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练（3）及答案

阅读理解

（二）-----A

Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedayssincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled－to$1.01perpack－smokershavejammedtelephone“quitlines”acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit.

Thisisnotasurprisetopublichealthadvocates.They'vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforyears，findingthatsmokers，especiallyteens，arepricesensitive.Norisitashocktotheindustry，whichfiercelyfightseverytaxincrease.

Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth，theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly，theydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens，whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely.

InManhattan，forinstance，whichhasthehighesttaxinthenation，apackofMarlboroLightKings，cost$10.06atonedrugstoreWednesday.InCharleston，S.C.，wherethe7centapacktaxisthelowestinthenation，thepricewas$4.78.

Theinfluenceisobvious.

InNewYork，highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys－13.8%，farbelowthenationalaverage.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky.Otherlowtaxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteensmokingrecords.

HalRogers，RepresentativefromKentucky，likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes，arguesthattheburdenofthetaxfallsonlowincomeAmericans“whochoosetosmoke.”

That'strue.Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerationsoflowincomeworkersfromgettinghookedinthefirstplace.Asfortoday'sadults，ifthenewtaxdrivesthemtoquit，theywillhavemoretospendontheirfamilies，cuttheirriskofcancerandheartdiseaseandfeelbetter.

【语篇解读】烟草税增加后，取得了立竿见影的效果——许多烟民纷纷戒烟。

然而有些地方却对此充耳不闻，中学生吸烟的比例居高不下。

本文让我们意识到：

从长远看，通过增加烟草税而使人们戒烟是泽被千家万户的大事。

1．Thetextismainlyabout________.

A．thepriceofcigarettes

B．therateofteensmoking

C．theeffectoftobaccotaxincrease

D．thedifferencesintobaccotaxrate

解析　主旨大意题。

本文主要谈论的是烟草税增加后取得的明显效果以及给人们带来的益处。

A、B、D三项均为文章的某一方面。

答案　C

2．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasurprise?

A．Teensmokersarepricesensitive.

B．Somestatesstillkeepthetobaccotaxlow.

C．Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth.

D．Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightsthetaxrise.

解析　事实细节题。

由第三段第一句可知，唯一让人吃惊的是，有些州对此充耳不闻，也就是继续保持低烟草税。

答案　B

3．Rogers'attitudetowardsthelowincomesmokersmightbethatof________.

A．toleranceB．unconcern

C．doubtD．sympathy

解析　推理判断题。

Roger认为高烟草税是把税收负担加到了低收入的烟民身上，故应该持同情态度。

答案　D

4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A．Thenewtaxwillbebeneficialinthelongrun.

B．LowincomeAmericansaremorelikelytofallill.

C．Futuregenerationswillbehookedonsmoking.

D．Adultswilldependmoreontheirfamilies.

解析　推理判断题。

由全文最后一句可知，增加烟草税促使烟民戒烟，可让他们有更多的时间与家人团聚，减少癌症和心脏病的发病率，从长远看，是一件有益的事情。

答案　A

高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-----A

Morethan17,000flightstoandfromEuropeanairspacewerecancelled,includingallflightsfromBritain’smajorairports.

TheMetofficereportedthatvolcanicashhadbeguntofallacrossBritain,coatingsurfaceswithafinelayerofdustandraisingfearsforpeoplewithbreathingdifficulties.

MeanwhileexpertswarnedofshortagesofsomefoodswithproducedestinedforBritishshopsinairportwarehousesinotherpartsoftheworld.

Geologistsreportedthatactivityatthevolcanoincreasedyesterday,spewingaplumeofash5.3mileshighintotheatmosphere.

TheIcelandicMeteorologicalOfficesaidthewindsblowingthevolcanicashsoutheasttoEuropeandupintoScandinaviaandRussiawillcontinueinthesamedirectionforatleasttwodaysandcouldgoonuntilWednesday.Butscientistsfeartherecouldbemoreeruptionsfromthe5，466-footvolcano,MountEyjafjallajkull.

Auniversitygeophysicistsaid：

“Fromwhatwe’veseen,itcoulderupt，pauseforafewweeks，andthenpossiblyeruptagain.Itcouldgoonformonths.”Asthenoflyzoneexpandedyesterday,sodidthechaos.TheIcelandicvolcanocausingtravelchaosacrossEuropecouldgooneruptingformonths,geologistshavewarned.

TheNationalAirTrafficControlService（Nats）extendedrestrictionsonflightsfromBritishairportsto7p.m.onSunday,withtheexpectationoffurtherextensions.

Ferryoperatorshavereportedrecordbookings.P&Otook6,000footpassengersacrossthechannelonFridaycomparedtothe100to200itwouldexpectonanormalFridayinApril.

Eurostartrainswerefullybookeduntiltomorrow,with50,000morepassengersthannormalsincetheairlinedisruption（中断）beganonThursday，includingcomedianJohnCleesewhoarrivedbackinLondonlastnightafteramostdifficultoverlandjourneyfromSwitzerland.

Theoperatorischargingpassengersaminimum£223forasingleticketfromParistoLondonoverthenexttwodayspromptingcriticismsofprofiteering.Areturnticketcannormallybeboughtforaslittleas£69.Eurostardenieditwascashingin.some4,000BritishtouristshavebeenstrandedinSouthAfrica.

TheBritishEmbassyinAthenssaidtherewerecurrently“manythousand”BritishholidaymakerstryingtoleaveGreeceaftertheholidays,inmanycasesanxioustogetbackintimeforthestartoftheschooltermthisweek，withsomeofthosedesperatetoreturnresortingtorentingcarsorembarkingonlongtrainsjourneys.

1.Whereisthevolcano,MountEyjafjallajkulllocated?

A.England.B.Ireland.C.Iceland.D.Switzerland.

答案解析：

答案为C。

本题为细节题。

由第六段“TheIcelandicvolcano…”可知，答案为C。

2.TheworstaffectedproblemformostoftheEuropeansduringtheeruptionwas_______.

A.breathingdifficultiesB.shortagesoffood

C.theairlinedisruptionD.afinelayerofdust

答案解析：

答案为A。

本题为细节推理题。

由第一、二段可知，火山喷发导致了欧洲航班取消、火山灰从天空落下、地上铺满了火山灰等问题，然而最严重的问题是第二段提到的“…andraisingfearsforpeoplewithbreathingdifficulties.”呼吸困难引起了人们的恐惧，这威胁到人们的生命安全，故答案为A。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"chaos"meaninPara6?

A.Danger.B.Anxiety.C.Desperation.D.Disorder.

答案解析：

答案为D。

本题为词义猜测题。

结合划线词语的下文“TheIcelandicvolcanocausingtravelchaosacrossEuropecouldgooneruptingformonths….”可以推断，欧洲的火山可能会喷发几个月，它导致了旅行混乱（disorder.），故答案为D。

A选项“danger”意为“危险”，B选项“anxiety”意为“焦虑”，C选项“desperation”意为“绝望”，均不符合文意，故不选。

4.Fromthepassage,weknowthatthevolcanoeruption_________.

A.forcedallthepeopletogobackhome

B.broughtthetraincompanyalargeprofit

C.made6,000passengerstakeshipstocrosstheChannel

D.preventedBritishstudentsfromgoingtoschoolontime

答案解析：

答案为B。

本题为推理题。

由第九段“Eurostartrainswerefullybookeduntiltomorrow,with50,000morepassengersthannormalsincetheairlinedisruptionbeganonThursday…”可知，自从航空线中断后，Eurostar火车票订购爆满，比通常多50,000名乘客，因此可以推断，火山喷发给火车公司带来了大量利润，故答案为B。

A选项表达有误。

由第八段“Ferryoperatorshavereportedrecordbookings.P&Otook6,000footpassengersacrossthechannelonFriday…”可知，在周五有6,000旅客乘坐渡船过海峡，可以推断，其他时间也有旅客乘坐渡船，故C选项的人数表达有误。

由最后一段“TheBritishEmbassyinAthenssaidtherewerecurrently“manythousand”BritishholidaymakerstryingtoleaveGreeceaftertheholidays,inmanycasesanxioustogetbackintimeforthestartoftheschooltermthisweek…”可知，外面度假的英国人努力离开希腊，其中很多人是为了及时赶上本周开学的时间，故D选项“阻止了英国学生按时上学”错误。

较难题目特训：

科普知识类

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri（MU）researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.

“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity（密度）,”saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope（放射性同位素）batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”

Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems（M/NEMS）.Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.

“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,“hesaid.“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.“

Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor（半导体）.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.

“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶格结构）ofthesolidsemiconductor.“Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”

TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?

A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.

B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.

C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.

D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.

2.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4　　　.　

A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied

B.toindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused

C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem

D.tointroducevariousenergysources

3.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto　　　.　

A.getridoftheradioactivewaste

B.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries

C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteries

D.reducethedamagetolatticestructure

4.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery