七年级地理下册第四节-澳大利亚PPT文档格式.ppt

七年级地理下册第四节-澳大利亚PPT文档格式.ppt

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认识澳大利亚采矿业对经济的影响。

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据统计，全球有袋类动物150种，大部分分布在澳大利亚；

澳大利亚还有特有鸟类450种，特有植物9000种。

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在今天看来，它们虽然显得原始，但是却成为人类研究地球演化历史的活化石。

澳大利亚大陆孤立地存在于大洋之中，由于自然条件过于单调，动物进化速度缓慢，再加上没有大型野生食肉动物的存在，使许多珍奇古老的物种保存至今，成为人类研究地球演化历史的活化石。

澳大利亚大陆独处在南半球的海洋上已经有6500万年了。

想想这对澳大利亚的生物进化论有什么影响？

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1.三大牧羊带,澳大利亚充分利用不同地区的自然条件，因地制宜地发展养羊业，形成了三个不同的牧羊带。

由东南和西南沿海向内陆依次为羊、牛与经济作物混合经营带，绵羊与小麦混合经营带和粗放牧羊带。

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主要分布在中部平原和西部高原区。

看图，说出澳大利亚的大致纬度范围。

阅读书上P70的材料，看看澳大利亚的温度条件是否都适合发展养羊业？

澳大利亚大部分在10S40S，多属热带和亚热带，气温普遍较高，适合发展养羊业。

看图，说出澳大利亚的牧羊带与年降水量分布的关系。

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东南部夏季多雨，西南部冬季多雨，发展绵羊与小麦的混合农业带；

东南沿海山地降水丰富，但平原面积小，发展羊、牛与经济作物混合经营带。

养羊业产业化、机械化程度高，耗用劳力少。

所产羊肉和羊毛主要用于出口，商品率很高。

2.养羊业特点,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.养羊业地位,在第二次世界大战前，澳大利亚的农牧业是国民经济的主导产业，养羊业在国民经济中占有重要地位。

第二次世界大战后，澳大利亚工矿业、服务业发展迅速，农牧业在国民经济中的地位下降。

但是，澳大利亚养羊业在世界上的地位依然重要。

“坐在矿车上的国家”,1.矿产资源丰富,澳大利亚矿产资源丰富，品种多。

很多矿产的储量居世界前列，品质优、埋藏浅，易开采。

2.工业,依托丰富的矿产资源，澳大利亚发展了采矿业。

澳大利亚采矿业经营物模大，采用现代管理方法和机械化、自动化生产，矿产资源的开采效率和利用效率很高，而且非常注意环境保护。

在采矿业的基础上，澳大利亚也发展了冶金业。

冶炼金属,机械制造,开采矿石,工矿业发达,看图，找出主要冶金工业中心以及该中心附近对应的矿产资源；

说出主要冶金中心的分布特点。

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达尔文（铀、铁矿）、墨尔本（煤炭、石油）、堪培拉（煤炭、石油）、悉尼（煤炭、石油）、纽卡斯尔（煤炭）、布里斯班（煤炭）、罗克汉普顿（煤炭、铀、铜）、阿德莱德（煤炭、石油、铁矿、锰）。

主要冶金中心分布特点：

分布在沿海地区，利用矿产品或其加工产品的出口。

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由于矿产品出口占商品出口总额的比重很大，澳大利亚也被称为“坐在矿车上的国家”。

4.服务业,20世纪70年代以来，澳大利亚的服务业发展迅速，超过工业和农牧业，成为澳大利亚的经济支柱。

澳大利亚的采矿业和冶金业在国民经济中的地位有所下降。

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袋鼠、鸸鹋、考拉（树袋熊）、琴鸟、桉树、金合欢,产品：

羊肉和羊毛,优势条件：

矿产资源丰富，品种多、品质优、埋藏浅、易开采,特点：

经营规模大，开采效率和利用效率高，注意环境保护,“坐在矿车上的国家”,位置：

独占一个大陆，东临太平洋，西临、南临印度洋,养羊业特点：

因地制宜形成了三个不同的牧羊带，养羊产业化、机械化程度高，耗用劳动力少,“骑在羊背上的国家”,相关工业：

发达的采矿业和冶金业,矿产出口：

中国、印度、日本、韩国等,课堂练习,1.下列不属于澳大利亚代表性动物的是（）A袋鼠B树袋熊C鸸鹋D长颈鹿,D,2.下列关于澳大利亚的叙述，不正确的是（）A独自占有一个大陆B有许多古老的物种C被称为“骑在羊背上的国家”D人口和城市主要分布在西北沿海,D,3.澳大利亚是发达的资本主义国家。

下列各项与澳大利亚相符的是（）南半球的国家高度商品化的农牧业以温带气候类型为主有许多的古老动物,如鸭嘴兽、袋鼠等地形分为北、中、南三大部分ABCD,D,4.澳大利亚被称为“坐在矿车上的国家”。

读图可知，澳大利亚矿产资源分布的特点是（）A东部铁，西部煤B东部煤，西部铁C北部铁，南部煤D东部铁，南部煤,B,声明本文件仅用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本司及相关权利人的合法权利。

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