英文短语动词Word下载.docx

英文短语动词Word下载.docx

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Notethatitispossibleforacombinationtohavetwoormoredifferentmeanings,andtobetransitiveinone/someoftheseandintransitiveinothers.

Forexample,takeoffcanmean'

remove'

.Itisthenatransitiveexpression:

Hetookoffhishat.

takeoffcanalsomean'

risefromtheground'

（usedofaircraft）.Hereitisintransitive:

Theplanetookoffatteno'

clock.

BTransitiveexpressions:

thepositionoftheobject

Nounobjectsareusuallyplacedattheendoftheseexpressions:

/amlookingformyglasses.

Withsomeexpressions,however,theycanbeplacedeitherattheendorimmediatelyaftertheverb,i.e.beforetheshortword.Wecansay:

HetookoffhiscoatorHetookhiscoatoff.Pronounobjectsaresometimesplacedattheendoftheexpression:

/amlookingforthem.Buttheyaremoreoftenplacedimmediatelyaftertheverb:

Hetookitoff.

Thispositionisusualbeforethefollowingshortwords:

up,down,in,out,away,offandon（exceptwhenusedintheexpressioncallon=visit）.

Examplesgivenoftheuseofeachexpressionwillshowallpossiblepositionsofnounorpronounobjectsinthefollowingway:

I'

llgivethisoldcoataway,（giveawaythisoldcoat/giveitaway）i.e.withthisexpressionthenounobjectcancomebeforeoraftertheaway;

thepronounobjectmustcomebeforetheaway.Whenonlyoneexampleisgiventhestudentmayassumethatthepronounobjecthasthesamepositionasthenounobject.

CWhentheseexpressionsarefollowedbyaverbobjectthegerundformoftheverbisused:

Hekeptonblowinghishorn.

Wheregerundsareusualthiswillbeshownbyexamples.Notethatsomeexpressionscanbefollowedbyaninfinitive:

Itisuptoyoutodecidethisforyourself.

Someoftheyoungermemberscalledontheministertoresign.

Thelecturersetouttoshowthatmostillnesseswereavoidable.

gooncanbefollowedbyeitherinfinitiveorgerundbutthereisaconsiderabledifferenceinmeaning.See270A.

363Verb+preposition/adverbcombinationsaccount

accountfor（tr）=giveagoodreasonfor,explainsatisfactorily（some

actionorexpenditure）:

Atreasurermustaccountforthemoneyhespends.Hehasbehavedinthemostextraordinaryway;

Ican'

taccountforhisactionsatall.

taccountforhisbehavinglikethat.

allow

allowfor（tr）=makeprovisioninadvancefor,takeintoaccount（usuallysomeadditionalrequirement,expenditure,delayetc.）:

Itis800kilometersandIdriveat100k.p.h.,soI'

llbethereineight

hours.~Butyou11havetoallowfordelaysgoingthroughtowns

andforstopsforrefuelling.

Allowingfordepreciationyourcarshouldbeworth£

2,000thistime

nextyear.

answer

answerback（intr）,answersomebodyback=answerareproofimpudently:

FATHER:

Whywereyousolatelastnight?

Youweren'

tintill2a.m.

SON:

Youshouldhavebeenasleep.

Don'

tanswermeback.Answermyquestion.

ask

askafter/forsomebody=askfornewsof:

/metTomattheparty;

heaskedafteryou.（askedhowyouwere/howyouweregettingon）

askfor

（a）=asktospeakto:

Gototheofficeandaskformysecretary.

（b）=request,demand:

Themenaskedformorepayandshorterhours.asksomeonein（objectbeforein）=invitehimtoenterthehouse:

Hedidn'

taskmein;

hekeptmestandingatthedoorwhileheread

themessage.

asksomeoneout（objectbeforeout）=invitesomeonetoanentertainmentortoameal（usuallyinapublicplace）:

Shehadalotoffriendsandwasusuallyaskedoutintheevenings,

sosheseldomspentaneveningathome.

back

backaway（intr）=stepormovebackslowly（becauseconfrontedbysomedangerorunpleasantness）:

Whenhetookagunouteveryonebackedawaynervously.

backout（intr）=withdraw（fromsomejointactionpreviouslyagreedon）,discontinueorrefusetoprovidepreviouslypromisedhelporsupport:

Heagreedtohelpbutbackedoutwhenhefoundhowdifficultitwas.

backsomebodyup=supportmorallyorverbally:

Theheadmasterneverbackeduphisstaff,（backedthemup）Ifa

parentcomplainedaboutateacherheassumedthattheteacherwasin

thewrong.be

beagainst（tr）=beopposedto（oftenusedwithgerund）:

mfordoingnothingtillthepolicearrive./I'

magainstdoing

anythingtillthepolicearrive.

beaway（intr）=beawayfromhome/thisplaceforatleastanight.

beback（intr）=havereturnedafteralongorshortabsence:

/wanttoseeMrsPitt.Isshein?

~

No,I'

mafraidshe'

soutatthemomentor

sawayfortheweekend.~

Whenwillshebeback?

She'

llbebackinhalfanhour/nextweek.

befor（tr）=beinfavourof（oftenusedwithgerund）.bein（intr）=beathome/inthisbulding.

beinfor（tr）=beabouttoencounter（usuallysomethingunpleasant）:

Didyoulistentotheweatherforecast?

I'

mafraidwe'

reinfora

bumpyflight.

Ifyouthinkthattheworkisgoingtobeeasyyou'

reinforashock.

beover（intr）=befinished:

Thestormisovernow;

wecangoon.

beout（intr）=beawayfromhome/fromthisbuildingforashorttime-notovernight.beup（intr）=beoutofbed:

Don'

texpecthertoanswerthedoorbellateighto'

clockonSunday

morning.Shewon'

tbeup.

beupto（tr）=bephysicallyorintellectuallystrongenough（toperformacertainaction）.Theobjectisusuallyit,thoughagerundispossible:

AfterhisillnesstheMinistercontinuedinofficethoughhewasno

longeruptothework/uptodoingthework.

beuptosomething/somemischief/sometrick/nogood=beoccupiedorbusywithsomemischievousact:

ttrusthim;

heisuptosomething/sometrick.

Theboysareveryquiet.Iwonderwhattheyareupto.

Notethattheobjectofuptohereisalwayssomeveryindefiniteexpressionsuchasthesegivenabove.Itisneverusedwithaparticularaction.

itisuptosomeone（oftenfollowedbyaninfinitive）=itishisresponsibilityorduty:

Itisuptothegovernmenttotakeactiononviolence.

IhavehelpedyouasmuchasIcan.Nowitisuptoyou.（Youmust

continuebyyourownefforts.）

bear

bearout（tr）=confirm:

Thisreportbearsoutmytheory,（bearsmytheoryout/bearsitout）

bearup（intr）=supportbadnewsbravely,hidefeelingsofgrief:

Thenewsofherdeathwasagreatshocktohimbutheboreupbravelyandnoneofusrealizedhowmuchhefeltit.

blow

blowout（tr）=extinguish（aflame）byblowing:

Thewindblewoutthecandle,（blewthecandleout/blewitout）

blowup（trorintr）

（a）=destroybyexplosion,explode,bedestroyed:

Theyblewupthebridgessothattheenemycouldn'

tfollowthem,（blewthebridgesup/blewthemup）Justaswegottothebridgeitblewup.

（b）=fillwithair,inflate,pumpup:

Thechildrenblewuptheirballoonsandthrewthemintotheair.

（blewtheballoonsup/blewthemup）

boil

boilaway（intr）=beboileduntilall（theliquid）hasevaporated:

Iputthekettleonthegasringandthenwentawayandforgotaboutit.

WhenIreturned,thewaterhadallboiledawayandtheflamehadburntaholeinthekettle.

boilover（intr）=toriseandflowoverthesidesofthecontainer（used

onlyofhotliquids）:

Themilkboiledoverandtherewasahorriblesmellofburning.

break

breakdownfigures=takeatotalandsub-divideitundervariousheadingssoastogiveadditionalinformation:

Yousaythat10,000peopleusethislibrary.Couldyoubreakthat

downintoage-groups?

（sayhowmanyoftheseareunder25,over

50etc.）

breakdownadooretc.=causetocollapsebyusingforce:

Thefiremenhadtobreakdownthedoortogetintotheburning

house,（breakthedoordown/breakitdown）

breakdown（intr）=collapse,ceasetofunctionproperly,owingtosomefaultorweakness:

（a）Usedofpeople,itnormallyimpliesatemporaryemotionalcollapse:

Hebrokedownwhentellingmeabouthisson'

stragicdeath.（Hewasovercomebyhissorrow;

hewept.）

（b）Itcanexpresscollapseofmentalresistance:

Atfirstherefusedtoadmithisguiltbutwhenhewasshowntheevidencehebrokedownandconfessed.

（c）Whenusedofhealthitimpliesaseriousphysicalcollapse:

Afteryearsofoverworkhishealthbrokedownandhehadtoretire.

（d）Itisveryoftenusedofmachines:

Thecarbrokedownwhenweweredrivingthroughthedesertandittookustwodaystorepairit.

（e）Itcanbeusedofnegotiations:

Thenegotiationsbrokedown（werediscontinued）becauseneithersidewouldcompromise.

breakin（intr）,

breakinto（tr）

（a）=enterbyforce:

Thievesbrokeinandstolethesilver.

Thehousewasbrokenintowhentheownerwasonholiday.

（b）=interruptsomeonebysomesuddenremark:

/wastellingthemaboutmytravelswhenhebrokeinwithastoryof

hisown.breakin（ayounghorse/ponyetc.）（tr）=trainhimforuse:

Youcannotrideordriveahorsesafelybeforehehasbeenbrokenin.

breakoff（trorintr）=detachorbecomedetached:

Hetookabarofchocolateandbrokeoffabit.（brokeabitoff/broke

itoff）

Apieceofrockbrokeoffandfellintothepoolatthefootofthecliff.

breakoff（tr）=terminate（usedofagreementsornegotiations）:

AnnhasbrokenoffherengagementtoTom.（brokenher

engagement