雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析.docx

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析.docx

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　　Sleepmedicationlinkedtobizarrebehaviour

　　Newevidencehaslinkedacommonlyprescribedsleepmedicationwithbizarrebehaviours，includingacaseinwhichawomanpaintedherfrontdoorinhersleep.

　　UKandAustralianhealthagencieshavereleasedinformationabout240casesofoddoccurrences，includingsleepwalking，amnesiaandhallucinationsamongpeopletakingthedrugzolpidem.

　　Whiledoctorssaythatzolpidemcanoffermuch-neededreliefforpeoplewithsleepdisorders，theycautionthatthesenewlyreportedcasesshouldpromptacloserlookatitspossiblesideeffects.

　　Zolpidem，soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien，StilnoctandStilnox，iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.Variousformsofthedrug，madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis，wereprescribed674，500timesin2005intheUK.

　　AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.

　　Midnightsnack

　　Inoneofthesesleepwalkingcasesapatientwokewithapaintbrushinherhandafterpaintingthefrontdoortoherhouse.Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved，”accordingtothereport.

　　TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency，meanwhile，hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2001to2005.

　　ThenewlyreportedcasesintheUKandAustraliaaddtoagrowinglistofbizarresleepwalkingepisodeslinkedtothedruginothercountries，includingreportsofpeoplesleep-drivingwhileonthemedication.Inonecase，atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.

　　Hypnoticeffects

　　Thereisnobiologicalpathwaythathasbeenproventoconnectzolpidemwiththesebehaviours.Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnoticthatpromotesdeepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid.Whilepartsofthebrainbecomelessactiveduringdeepsleep，thebodycanstillmove，makingsleepwalkingapossibility.

　　Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects，includinghallucinations，sleepwalkingandnightmares，aremorelikelyintheelderly，andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.

　　Patientadvocacygroupssaytheywouldlikegovernmenthealthagenciesanddrugcompaniestotakeacloserlookatthepossiblerisksassociatedwithsleepmedicines.Theystressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscanhaveriskyconsequences.

　　“Whenpeopledosomethinginwhichthey’renotinfullcontrolit’salwaysadanger，”saysVeraSharavoftheNewYork-basedAllianceforHumanResearchProtection，aUSnetworkthatadvocatesresponsibleandethicalmedicalresearchpractices.

　　Triedandtested

　　“Themorereportsthatcomeoutaboutthepotentialsideeffectsofthedrug，themoreresearchneedstobedonetounderstandifthesearerealsideeffects，”sayssleepresearcherKennethWrightattheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder，US.

　　Millionsofpeoplehavetakenthedrugwithoutexperiencinganystrangesideeffects，pointsoutRichardMillmanatBrownMedicalSchool，directoroftheSleepDisordersCenterofLifespanHospitalsinProvidence，RhodeIsland，US.Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications，zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.

　　AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained：

somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.Doctorsstressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.

　　TheUSFood&DrugAdministrationsaysitiscontinuingto"activelyinvestigate"andcollectinformationaboutcaseslinkingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects.

　　TheAmbienlabelcurrentlylistsstrangebehaviourasa“specialconcern”forpeopletakingthedrug.“It’sapossiblerareadverseevent，”saysSanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann，addingthatthestrangesleepwalkingbehaviours“maynotnecessarilybecausedbythedrug”butinsteadresultfromanunderlyingdisorder.Shesaysthat“thesafetyprofile[ofzolpidem]iswellestablished”.ThedrugreceivedapprovalintheUSin1993.

　　Questions1-6　　Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage？

　　Inboxes1-6onyouranswersheetwrite

　　TRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage

　　FALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassage

　　NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage

　　1.Ambien，StilnoctandStilnoxarebrandnamesofonesamedrugtreatinginsomnia.

　　2.Thewoman’sobesityproblemwasn’tresolveduntilshestoppedtakingzolpidem.

　　3.ZolpidemreceivedapprovalintheUKin2001.

　　4.ThebizarrebehaviourofapassengeraftertakingzolpidemresultedinthediversionofaflightboundfortheothersideoftheAtlantic.

　　5.Zolpidemistheonlysleepmedicationthatdoesn’tcauseaddiction.

　　6.Thesleep-drivingoccurrenceresultedfromthewronguseofzolpidembyanofficeworker.

　　Question7-9　　ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-DandWritetheminboxes7-9onyouranswersheet.

　　7.HowmanycasesofbizarrebehavioursaredescribedinanofficialreportfromAustralia？

　　A.68

　　B.104

　　C.182

　　D.240

　　8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedintheproductinformationaboutzolpidem？

　　A.Treatmentshouldbestoppedifsideeffectsoccur.

　　B.Medicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.

　　C.Adverseeffectsaremorelikelyintheelderly.

　　D.Sideeffectsincludenightmares，hallucinationsandsleepwalking.

　　9.Whoclaimedthatthesafetydescriptionofzolpidemwaswellestablished？

　　A.KennethWright

　　B.MelissaFeltmann

　　C.RichardMillman

　　D.VeraSharav

　　Questions10-13　　AnswerthefollowingquestionswithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSeachinboxes10-13.

　　10.HowmanytimeswasFrench-madezolpidemprescribedin2005inBritain？

　　11.Whatkindofhypnoticiszolpidemasadrugwhichpromotesdeepsleepinpatients？

　　12.Whatcansleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscauseaccordingtopatientadvocacygroups？

　　13.WhatUSadministrationsaysthatithasbeeninvestigatingthecasesrelatingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects？

　　Answerkeysandexplanations：

　　1.True

　　Seepara.3fromthebeginning：

Zolpidem，soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien，StilnoctandStilnox，iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.

　　2.False

　　Seepara.1underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”：

Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved”…

　　3.NotGiven

　　Seepara.2underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”：

TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency，meanwhile，hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2001to2005.（ThetimethedrugwasapprovedintheUKwasnotmentioned.）

　　4.True

　　Seepara.3underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”：

Inonecase，atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.

　　5.False

　　Seepara.2underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”：

Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications，zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.

　　6.NotGiven

　　Seepara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”：

AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained：

somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.（Nopatientsasofficeworkersarementionedinthepassage.）

　　7.C

　　Seepara.4fromthebeginning：

AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.

　　8.B

　　Seethesentenceinpara.2underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”（Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects，includinghallucinations，sleepwalkingandnightmares，aremorelikelyintheelderly，andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.）andthesentenceinpara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”（Doctors“nottheproductinformation”stressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.）

　　9.B

　　Seepara.5underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”：

Sanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann…saysthat“thesafetyprofile[ofzolpidem]iswellestablished”.

　　10.674，500（times）

　　Seepara.3fromthebeginning：

Variousformsofthedrug，madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis，wereprescribed674，500timesin2005intheUK.

　　11.（a）benzodiazepine-like（hypnotic）

　　Seepara.1underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”：

Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnotic（类苯二氮催眠药）thatpromotesdeepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid.

　　12.riskyconsequences

　　Seepara.3underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”：

Patientadvocacygroups…stressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscanhaveriskyconsequences.

　　13.Food&Drug（Administration）

　　Seepara.4u