届高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解2.docx

届高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解2.docx

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届高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解2

2018届高考英语二轮复习精选备考题库系列（含详解）：

阅读理解

（二）

备战2018高考，精选阅读200篇，适合高三上学期使用，希望对大家有帮助。

（2011年8月）

Haveyouevernoticedthecolourofthewaterinariverorstreamafteraheavyrainfall?

Whatdoyouthinkcausedthischangeincolour?

Itissoilthathasbeenwashedintotheriverfromtheriverbankorfromthenearbyfields*

ComponentsofSoil

Soilismadeupofanumberoflayers（层）,eachhavingitsowndistinctivecolourandtexture*Theupperlayerisknownasthelitter*Itactslikeablanket，limitingtemperaturechangesandreducingwaterloss*Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplantandanimalmattercalledhumus（腐殖质）,whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour*Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients,oxygen,andwater*Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter*Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus*Beneaththesoilliesalayerofbedrock*

Soilformsfromthebottomup*Overtimebedrockisattackedbyrain,wind,frost,andsnow*Itisgraduallybrokendownintosmallerparticlesinaprocesscalledweathering*Plantsbegintogrow，androttenmaterialsenrichthetopsoil*MostofthesoilinEasternCanada，forexample，wasformedfromweatheredrockthatwasexposedwhentheicedisappeared12,000yearsago*

WaterBeneaththeSoil

Surfacewatercollectsandflowsabovethegroundinlakes，ponds,andrivers*Onceinthesoilorrock,itiscalledgroundwater*Gravitypullsgroundwaterthroughthesoilinaprocesscalledpercolation（渗透）*Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable*Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate*

Aswaterpercolatesdownward,itdissolvesorganicmatterandmineralsfromthesoilandcarriesthemtodeeperlayers*Thiscausesaseriousproblembecauseplantsrequirethesenutrientsforgrowth*

SoilpH

Soilcanbeacidic,neutral,orbasic*ThepHofthesoilisdeterminedbythenatureoftherockfromwhichitwasformed，andbythenatureoftheplantsthatgrowandrotinit*

TheacidityofrainandsnowcanlowerthepHofthegroundwaterthatentersthesoil*Byburningfossilfuelssuchascoal，oilandgasoline，humanshavebeencontributingtohigherlevelsofacidityinmanysoils*Whenfossilfuelsareburned，gasesarereleasedintotheairandthenfallbacktoearthasacidrain*Acidsoilincreasestheproblemofcarryingnutrientstolowersoillevels*Asnutrientsareremoved，soilislessfertile*Plantsgrowmoreslowlyinacidicsoil，andalsobecomeeasilyattackedbydiseases*

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。

1*Thelayerofsoilthatprovidesnecessarynutrientsforplantgrowthiscalled________*

A*litter　　　　　　　　B*topsoil

C*humusD*subsoil

[解析]　考查细节理解。

根据文章第二段中的“Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplant***whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour*Thislayerisusuallyrichinnutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoillayer。

[答案]　B

2*Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A*Soilformsfromweatheredrockontheearthsurface*

B*Thedeeperlayerofsoilisdarkerincolourthanthesurfacesoil*

C*Airpollutionispartiallyresponsibleforacidsoil*

D*Groundwatertendstocarryawaynutrientsforplantgrowth*

[解析]　考查细节判断。

根据文章第二段中的“Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil，alayerthatcontainsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter*Thislayerislighterincolourbecauseofthelackofhumus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。

[答案]　B

3*Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewatertablelies________*

A*betweenthetopsoillayerandthesubsoillayer

B*inthesubsoillayerabovebedrock

C*betweenthesubsoillayerandbedrock

D*inthebedrocklayerbeneaththesubsoil

[解析]　考查细节理解。

根据文章第四段中的“Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable*Underthisisbedrockthroughwhichwatercannotpercolate”可知watertable是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。

[答案]　C

4*Theunderlinedword“dissolve”isusedtoexpresstheideathatorganicmatterandmineralsfromsoilare________*

A*rushedawayintotheriver

B*cleanedandpurifiedbywater

C*destroyedandcarriedawaybywater

D*mixedwithwaterandbecomepartofit

[解析]　考查词义猜测。

根据本句中的“***andcarriesthemtodeeperlayers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。

[答案]　D

ThelatestresearchsuggeststhatthekeyfactorseparatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotIQ,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess*Instead,it’spurposefulpractice*Topperformersspendmorehourspractisingtheircraft*Ifyouwantedtopicturehowatypicalgeniusmightdevelop,you’dtakeagirlwhopossessedaslightlyaboveaveragelanguageability*Itwouldn’thavetobeabigtalent,justenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseofdistinction*Thenyouwouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarqualities*Maybethewriterwasfromthesametown,hadthesamefamilybackground,or,sharedthesamebirthday*

Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself*Itwouldgivehersomeideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoin*Itwouldalsohelpifoneofherparentsdiedwhenshewas12,givingherastrongsenseofinsecurityandfuellingadesperateneedforsuccess*Armedwiththisambition,shewouldreadnovelsandlifestoriesofwriterswithoutend*Thiswouldgiveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield*She’dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyunderstanditsinnerworkings*

Thenshewouldpractisewriting*Herpracticewouldbeslow,painstakinganderrorfocused*Bypractisinginthisway，shedelaystheautomatizingprocess*Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsintounconscious,automaticallyperformedskills*Bypractisingslowly,bybreakingskillsdownintotinypartsandrepeating,sheforcesthebraintointernalizeabetterpatternofperformance*Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstantstreamoffeedback,viewingherperformancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors，pushinghertotakeontougherchallenges*Bynowsheisredoingproblems—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom—dozensanddozensoftimes*Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinordertounderstandorsolvefutureproblems*

Theprimaryqualityouryoungwriterpossessesisnotsomemysteriousgenius*It’stheabilitytodevelopapurposeful,laboriousandboringpracticeroutine*Thelatestresearchtakessomeofthemagicoutofgreatachievement*Butitunderlinesafactthatisoftenneglected*Publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe’re“hardwired”todo*Andit’struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities*Butthebrainisalsoveryplastic*Weconstructourselvesthroughbehavior*

[语篇解读]　你依然认为天才由基因决定，认为自己不可能成为天才吗？

一项新的研究表明：

成功并不取决于人的IQ，而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的。

1*Thepassagemainlydealswith________*

A*thefunctionofIQincultivatingawriter

B*therelationshipbetweengeniusandsuccess

C*thedecisivefactorinmakingagenius

D*thewayofgainingsomesenseofdistinction

[解析]　主旨大意题。

这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是IQ，而是些后天的、有目的的训练和努力。

所以C项正确。

A、B两项不符合文章意思；D项不具体。

[答案]　C

2*Byreadingnovelsandwriters’stories,thegirlcould________*

A*cometounderstandtheinnerstructureofwriting

B*joinafascinatingcircleofwriterssomeday

C*sharewithanovelistherlikesanddislikes

D*learnfromthelivingexamplestoestablishasenseofsecurity

[解析]　细节判断题。

依据文章第二段的“Thiswouldgiveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield*She’dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyunderstanditsinnerworkings*”可知A项正确。

[答案]　A

3*Inthegirl’slongpainstakingtrainingprocess，________*

A*heradviserformsaprimarychallengingforcetohersuccess

B*herwritingturnsintoanautomaticpatternofperformance

C*sheacquiresthemagicofsomegreatachievements

D*shecomestorealizesheis“hardwired”towrite

[解析]　细节理解题。

根据文章第三段的“Bypractisinginthisway，shedelaystheautomatizingprocess*Hermindwantstoturnconscious，newlylearnedskillsintounconscious，automaticallyperfomedskills*”可知B项正确。

[答案]　B

4*Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A*Afuellingambitionplaysaleadingroleinone’ssuccess*

B*Aresponsibleadviserismoreimportantthantheknowledgeofwriting*

C*Astothegrowthofagenius,IQdoesn’tmatter,butjusthis/herefforts*

D*Whatreallymattersiswhatyoudoratherthanwhoyouare*

[解析]　推理判断题。

文章主要讲述：

一个人的成功并不是由IQ决定的而是通过后天的努力训练得来的。

D项“重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么”符合文章主旨大意。

[答案]　D

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November20,2008　

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