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TheRequirementfortheDegreeofB.A.inEnglish

CollegeofInformationEngineering

FuyangTeachersCollege,AnhuiProvince

March,2013

学位论文

论《你在天堂遇到的五个人》里的生命哲学

吴雅兰

（200902011919）

指导老师姓名李老师职称副教授

单位阜阳师范学院外国语学院

专业名称英语教育申请学级别学士

学位授予单位阜阳师范学院

2013年5月

Abstract

TheFivePeopleYouMeetinHeaven,whichwaspublishedin2003,gotahugesuccess.There’smuchwisdominthenovel—Anearnestmeditationontheintrinsicvalueofhumanlife.ThePhilosophyoflifeinTheFivePeopleYouMeetinHeavenwillbeanalyzedfromfiveaspectsinthispaper:

theessenceoflife,devotion,forgiveness,endlessloveandthevalueofdeath,byusingHenryBergson’sphilosophyoflife,thetheoryofFreudandthetheoryofmaterialistdialecticofchangeanddevelopmentinordertohelpthereadersunderstandthemeaningoftheirlifeandtheessenceoflife.

Keywords:

Heaven;

death;

forgiveness;

thephilosophyoflife;

themeaningoflife

内容摘要

《你在天堂遇见的五个人》，在2003年出版取得了巨大的成功。

这部小说里存在许多的智慧，对人的内在价值的一个庄严的思考。

学术研究也有大量关于这本小说的研究。

本文讲根据亨利柏格森的生命哲学，佛罗伊德的理论以及唯物辩证法的变化发展观从生命的本质，奉献，宽恕，爱和死亡五个方面来探讨小说《你在天堂遇见的五个人》里主人公的一生，从而研究这部小说里的生命哲学。

帮助读者理解生命的意义和生命的本质，让我们在平凡的生活里放慢前进的步伐去学会珍惜生命，学会感恩，学会宽恕，学会自我牺牲，学会爱，学会坦然的面对死亡，感受自身的价值，明白无论在怎样的情境中，只要我们真正用一颗平静的心感知生活和幸福，无论在哪，都是天堂。

关键词：

天堂；

死亡；

原谅；

生命意义；

生命哲学

Thesisstatement

ThephilosophyoflifeinthenovelwillbeanalyzedbyusingthephilosophyoflifeofHenryBergson,FreudandtheMarxiststohelpreadersunderstandthemeaningoflifeandfacelifecorrectly

Outline

.Introduction

.TheoreticalFoundation

.ThephilosophyoflifeofHenryBergson

.Freud'

stheoryofpersonalitystructure

.Id

.Ego

.Superego

.ThetheoriesofMarxist

1.Widespreadcontactview

2.Developmentconcept

.ThePhilosophyofLifeinThisNovel

.ThemeaningofLife；

1.TheBlueMan’sdeathandEddie'

ssurvival

2.TheMeaningofLivingandGratitude

B.Self-Sacrifice

1.Eddie'

sleginjuryandTheCaptain’sdeath

2.Themeaningofsacrifice

C.Forgiveness

1.Ruby’sexplanationabouthisfather’sdeath

2.Thevalueofforgiveness

D.Endlesslove

1.Eddieandhiswife

2.Thewayofdealingwiththepartner'

sdeath

E.TheValueofDeath

.EddieandthelittlegirlTara

.TheValueofDeath

.Conclusion

.Introduction

MitchAlbomisanAmericanbest-sellingauthor,journalist,screenwriter,dramatist,radioandtelevisionbroadcaster.Heisbestknownforhisinspiringstoriesandthemes.TheFivePeopleYouMeetinHeavenisoneofhisbestwritingswhichIlikemost.Inthenovel,themaincharacterEddiegivesanimaginarystoryafterhisdeathinheaven.Therearesomanycommentsonthisworkfromtheoverallevaluationtotheindividualresearch,fromthecontenttotheform,fromtheorytopractice.Itisasolemnmeditationontheintrinsicvalueoflife.Thestoryisverymoving,whichhelpsusunderstandhowlifeplaysaself-worthinanunknownway.

Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyinoursociety,thepaceofpeople'

slifeisbecomingmoreandmorefaster.ManyPeoplearekeentopursuemateriallife,theyarealwaysbusy,theyforgettothankothers,forgettoforgiveothers,ignoretheirrelatives,ignoretheirfriends,theylivealoneintheirlonelylife,theyalsodon'

tknowtheirownvalueandsignificanceoflifeevenaftertheirdeath.IwanttousethephilosophyoflifeofHenryBergson,FreudandMaxistohelppeoplerecognizeclearlythereallyimportantthingsintheworldandthePhilosophyoflife.Inthedepthsofthesoul,peopleknowthatthelifeisassociatedwitheachother,whichlikesthepebblesinthebottomofariver.Everyonehashisownsignificanceintheworld.Therefore,astudyofthisnovelfromtheperspectiveoffiveaspectshasaveryimportantsignificance.

.TheoreticalFoundation

Thephilosophyoflifeistoexploretheultimatemeaningofhumanlife,thesignificanceoftheexistenceoflife,thevalueoflife,humanlifeandnonhumanlifeandtherelationshipofnatureandhumanbeings.Revealingthenatureandmeaningofhumanlifeasthestartingpointofallphilosophicalstudy,themainconcernsofwhichfocusonhowtomaintainthedignityofhumanlifeandwhatisthevalueoflife.

Therearedifferentphilosophicalunderstandingsoflife.InHenryBergson’sview,stretchingisthecoreoftheconcept.Hisinterpretationofstretchingis“abottomless,noshoreoftheriver”（18）,whichjustflows,butdoesnotflowtoonedirection,andcannotbedeterminedbyanymarkedpower.Bergsonthinksthattheconsciousnessofhumanityandpersonalityisalwaysinconstantchange,Bergson（8）oncesaid“Humanbeingscannotrepeattheirpastandhistory,becauseasaconsciousliving,thereischangeoneafteranother,andtosomeextent,eachchangeisaprocessofmature,whichevolvesintocreation.”.Bergsonmakesadifferencebetween“dreamer”and“trueman”andpointsthat（198）“peoplewholiveinthepastforthemerepleasureoflivingthere,andinwhomrecollectionsemergeintothelightofconsciousnesswithoutanyadvantageforthepresentsituation,butadreamer”.Incontrast,“thehappydispositionofamemorydocileisenoughtofollowwithprecisionalltheoutlinesofthepresentsituation”（Bergson198）.Meanwhile,peoplewhoaccepttherealityactivelyaretrueman.Therefore,truemanisthecontinuumofchange,whichcanrecognizechangeandacceptchangewheninstretching.

However,Freud,thefounderofpsychoanalysis,hasdifferentopinionsaboutlife.Hebelievesthataman’spersonalityiscomposedbyId,egoandsuperego.“Idisthecompositionoftheinstinctiveimpulsetoallbody”（Yao210）,anditjustlikes“child”,theonlyoneruleofwhichis“thepleasureprinciple”（Freud22）.Egomakeseffectinrationalaspect.“Itrelatestotherealwordandoperatesviatherealityprinciple,andrealizestheneedforcompromiseandnegotiatesbetweenIdandsuperego”（Freud24）.Thesuperegomightbecalledthemoralpartofthemind.It“storesandenforcesrules,andstrivesforperfection,eventhoughthisperfectionidealmaybequitefarfromrealityorpossibility”（Yao211）.Thesuperegoiswehopewhatkindofpeoplewewillbe—theidealself.Itfollowstheethicalstandards,whichisamodelofourlives.

Marxistsalsohavetheiroriginalunderstanding.Marxiststhink“theworldiswidespreadcontactandshippeddynamicchangeanddevelopment.Allthingsareinthesportschangeofdevelopment.Inadditiontoeternalchange,perpetualmotionofmaterialandthemotionofmatterandchangebasisoutsidethelaw,thentherearenoeternalthings”（Enges23）.Althoughnotallthechangesaretodevelop,thebasictrendofchangeisdevelopment.Anddevelopmentistheriseinforwardmovement,whoseessenceisthegenerationofnewthingsandthedestructionofoldthings.

Thephilosophyoflifeinthisnovelisgreatlyinfluencedbythesethreedifferentphilosophiesoflife.Thatis,thenovel’sphilosophyhasBergson’sstretchingandFreud’spersonalitytheoryaswellasMarxists’lifechangeanddevelopmenttheory,whichareclearlyrepresentedinthisnovel.

.ThePhilosophyofLifeReflectedinThisNovel

Ithinkthatnomatterwhoheis,hehasvalueintheworld.ThephilosophyoflifeisreflectedbyfivecharacterswhomEddiemetinHeaveninthisnovel.Theynotonlyrepresentfiveimportantstagesinhislife,butalsofiveaspectsthatrelatetothemeaningoflife.

TheleadingcharacterEddieisanamusementparkmaintenancemanofRubyPier.Onhis83rdbirthday,hediedinordertosavethegirlindistressinanunexpectedaccidentinplayground.Whenhewokeup,EddiefoundhehadbeenlivinginHeavenandsawthattherewasnottheidylllingerGardenofEden,butthereproductionoftheoverlappingfragmentsoflifeonearth.Fivepeople,whomEddiemightrememberorignoreorforget,intheirturndebut,guidehimtolookforthelosttimeandexplorethemysteryoflife,asiftherewasahugeinvisiblechainbetweenHeavenandEarth,ofwhichEddieisonepart.Strangers,acquaintances,togetherwithpeoplewhomEddiehurtorhurtbyhim,andpeoplewhomEddielovedorlovedbyhim.Inhislife,thesepeopleareinextricablylinked.Everyone’slifeanddeathgetintouchwithEddie’slifeinthewaythatEddieneverthoughtabout.Everysoulhashisstorytotellandsecrettorevealaswellaslessontoteach.ThoughEddie’scomingfinishtheirlife,Eddieknowshimselfexactlyandunderstandsthemeaningoflife.

.TheMeaningofLife

Humanbeingsarewidespreadcontactandinconstantchange,People,whocanaccepttherealityandrealizetheadvantageofthepresent,aretrueman.FromthebluemanwhomEddiemetinheaven,Eddiebegantounderstandhissituationandknowthemeaningofhislife.

ThefirstpersonEddiemetinheavenistheblueskinman.Therearemanyrolesinafilm.Similarly,“onestoryalsohastwodifferentangles.Itisthesameday,thesamemoment,”（Mitch,2007:

27）Eddieandthebluemanhappenedtoappearinthesameplace.However,theendingisdifferent.EddiewassavedbutthebluemanwhodiedbecauseofavoidingimpairingEddie,whowasdroppingpennieswhenthebluemancomeacross.

Oneday,Eddieoncetossedabaseballwithhisfriendsinthestreet,andtheblueskinmanjustdrovethroughhere.“HequicklyturnedaroundinordertoavoidhittingEddie,butthecarlosescontrol