第一单元全部理解Word文档格式.docx
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16.外出吃饭dineout
17.生活水准/水平standardofliving/livingstandard
18.弥补收入差额makeupthedifferenceinincome
19.听歌剧看芭蕾演出attendtheoperaandballet
20.耐得住寂寞atoleranceforsolitude
21.自给自足self-sufficiency
22.抵制诱惑resistthetemptationtodosth.
23.怆然离去leavewithafeelingofsorrow
24.自豪感asenseofpride
25.一旦形势好转onceeconomicconditionsimprove
2.CompoundDictationWorkingatHome
MostAmericanworkerstraveleachdaytojobsinfactories,offices,laboratories,shopsandschools.ButforagrowingnumberofpeopleintheUnitedStates,theworkplaceischanging.MoreAmericansarechoosingtoworkathome.Thereareseveralreasonsforthischange.Onereasonismanyparentswantmoretimetobewiththeirchildrenathome.Anotheristhatpeoplewantthefreedomtodecideforthemselveshowandwhentodotheirjob.Themostimportantreason,however,istherevolutionincomputertechnology.Withcomputers,thereislessneedforpeopletocometogethertowork.
Computerscanbelinkedbytelephonelineswithothercomputersfaraway.Aworkercanwriteareportoraddinformationtocompanyrecordsonacomputerathomeandthensendthefinishedworktoacomputerinanothercity.Americansarealreadyusingcomputerstodomanydifferentkindsofjobsathome.Manyhighlyskilledworkers,forexample,asktheircomputersforthechancetoworkatleastpartoftimeathome.Theysaytheycanthinkmoreclearlyandbemorecreativeinthequiet,peacefulatmosphereoftheirhome.
3.WritingPracticeFromTopicSentencestoDevelopment/SupportingSentences
Textanalysis:
Theauthorwriteshispieceinaclearandlogicalway.Inmanyinstancesheemploysthepatternof“onetopicsentence+severaldetailsentences”structure.It’seasyforreaderstograspthemainidea,anditisalsoproveneffectiveforlearnerwriterslikeourstudents.
Sometimesthedetailsentencesrunparalleltoeachother,likethoseinPara2.Insomeotherparagraphsthedetailsentenceshavetheirownhierarchy.TakePara5forexample.Thefirstsentencetellshowbusy“I”am.ThesecondsentencestatesthatSandy,thewife,isalsobusy.Thefinalsentenceisakindofsummary—nobodycanrelax.YetfollowingthesecondsentencethereareafewmoredetailsentencesshowingexactlyhowtightascheduleSandyhas.TakeParas12-13foranotherexample.Thetopicsentencethereinis“Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.”Thentherearetwosub-topicsentences:
“Oneisatoleranceforsolitude”,“Theotherrequirementisenergy—alotofit.”Eachsub-topicsentencehasitsownsupportingdetails.
Sometimesthereisnotransitionaldevicesbetweendetailsentences,sometimesthereare,themostfrequentlyusedoneofwhichistimewordsorphrases.Forexample,thedetailsentencesinPara4beginwith“threemonthsago”,“threemonthsfromnow”,“recently”,and“laterthismonth”,respectively.Tobesure,otherconjunctionsscatterthetext,like“first”-“then”-”then”-“eventually”inPara7.
NewwordsandExpressions
1.getby过得去尚可e.g.Shecan’tgetbyonsuchasmallincome.
2.frustratevt.挫败阻挠使无效e.g.Badweatherfrustratedhisattack.
3.contentn.容量,含量;
内容;
目录n.满足,满意（文语）vt.使满足,使满意a.满足的,满意的不放在名词前,因为它不像satisfied表示欲望获得满足的状态，而是表示没有什么特别值得一提的牢骚和不满的事情.
e.g.Heisquitecontentwithhislifeatpresent.（满足于）e.g.Iamcontenttodoso.（愿意做）
e.g.Theschoolbeingover,thechildrenwereallowedtowatchtelevisiontotheirhearts’content.（尽情地）
4.makeit（口语）做成成功；
达到目的；
赶上；
设法安排
e.g.Canwecatchthetrain?
Ihopewecanmakeit.
e.g.CouldIseeyourmanager?
I’llmakeit.
e.g.Wecutenoughwoodtomakeitthroughtheheatingseason.安然过冬
5.hawk鹰勇猛激进的象征主战派dove鸽子和平的象征主和派
6.haulvt.（主要借助于工具）搬运;
拉,拽
e.g.Thetruckhauledthegarbageaway.
e.g.Thefishermenwerehaulingupthenets.
7.supplymentvt.补充增补e.g.Hesupplymentedhisexplanationwithsomeexamples.
8.sprayvt.喷洒
sprayAon/inBe.g.Shesprayedwaterontheshirtbeforeironingit.
sprayBwithAe.g.Shesprayedtheshirtwithwaterbeforeironingit.
9.freelancen.lancen.骑士用的长枪
freelance原指中世纪欧洲不属于君主，无特别合同限制而受雇于各公侯的自由骑士。
10.pursuevt.
①努力去获得追求（pleasure/fame）
②追赶追踪e.g.Whatarethepolicepursuing?
11.household户（整体）home居住地house居住处（具体）family家庭成员家人课后练习P17
12.over-前缀
①过度的太多overeatv.吃的过多overanxiousa.过于担忧的overactivea.过于活跃的
②在上面overheadn./a./ad.天花板/在头顶上的
③全面地overshoesn.套鞋（穿在皮鞋外面的橡皮套鞋）
④超越overrunn./v.（古）跑的比…快（现）泛滥蔓延
⑤推翻overturnn./v.推翻倾覆打翻
13.stack
vt.将…堆起来e.g.Theroomisstackedwithbooks.
n.一堆pileastackof（loveletters/hey/people）
14.wickeda.
e.g.Itiswickedofyoutoletyourdogdieofhunger.
e.g.Ihavesuchawickedtoothache.
15.swampvt.淹没压倒
e.g.Manyhouseswereswampedbecauseoftheflood.
16.squashn.南瓜—易被压坏的东西vt.压坏镇压
e.g.Shesatonmyflowersandsquashedthemflat.
22.cutback减少消减
e.g.Thefactorycutsbackproductionby/totenpercent.产量减少了/到百分之十
23.suspect意为”猜测,猜疑”,表示揣摩某事可能存在,但缺乏有力证据.侧重表示肯定意义,即”怀疑…是…”常用于表示猜疑某人犯了某种罪行。
doubt表示对事物的真伪表示怀疑,侧重表示否定意义,即”怀疑…不是…”课后练习P18
24.requirementn.要求必备条件
e.g.Ican’tmeetyourrequirements.
25.scalen.规模e.g.Thesecarsarebeingproducedonalarge/smallscale.大规模/小规模
TextAnalysis
PartⅠ（Paras.1-3）
Para.1
Words:
1.getby:
过得去尚可
e.g.我父母亲靠很少的一些钱凑合着过下去。
Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.
e.g.Sheneverworksbutsomehow（不知何故）shegetsby.
Para.2
1.dozen（s）与数词或many,several连用时,复数不加s;
如其后有名词,名词用复数.（3dozeneggs）
2.makeit
e.g.I’mafraidIwon’tbeabletomakeittoyourpartynextweek.恐怕我无法参加你下周举办的晚会了.
Para.3
MainIdeas:
Thewriterviewshislifeinthecountryasaself-reliantandsatisfyingone.
Exercise：
TrueorFalse
1.Thewriterisafamouswriterwhoislivinginthecountryside.（）
FHeisnotfamous.
2.Inthewriter'
sopinion,theirlifeinthecountrysideisself-reliantbecausetheycangrowallkindsoffruitsandgopicnickinginthesummer.（）
F“Gopicnickinginthesummer”tellsusheissatisfiedwiththelifethere.
3.Thewriterissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecountrysideonlybecausetheirhenscanlayeggsforthemandtheirbeescanprovidethemwithhoney.（）
FTheirhens,eggs,fruits,etc.contributetotheirself-reliantlifeinthecountryside.
4.Thewriterandhisfamilyliveinthecountrysidebecausetheyweredissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecityandsuburbs.（T）
5.Thewriterusesthefollowingwordsorphrasestotellreadersthatheissatisfiedwiththelifeinthecountryside:
canoe,picnic,bicyclerides,deer,hawks,fruitsandhoney.（）
FThelasttwowordsshowhehasaself-reliantlife.
PartⅡ（Paras.4-7）
Para.4
Sentences:
Line19–21
1.Analyzethestructureofthesentence.
Thestructureofthissentenceiscomplicated.
1）“Theyoungestofourfourchildren”isinappositionto（同位语）“Jim,16andEmily,13.”
2）“Thatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside”isanattributiveclause（定语从句）modifying“theoutdoortoilet.”
2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下。
当我们在室外干活时，这个厕所便成为室内卫生设备的补充。
1.haul:
vt.
1）transport,aswithatruck,cart,etc.搬运
e.g.救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。
Therescueteamhauledmedicalsuppliesandfoodtothefloodedvillages.
2）pullordragsth.witheffortorforce（用力的,费力的）拉拖拽
e.g.Rescueworkershauledpassengersoutofthecrashedtrain.
CF:
haul,drag&
pull这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。
haul指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物，有时可表示很困难地拽。
e.g.Lorrieshaulheavygoodsfromfactoriestotheports.
大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口。
drag指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重地把东西拖过一段距离，该词通常使人想到主动或被动的阻力。
e.g.Youmightdragaheavyboxacrossthegroundifyoucouldn’tliftit.
如果你提不动一个重箱子，你可以在地上拖着它走。
pull指朝任何方向移动，一般后接副词或副词词组以表示移动方向。
e.g.Theypulledhardbuttherockremainedimmovable.
2.supplement
vt.补充增补（with）
e.g.医生建议我在饮食中增补维生素E和A.
ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.
n.补充物e.g.Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.
3.spray:
vt.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon（followedbywith）喷洒
e.g.I'
llhavetospraytheroseswithinsecticidetogetridofthegreenfly（蚜虫）.
e.g.TheysprayedthePresident’scarwithbullets.
Para.5
Line31–32
1.Telltheclasstheoriginofthesaying“Thereisnorestforthewicked.”
ThesayingcomesfromtheBible,Isiah57:
21,（以赛亚书）“…nopeace,saithmygod,tothewicked.”Itmeansthatyoumustcontinuewithyourworkorotheractivitythatyoushouldbedoing,notrest.
2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲—贤德之人也歇不了。
1.pursuevt.努力完成追求从事
e.g.Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.
e.g.AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasanwriter.
毕业后马丁选择从事与父亲相同的作者这种职业.
Para.6
Para.7
Line37
1.Readthisparagraphandtellwhat“twofloods”refertohere.
Thefirstfloodrefersto“greatoverflowofwater”whiletheotherrefersto“agriculturalproducts.”
Line38-39
1.What’sthefunctionofthephrase“swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce”?
Thisv-ingformisoneofthenon-finiteverbs（非谓语动词）.Itservesasanadverbialinthesentence
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