高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题9.docx

高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题9.docx

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高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题9

2014高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练题（9）及答案

[科普知识型阅读理解

（二）]-----

（二）

Europe'sdeadlyoutbreakofarareformofE．coli（大肠杆菌）bacteriahasbroughtnewattentiontofoodsafetyissues.E．colibacterianaturallyliveintheintestines（肠）ofhumansandmanyanimals.MostkindsofE．coliareharmlessbutsomecanmakepeoplesick.

Oneoftheproblemswhenpeoplegetsickfromfoodisthatthesimplestquestionisoftendifficultorevenimpossibletoanswer.Justwhatdidthepeopleeatthatmadethemsick?

Ofcourse,onewaytoavoidsuchproblemsistokeepdangerousorganismsoutofthefoodsupply.This_is_easier_said_than_done,_butscientistskeeplookingfornewways.

ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanexperimentalsystemthatusesahightechoptical（光学的）scanner.Theinspectionsystemisfixedinthepackinghouseswhereproduceissortedformarket.Thesystemisdesignedtoidentifytheproducepollutedbysoiloranimalwaste.Thenewscannercanalsoshowdamageandimperfectionsthatmightmaketheproduceunappealingtoshoppers.

ScientistsdesignedthesystemataDepartmentofAgricultureresearchcentreinBeltsville,Maryland.MoonKimoftheAgriculturalResearchServiceledtheteam.

MOONKIM:

“Wewererequested,wewereasked,todevelopamethodtotestthepollutedproduce.Sowestartedwiththeappleasthemodelsample.”

Thescannerusesahighspeedcameraplacedovertheconveyerbeltthatmovestheproducealong.Astheapplesmovealongthebelt,thescannercapturesimagesofeachpieceoffruit.Aspectrographdevicecanusethelighttocheckanappletoshowevidenceofdamage.

MoonKimsaystheteamhopesthesystemwillbeavailablebeforelong.

MOONKIM:

“Wearetargetingfordevelopmentincommercialplantsforthenextseveralyears.”

Thescannercandirectasortingmachinetoseparatethebadapplesfromthegoodones.Thesystemiscurrentlyabletoshowthesurfaceofonlyhalftheappleasitspeedsby.Theinventorshopetoimprovetheprocesssoitcanshowthewholesurface.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________．

A.thedangerofE．colibacteriatohealth

B.thewaytoavoidgettingsickfromfood

C.asystemtotestthepollutedproduce

D.thenewattentiontofoodsafetyissues

2．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthenewscanner________．

A.hasalreadyusedinthesupermarket

B.isperfecttofindoutthepollutedapple

C.isstillintestandneedtoimprove

D.canalsodamagethebacteriainthefood

3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.MostoftheE．coliisdangeroustothepeople'shealth.

B.Thedamageinthefruitmightcauseitdifficulttosellout.

C.Nowthesystemcantakethepicturesofeachpieceoffruit.

D.Thescannerisputonamovingbeltwhiletestingtheproduce.

4.Bysaying“Thisiseasiersaidthandone”inParagraph2,thewriterwantsto________．

A.showthedifficultyinfindingthebadbacteriafromthefoodsupply

B.showthescientists'hardshipinfindinganewwaytohealthedisease

C.expresshis/herangertothebusinessmenfromsellingthepollutedfood

D.expresshis/herworryaboutthedangerousissueintoday'sfoodsafety

5．Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas________．

A.anadvertisementB.abookreview

C.afeaturestoryD.anewsreport

（二）

【要点综述】本文主要介绍了美国科学家开发了一种使用高科技光学扫描仪的实验系统。

1．C　主旨大意题。

由本文的内容以及其主题句，即第三段第一句“ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanexperimentalsystemthatusesahightechoptical（光学的）scanner.”可知，本文主要介绍了一种用来检测被污染的产品的实验系统，故选C项。

2．C　细节理解题。

由倒数第三段“MoonKimsaystheteamhopesthesystemwillbeavailablebeforelong.”以及本文最后一句“Theinventorshopetoimprovetheprocesssoitcanshowthewholesurface.”可知这一扫描仪还在试验当中且需要改进，故选C项。

3．B　推理判断题。

由第三段最后一句“…damageandimperfectionsthatmightmaketheproduceunappealingtoshoppers.”可知水果损害之后更难吸引购物者，也就会导致其很难卖出。

4．A　细节理解题。

由画线词前一句“…onewaytoavoidsuchproblemsistokeepdangerousorganismsoutofthefoodsupply.”可知，要从食物的来源里找到有害的病菌是有困难的。

5．D　推理判断题。

由文章中把MOONKIM说话的内容直接引入的形式来看，本文应该是一篇新闻报道。

【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷

（一）】C

Everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate：

Withoutit，itwouldnotbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus；northeworkersingovernmentofficeswholookafterourhealth，ourfood，ourwater，andalltheotherthingsthatwecannotdoforourselves；northeministersandmembersofparliament（国会）whogovernthecountryforus.Bymeansoftaxation，wepayforthingsthatweneedjustasmuchasweneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat.

Buteveryoneknowsthattaxationisnecessary，differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouthowtaxationshouldbearranged.Shouldeachpersonhavetopayacertainamountofmoneytothegovernmenteachyear？

Orshouldtherebetaxonthingsthatpeoplebuyandsell？

Ifthefirstkindoftaxationisused，shouldeveryonepaythesametax，whetherheisrichorpoor？

Ifthesecondkindoftaxispreferred，shouldeverythingbetaxedequally?

Inmostcountries，adirecttaxonpersons，whichiscalledincometax，exists.Itisarrangedinsuchawaythatthepoorestpeoplepaynothing，andthepercentageoftaxgrowsgreaterasthetaxpayer’sincomegrows.InEngland，forexample，thetaxontherichestpeoplegoesupashighasninetyfivepercent!

Butcountrieswithdirecttaxationnearlyalwayshaveindirecttaxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor“duties”．Ofcourse，itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheseimportedthingsintheshopswhoreallyhavetopaytheduties，intheformofhigherprices.Insomecountries，too，thereisataxonthingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed，alotofmoneyiscollected，butthepoorpeoplesuffermost.Ifunnecessarythingslikejewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed，lessmoneyisgotbutthetaxisfairer，astherichpayit.

Probablythislastkindofindirecttax，togetherwithadirecttaxonincomeswhichislowforthepoorandhighfortherich，isthebestarrangement.

36．Thefirstparagraphtellsusaboutthe________.

A．taxpolicies

B．taxableitems

C．arrangementoftaxation

D．importanceoftaxation

37．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutincometaxisNOTtrueinmostcountries?

A．Thepoorestpaynotax.

B．Thepoorpaythesametaxesastherich.

C．Therichpaymoretaxesthanthepoor.

D．Therichpayaveryhighpercentageoftax.

38．Peoplewhobuyimporteditemsintheshopshavetopayduties________.

A．tothegovernmentoffice

B．atalowerprice

C．asanincometax

D．intheformofhigherprices

39．Accordingtothewriter，ifvaluablethingsaretaxed，________.

A．muchmoneyiscollected

B．thepoorsufferalot

C．therichwillbehappy

D．thetaxismorereasonable

40．Inthepassage，thewritersuggests________.

A．twokindsofincometaxes

B．theimportanceofindirecttaxes

C．thefairerincometaxes

D．morethanonekindofindirecttaxes

36．D　[第一段第一句就是主题句。

]

37．B　[从第三段可以作出判断。

]

38．D　[第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。

]

39．D　[从第四段最后一句可知答案。

]

40．D　[从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。

]

[科普知识型阅读理解

（二）]-----（三）

Clothescanmakephonecalls,playmusic,dialyourpal'snumber,keepyouwarmduringcoldweatherandoperateyourcomputer?

Thisisnotafantasy.ABritishcompany,calledElectrotextiles,hascreatedawiderangeofclothesthathavemindsoftheirown!

Scientists,workingforthecompany,haveinventedakindoffabricthatcanbeblended（混合）withflexibleelectronicmaterialstocreateintelligentclothing.Theresultareelectronicgarments.

Ifyouthinkthewearerhastobewiredtodifferentdevices,thinkagain.Thesedesignerclothesarewirefree,softtotouchandwashable!

Likeanyelectronicdevice,thesehightechclotheshavetobepowered.Currently,atinyninevoltbatteryservesthepurpose.Buttheresearchershopethatinthenearfuturetheclotheswillgenerateelectricitybyusingbodyheat.“Theseclothesare100percentshockproof，”theysay.

TheElectrotextilesteamhasalsocreatedtheworld'sfirstclothkeyboard.Thiskeyboardcanbesewnintoyourtrousersorskirt.Tousethisdevice,youwillhavetositdownandtaponyourlap!

These“laptap”gadgets（小器具）areallsettotakeoverlaptopcomputers!

Anotherusefulgarmentistheshirtcummobilephone.This_handy_inventionenablesdriverstochatcomfortablywithothersatthewheel!

Otherpopularelectronicwearincludethedenim（牛仔布）jacketwithflexibleearphonessewnintothehood（风帽）andtheelectronicskijacketwithabuiltinheater.Theskijacketisalsoprogrammedtosendsignalstoasatellite.Thistechnologyisknownasglobalpositioningsystemandcanbeusedtotracklostskiersandwanderingkids.

Havingcompletedtheclothkeyboard,scientistshavealreadystartedtoworkonanewproject—anecktiethatcanbeusedasacomputermouse.Whatisthenext?

Doyouhaveanyidea?

1.Theelectronicgarmentsaresimilartootherelectronicdevicesinthat________．

A.theyfeelsmoothandsoft

B.theyuseelectricityaspower

C.theycanbewashedinwater

D.theyaremadefromflexiblematerials

2.Howwillresearchersimprovethesehightechclothes?

A.Bodyheatwillbeusedaspower.

B.Thewearerwillnotgetshocked.

C.Atinyninevoltbatterywillwork.

D.Theywillgetchargedautomatically.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Thishandyinvention”inParagraph5referto?

A.Thelaptopcomputer.

B.Theelectronicskijacket.

C.Theshirtcummobilephone.

D.Theworld'sfirstclothkeyboard.

4.Ifyouaregoingonaskiadventure,whichdevicedoyouneed?

A.Theclothkeyboard.

B.Theelectronicskijacket.

C.Thenecktietobeusedasamouse.

D.Thedenimjacketwithearphones.

5．Themainpurposeofthetextis________．

A.toadvertiseforanEnglishcompany

B.topredictthefuturetrendofscience

C.toshowhowrapidlysciencedevelops

D.tointroducesomeintelligentclothing

（三）

【要点综述】衣服能用来打电