金融学毕业论文英文资料翻译(中英文全).doc

金融学毕业论文英文资料翻译(中英文全).doc

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毕业论文

英文资料翻译

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2012年6月

ImprovetheconceptoffinancialsupervisioninruralareasAmericanJournalofAgriculturalEconomics，2009.

XunQian

FarmersinChina'svastpopulation,hassomelarge-scaleproductionofthefarmers,butalsosurvival-orientedfarmers,hugedifferencesbetweenthefinancialneedsofruralfinanceintermediationmakescomplex,togetherwithagricultureitselfistheprofitlow,naturalandmarketriskshighriskdecisiontoweakagriculturalindustrycharacteristics,resultinginthecostofruralfinancialtransactionsisfarhigherthanthecity,alsodecidedtoorganizetheruralfinancialsystemintermsofoperationorinthemarkethasitsownspecialcharacteristics.20yearsoffinancialreform,financialdevelopmentwhiletheChinesecitymadeimpressiveachievements,buttheruralfinanceistheentirefinancialsystemisstilltheweakestlink.Insufficientsupplyofruralfinance,competitionisnotsufficient,farmersandagriculturalenterprisesingettingloansandotherissuesisalsoveryprominent,backwardruralfinancialsystemcannolongereffectivelysupportthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureorthetransformationoftraditionalagricultureandthebuildingofnewsocialistcountryside,whichtoimprovetheruralfinancialsupervisionnewtopic.

China'sruralfinancialregulatoryproblems

（A）theformationofChina'sfinancialregulatorysystemhad"alinethreecommission"（People'sBank,theSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission,InsuranceRegulatoryCommissionandtheBankingRegulatoryCommission）financialregulatorystructure.Bank

Thesestringentrequirements,differentmanagementanddiversificationofmonitoringhasitspositiverole,butitalsohadsomenegativeeffects.First,inefficientsupervision,supervisionofinternalconsumptionofhighcosts,limitedfinancialindustrybusinessdevelopmentandinnovationspace.Second,theregulatoryagencies,regulatorybodiesandtheinformationasymmetrybetweencentralbanks,banking,securities,andinsurancemechanismsofcoordinationbetweenregulatorybodiesare

notperfect.Informationbetweencentralbanksandregulatoryagenciesisdifficulttoshare,isdifficulttocreateeffectivemonitoringforce.Basicallybetweenthevariousregulatorsintheirrespectivestateregulators,regulatorypoliciesandmeasurestooverlappingorconflictingphenomenahaveoccurred,unabletocopewithChina'scurrentruralfinancialmarketcomplexityanddiversityandsoon.Third,financialinstitutionshaveliquidityriskoroutofthemarketandsoon,maybeexcessivebecausethecentralbankassistance,financialinstitutionsandfinancialinstitutionsledtothepersonincharge"capacityrisk"and"moralhazard",orforfinancialinstitutionsregulatoryarbitragepossibilities;addition,sincethelackofrecourse,mayadverselyaffectthefinancialstability.

（B）ruralfinancialecologicalenvironmentisnotin-depth

Thecurrentfinancialenvironmentinruralcountybuildingstillremainsinthelettertheuser,village,township,communitydevelopmentcreditlevel,"government-led,human-propelled,departmentalinteraction"andcreateamechanismforfinancialecologicalenvironmentinruralareaslack.Localgovernmentsandauthoritiestheimportanceoffinancialknowledgeoftheecologicalenvironmentisnotdeep,implementationandfunctionsofindividuallocalprotectionismandheavy,thereisinterferencewiththefinancialsectorcreditandotherdailybusinesssituation.Ruralcreditsystemlag,lackofbadcreditpunishmentmechanism,ruralbusinessesandresidentsintheoverallcreditawarenessisnothigh,ruralfinancedevelopmentandexpansionofsocialservicesandsocialprotectionoftheenvironmenthasnotyetformed.

（C）China'sexistinglegalsystemoffinancialsupervisionandanumberofshortcomings,cannotguaranteethatfinancialregulationisreasonable,effective,standardizedimplementation

First,regulatorylag,supportingregulationsareincomplete,thecontentistoorough,toosimple,thebanking,securitiesandinsurancesupervisionlawsandregulationsmoreold,agenerallackofquantitativescience.Supervisoryregulationsandstandards,regulatorymethodsandtechnicalmeansnotmeetregulatoryrequirementsinthemarket.Staffintheactualimplementation,noteasytograspthescale,mayofoperation.Second,theChineseregulatorsandtheregulatedobjectsexistsomeinterest,andtheexistingregulations,lackofsupervisionandregulatoryenforcementaretoensurethatfinancialregulationcannotbejustandreasonable.Finally,China'sfinancialsupervisionisstilldifficulttoshakeofftheinertiaoftheexecutive-styleregulatoryimpact.

（D）oftheRuralFinancingdriftingoutsidetheexistingfinancialregulatory

AccordingtoIFADstudy,Chinesefarmersfromtheinformalfinancialinstitutions,loansfromofficialcreditinstitutionsabout4times.Forfarmers,theimportanceofinformalfinancialmarketsovertheformalfinancialmarket.China'smainlyruralfolkformoffinanceruralcreditcooperatives,Cooperation,privatelending,privatebanks,privatefunds,microfinance,etc.,ofwhichonlyruralcreditcooperativesandmicrofinanceinChina'sfinancialsupervisionundertherestofthefinancialformsthelackofappropriatesupervision.Thegenerallackofruralfinancialorganizationsofcivilnorms,thereisabigrisk,China'sexistinglawsandregulationsonprivatefinancialinstitutionsinruralareasisoneof"isolation"policy,makingalotofmoneyfromthedarkintotheruralfinancialmarketandgreaterregulationoffinancialdifficulty,onruralfinancialsecurityisapotentialthreat.

learnfromthedevelopedcountries

（A）improvecoordinationofruralfinancemechanismsforexternalsupervision

1.TheUnitedStates"multiplecomposite"ofthecoordinationmechanism.U.S.financialcooperationsysteminruralareasbythefederalmid-termcreditbanks,cooperativebanks,federallandbanksandfederallandbanksystemcomposedofthreeCooperatives,theFarmCreditAdministration（NCUA）leadership,andwiththeCouncilundertheleadershipoftheprivatebanksinruralcommercialcredit,NationalRuralCreditBankpolicyoftheUnitedStatessharedthetaskofruralfinancialintermediation.Theorganizationalmodelisatypicalmulti-modehybridsystem,threesystemshaveanindependentmanagementsystem,withcleartermsofreference.Toensurethehealthydevelopmentofruralfinancialinstitutions,commercialbanksintheUnitedStatesadoptedadifferentregulatorymodels,specificallysettinguparelativelysoundfinancialregulatorysysteminruralareas,includingregulators,industryself-regulationassociations,financialintermediationandmutualinsurancegroupclearingcenter,thefourkindofindependentagenciesandtheirsubsidiarybodies,thefunctionsofdifferent,butsharethesameobjectivesasacommonruralcooperativefinancialinstitutionstoservetheregulatorysystem.

2.Germany's"comprehensiveregulatorymodel"ofcoordinationmechanisms.LowconcentrationoftheGermanbankingsystem,intheveryimportantpartsofthebank,therepresentativeofthefinancialmixedoperation.CommonwealthBankandtheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthoritythepowertoregulatethetwomainregulatorsofthebankingsectorthereisacleardivisionoflabor,butalsoclosecooperation.CommonwealthBankinGermany,ninestateshavebranchoffices,usingtheirownnetworkadvantagestotheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthorityisresponsiblefordailytransmissionofdatabanksfocusfortheFederalFinancialAuthoritytoprovideabetterbasisfortheexerciseofregulatoryfunctions,butitisnotdirectlyinvolvedintheregulationwork,norhastheadministrativepunishment.TheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthoritydidnothavebranchesinthestates,itisdifficulttocarryoutregularsupervision,needtocooperatewiththeCommonwealthBanktoperformitsregulatoryfunctions.Germany'smaincentralbanksandindustryrelyonthefederalauditoftheregulatorysystemandriskpreventionandprotectionsystemtoensureruralfinanceinthespecificationonthebasisofcontinuousdevelopment.

3.Japan's"complementeachother-type"coordinationmechanism.InJapan,thedualsupervisionoftheimplementationofruralfinance:

first,theOfficeofGovernmentfinancialregulation,supervisionontheimplementationofvariousfinancialinstitutions,toachievetheoverallriskcontrol;Second,nationalandlocalForestryandFisheriesDepartmentwiththeOfficeofFinancialRegulationontheimplementationofruralfinancialinstitutionssupervision,includingtheMinistryofAgricultureconsistsofthebranchonNorinchukinsupervision,ForestryandFisheriessetupinsixmajorareasofagriculturalareainCountyCouncilonjointsupervisionoftheletter,andall,RoadHouse,CountyFarmeroftheMinistryofAgriculturewithinitsjurisdictionAssociationforCooperativeFinanceSupervisionDepartment

（B）theestablishmentofdepositinsuranceandemergencyrescuesystemtoformathree-tiersafetynet

Developedfinancialsystemgenerallyestablishedstrictinternalmanagementsystem,depositinsurancesystemandthesystemofthreeemergencysafetynet.Asasecond-classsafetynetofdepositinsurancesystemhasbeenverysatisfactory.Thefederalgovernmentonruralfinanceunifiedcompulsorydepositinsurance,thespecificbusinessoperationbytheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation'sSavingsAssociationInsuranceFund,andtoassumesupervisionoftheinsuredfinancialinstituti