必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela关系副词引导的定语从句Word文档格式.docx
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Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.
=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.
我们住的旅馆很不干净。
ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.
=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在正在修葺。
2.若定语从句的先行词是地点,但定语从句缺主语或宾语,用which或that引导定语从句,而不用where来引导。
Thelibrarywherestudentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.
学生们经常在那学习的图书馆昨天晚上失火了。
Thelibrary,whichwasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.
那所建于20世纪30年代的图书馆该修葺一下了。
Thelibrarythat/whichyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.
你昨天参观的图书馆建于1990年。
3.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。
但并非所有的情况都如此。
…untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.直到今天我们已到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。
Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.
我已到了无法忍受他的地步。
—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?
—Yes,there’sonepointthatwemustinsiston.
—你有没有什么要说的?
—是的,有一点我们必须要坚持。
【典型例题】
1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
2.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
3.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
4.TheywillflytoWashington,___theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when
答案:
DDBA
(二)关系副词when引导的定语从句
when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.
第一次见到纳尔逊·
曼德拉的时候,是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.
我们的外出游玩将推迟到下一周,那时我们就不那么忙了。
1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为介词+which引导的定语从句。
Istillrememberthetimewhen(duringwhich)Ilivedinthecountryside.
我还记得我住在乡下的时候。
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen(onwhich)weworkedtogether.
我永远忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。
2.若定语从句的先行词是时间,但定语从句缺主语或宾语,则用which或that引导定语从句。
I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichIspentoncampus.
我永远不会忘记我在校园里度过的那一段时光。
I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou.
我永远不会忘记我和你共度的那段时光。
1.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_____local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.
A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since
2.Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
BC
(三)关系副词why引导的定语从句。
why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词,如:
excuse;
explanation;
reason等。
Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyisthathedidn’twanttoseeJane.
他没有来参加宴会的原因是他不想见到简。
Wecan’taccepttheexcusewhyyouwereabsent.
我们无法接受你缺席的借口。
Thisistheexplanationwhytheyputoffthemeeting.
这就是他们推迟会议的解释。
1.关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为for+which引导的定语从句。
Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.
这就是我不来这儿的原因。
2.若定语从句的先行词是reason,但定语从句缺主语或宾语,则用which或that引导定语从句。
Thereasonthat/whichshegavewasnottrue.
她给的原因不是真的。
即学即用
1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.
2)Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.
1)why2)that/which
(四)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:
用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;
而不及物动词则要用关系副词。
1.Thisisthemountainvillage______Ivisitedlastyear.
2.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.
3.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedinlastyear.
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
解题思路:
题干句如果是疑问句式,要将其转化为陈述句式。
方法二中的第一个句子变为肯定句:
Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.
第二个句子变为肯定句:
Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
归纳:
关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);
先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。
(五)定语从句与其他从句的比较
1.非限制性定语从句和单句/并列句的比较
Hehastwosons.Bothof_____areteachers.
Hehastwosons,andbothof______areteachers.
Hehastwosons;
bothof_____areteachers.
Hehastwosons,bothof_______areteachers.
A.themB.whom
分析:
注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句与it引导的句子
Theearthisround,and____isknowntoall.
______isknowntoall,theearthisround.
______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.
A.itB.A(a)s
AB
3.定语从句和状语从句
(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.
Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.
从引导词来看,状语从句中的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分,而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分(主语,宾语或表语)。
(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawerwherehecaneasilyfindit.
Pleaseputtheletterwherehecaneasilyfindit.
where前面有被修饰的地点名词时,是定语从句,否则是状语从句。
4.when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。
ItwasOctober_______wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.
ItwasinOctober_____wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.
强调句句型:
Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分,去掉Itis/was…that/who…,句子照样成立。
而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。
解题技巧:
1.通读全句。
首先判断是什么句型。
2.题干句如果是疑问句式,将其转化为陈述句式。
3.分析从句的句子结构,在定语从句中,缺什么,就补什么:
缺主语或宾语,用关系代词;
缺状语,用关系副词
4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。
即学即用:
1)Yesterdaymyphysicsteachersetsuchadifficultexamproblem______noneofusworkedout.
A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which
2)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_________areouroldfriends.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them
3)Itwaseleveno’clock___theywentoutofthecinema.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
BCC
【模拟试题】
(答题时间:
60分钟)
一、单项选择
1.Hemadeuphismindtodevotehislifeto_______pollutionfrom______again.
A.preventing;
happeningB.prevent;
happen
C.preventing;
happensD.preventing;
willhappen
2.TheOctober,2008_____anothersuccessfullaunchofthemannedspaceshipinChina.
A.haveseenB.hadseenC.sawD.wasseeing
*3.Inordertocompetewithothers,afactoryshouldaimat______ratherthan______.
A.quantity;
qualityB.quality;
quantity
C.quantities;
qualitiesD.quality;
quantities
**4.ItissaidthatterroristswillstilltakeactiontoattacktheUnitedStatesandtheUKalthough______attackonEnglish’sairplaneinAugust,2006was____failure.
A.the;
theB.the;
aC.an;
theD.an;
a
*5.Iwillrememberthetroubleyouhavetaken_____mewithmyEnglish.
A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.helps
6.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily_______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
7.Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast______importanceareskills.
A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper
**8.Thestudentsdidn’tpayattentiontotheuse______thecomputerlab,_____madeteacherssoangry.
A.whichtheymadeof;
itB.theymadeuseof;
it
C.whichtheymadeuse;
thatD.theymadeof;
which
9.TheUSgovernmentannouncedaUS$5million_____lastWednesdayforinformationleadingtothearrest(逮捕)ofthemurder.
A.awardB.rewardC.prizeD.praise
*10.Itwasinthegardenofhisoldhouse______hegrewup_____hedugoutapotofgold.
A.that;
thatB.where;
whereC.where;
thatD.that;
where
*11.Mrs.Blacktookthepolicebackto_______place______shewitnessedtheaccident.
A.same;
asB.thesame;
where
C.same;
thatD.thesame;
when
12.Finallytheyarrivedataplace____soldcigarettesandothersmallthings.
A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what
**13.Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyears_____thedisabledisnowconsidered______ofgreatvalue.
A.tohelp;
beingB.tohelping;
tobe
C.tohelp;
tobeD.helping;
being
*14.Themurderwas______prisonandbeforelong________.
A.putinthe;
sentencedtodeathB.sentto;
sentencedtodeath
C.putinto;
sentenceddeathD.putin;
sentencedtodie
15.Hehassometrouble_______hisclassmates,buthehasnotrouble________doinghislesson.
A.with;
withB.in;
inC.with;
inD.in;
with
二、完形填空
HenryFordwasthefirstonetobuildcarswhichwerefast,reliable(可靠的)andcheap.Hewasableto16millionsofthem17he“mass-produced(大批量生产)”them;
18,hehadmadeagreatmanycarsof19thesametype.HenryFord’s20hadhopedthathissonwouldbecomea21,buttheyoungmandidnotlikethe22andwenttoDetroitwherehe23asamechanic.24thetimehewastwenty-nine,in1892,he25hisfirstcar.The26mass-producedcarintheworld,thefamous”ModelT”27in1908—fiveyears28HenryhadstartedhisgreatFordMotorCompany.Thiscar29tobesopopular30itremained31fortwentyyears.32HenryFord’stime,mass-productiontechniques(技术)havebecome33inindustry(工业)and34thepriceofagreatmanyproductswhich35wouldbeveryexpensive.
16.A.sellB.buyC.inventD.discover
17.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if
18.A.whichisB.thatisC.whatisD.itis
19.A.perhapsB.almostC.somewhatD.exactly
20.A.uncleB.fatherC.brotherD.neighbor
21.A.mechanicB.engineerC.editorD.farmer
22.A.wishB.hopeC.ideaD.think
23.A.workedB.learnedC.taughtD.drove
24.A.ByB.UntilC.ForD.In
25.A.buildB.