2008-山西大学考博英语试题.doc

2008-山西大学考博英语试题.doc

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2008ShanxiUniversity

GeneralEnglishAdmissionTestforNon-EnglishMajorPH.D.

Program

PARTIVOCABULARY（10points）

Directions:

Thereare20sentencesinthispart.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenputtheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

1.Retailsalesvolumeinlocalurban都市的andrural乡下的areasrose57.8percentand46.8percent,DoverFebruary1995.

A.individually分别地B.accordingly因此，相应地

C.correspondingly相对地，比照地D.respectively各自地，各个地

2.Theattic阁楼wasfullofDabronzebuffalo水牛,aglasscolt小雄马,andalifelikepeacock孔雀.

A.deception骗局B.deletion删除

C.digestion消化D.decoration装饰

3.FewcompaniescanaffordtohirethemostApeople.

A.eminent杰出的B.emergent紧急的

C.emphatic着重的D.envious嫉妒的

4.Thefactthattheearth’ssurfaceheatsCprovidesaconvenientwaytodivideitintotemperatureregions.

A.irregularly不规则地B.infrequently嫉妒的

C.unevenly不规则地，不均匀地D.unsteadily不稳定地

5.ItisrareforsoDanoldmantogetangry.我觉得选B

A.warlike好战的B.temperate有节制的；（气候）温和的；适度的

C.vocational职业的D.vulgar庸俗的

6.TheyneedacoupleofDyoungfellowstomovethepiano.B

A.spacious宽敞的B.stout强壮的

C.sullen愠怒的D.strenuous费力的

7.HewasarrestedbecausethepolicehadfoundalargesumofBmoneyinhissuitcase.

A.illiterate文盲的B.forged文盲的伪造；假冒

C.hypothetical假设的D.lethal致命的

8.TheseguitarplayersenjoyedsuccessonascaleDbyanypreciousgroup.

A.unintentional无意的B.unnecessary不必要的

C.unworthy不值得的D.unparalleled无比的，空前的

9.AperiodoffivedaysCbeforelocalfightescalated（战争）逐步升级intoafull-scalewar.

A.engraved（使）铭记，雕刻B.exterminated消灭；根除

C.elapsed消逝；时间过去D.endorsed签署，批准

10.Thereisnoevidencewhatsoever无论什么ofpopularAwithourdonation捐赠

A.discontent不满B.discourse论述，交谈

C.disillusion觉醒，幻灭D.distribution分配，分布

11.Thisexperiencedauthorwasabletothelifetime’sworkofJeffersonintoonevolume.

A.suppress镇压，压制B.express表达；快递

C.compress压紧；压缩；精简D.depress压低；使沮丧

12.IttookthisdisabledboyalongtimetoDthefactthathewasnotqualifiedfor（使）有…资格admission准许进入；承认tocollege.

A.comeupwith比得上；想出；准备好（钱等）

B.comedownwith付钱，染上（病）

C.comeupto达到；将近；来到近旁；比得上

D.cometotermswith与…达成协议；忍受，对待

13.SometeenagersaresocrazyaboutvideogamesastoplaythemmanyhoursifpossibleD.

A.onpurpose故意地B.onhand在手边，在附近，在场

C.oncredit赊账D.onend连续地；直立着

14.Oneofthemainpurposesofusingslang俚语；黑话istoconsolidate加强one’sDwithagroup.

A.identification鉴定，识别B.specification规格；详述

C.notification通知D.unification统一，联合

15.ThechairmansaidthathewaspreparedtoBtheyoungerpeopleinthedecisionmaking.

A.putupwith忍受，将就B.makewayfor让路给，为…开路

C.shedlighton为…提供线索，阐明…D.takechargeof掌管

16.Theso-called“braindrain智囊流失”referstothefactpeoplecarryingheavyresponsibilitiesbecomedisillusioned大失所望的andendupbyD.

A.immigrating移入B.migrating迁移

C.integrating使一体化D.emigrating移居国外

17.Asfulfillment完成，实现seldomBtoanticipation期待，希望,thereisnoneedtofeelupset.

A.amounts等于，接近B.corresponds符合，一致

C.adds增加D.contributes贡献出；捐赠

18.WhenIwasatschoolIthoughtthatwhatmyteacherstoldmewastheCtruth.

A.glamouring迷惑；迷住B.eccentric古怪的

C.gospel传播福音的D.cryptic（al）神秘的

（thegospeltruth福音书中的真理）

19.Therearevasttracts大片土地ofland,Aornevercultivated耕作.

A.abandoned被遗弃的B.scattered分散的；零散的

C.rejected拒绝D.vanished消失；突然不见

20.Theboy’sbackwasBwithsweat.

A.glittering辉煌的；闪闪发光的B.glistening（湿物）闪耀的，反光的

C.glimmering微光，隐约的一瞥D.gleaming闪闪发光的

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（40points）

DIRECTIONS:

Inthispartthereare5passagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinished

Statements,eachwith4suggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheone

YouthinkisthecorrectanswerandputyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

SomeeconomistshavesuggestedthattheU.S.distributionofincomeissomehownaturallymoreunequalthanofothercountries.Afterall,theU.S.isgeographicallyandraciallymorediversethanEurope.Nevertheless,itisnotedthateventhehighestincomeregionsoftheU,S,havesignificantlyhigherratesofpovertythanallbutthepoorestnationsofEurope.RomaniaorBulgariamighthavesimilarpercentagesofpovertybuttheirsishardlyastandardfortheworld’srichestnationtoaspireto.

Evenifblacks,theracialgroupwiththehighestpovertylevel,areeliminatedfromthecalculations,theU.S.stillhastwicetheEuropeanrateofpoverty.AndAmericanpoorworkjustasmuchasthepoorofEuropeannations,ifnotmore.MoresinglemothersintheU.S.forexample,havejobsthaninGreatBritain（althoughfamilyandemployment）.

Iftheexodusfromthebottomofthemiddleclasscanbetracedtoalackofgovernmentsupportfortheworkingpoor,thatstillleavesdeparturesatthetoptobeexplained.Althoughincomefromtwocareersispushinganincreasingnumberofhouseholdsoverthethresholdtotheupperclass,highersalariesearnedbymenaccountforthebulkofupwardmobility.Inaddition,manyaremovingupsimplybecausethesalaryofthetop10percentofwageearnersisnowatleast3.8timesthatofthebottom20percent,ascomparedwith2.6only25yearsago.

WillthemiddleclasseventuallybecomeaminorityintheU.S.?

Currentnumberssuggestthereisnodangerofthatbeforetheturnofthecenturyatleast.Nevertheless,thetrendseemsominous.Aslongastheworkforceisincreasinglysegregatedintoprofessionalized,high-payingjobsandlessskilled,low-payingones,themiddlewillbethreatened.

1.Thehighest-incomeregionsoftheU.S.havehigherratesofpovertythan

.

A.allEuropeannationsB.RomaniaandBulgaria

C.thepoorestnationsofEuropeD.allexceptthepoorestEuropenations

2.TheU,S,distributionofincomeismoreunequalthanthatofEuropeancountriesbecause.

A.theU.S.hastwicetheEuropeanrateofpoverty

B.theU.S.isoneoftheworld’srichestnations

C.EuropeisgeographicallyandraciallylessdiversethantheU.S.

D.theAmericanpoorpeopleworkasmuchasthepoorpeopleofEuropeannations.

3.Bysaying“thesalaryofthetop10percentofwageearnersisnowatleast3.8timesthatofthebottom20percent,ascomparedwith2.6only25yearsago”,theauthormeans.

A.thegulfbetweenearnersandbottomearnershasconsiderablywidenedin25years.

B.thenumberofthetop10precentofwageearnershasincreased.

C.thenumberofthebottom20percentofwageearnershasdecreased.

D.morepeopleareneitherrichnorpoor.

4.Frp,thepassage,itcanbeconcludedthat.

A.themiddleclasswilleventuallybecomeaminorityintheU.S.

B.mostofthemiddleclasspeoplewillmoveintotheupperclassbeforetheendofthiscentury.

C.theproportionofthemiddleclasspopulationwilldecreaseifthegapbetweentheworkingrichandtheworkingpoorfurtherwidems.

D.professionalized,high-payingjobswillcomprisethebulkofworkforceintheU.S.

PassageTwo

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinksoifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewomen.Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies!

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebythesemenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdoesnotconcealtherealcontemptthatmanymenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen.Theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotbornoutbystatistics.Let’sconsiderthematterofdriving,forinstance.Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs.Butthisisminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,managers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdonTop-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso=called‘rights’.Eveninotherwiseenlightenedplaces