山东高考英语.docx

山东高考英语.docx

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山东高考英语

绝密★启封前

2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）

英语试卷类型A

第Ⅰ卷

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams（1860-1935）

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson（1907-1964）

Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO’Connor（1930-present）

WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks（1913-2005）

OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.

21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herteachingskills.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?

A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RossParks.

24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.

B

GrandparentsAnsweraCall

Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.

NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudyby,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.

“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”

Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.

25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?

A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.

B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.

C.Itenabledhermakemorefriends.

D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.

26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?

A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.

B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.

C.83%believedithadabadinfluence.

D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.

27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?

A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.

B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.

C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.

D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.

28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?

A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirown.

B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.

C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.

D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.

C

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:

“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme.re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.

D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.

31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?

A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.

C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.

D

Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.

ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.

C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.

33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.

C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.

34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secretcodes（密码）keepmessagesprivate。

Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.

Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags（落后）farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.

Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof