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论文一稿

湖北大学知行学院

本科毕业论文

题目OntheAssimilationofAmericanImmigrantCulturefromtheEnglishOnlyMovements

从唯英语运动浅析美国移民文化同化

外国语系英语专业

学号B1361010071

学生姓名章亭

指导教师贺欢

起讫日期2016.9～2014.10

工作地点湖北大学知行学院

Contents

EnglishAbstract.

ChineseAbstract

ChapterOneIntroduction.

1.1Thebackgroundoftheresearch

1.2Theaimandsignificanceoftheresearch

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview

2.1Assimilation’srelatedresearchesathomeandaboard

2.2TheEnglishOnlyMovementsRelatedResearchesathomeandaboard

ChapterThreeTherelationshipbetweenAmericanlanguageandImmigrantculture

3.1theroleandfunctionoflanguage（语言的作用和功能）

3.1.1theessenceoftheEnglishOnlyMovements

3.1.2thecarrierofAmericanculture-----Americanlanguage

3.2theassimilationofAmericanImmigrantculture

3.2.1theformationofAmericandominantculture（WASP）

3.2.2TheconflictsbetweenWASPandAmericanImmigrantculture

3.2.2.1WhatisAmericanImmigrantCulture?

3.2.2.2Howtheconflictscomeintobeing

3.3Thewaytoavoidtheconflicts

3.4Immigrantculturewillbeassimilated-----takeAmericanimmigrantculturevalueasanexample

3.4.1Americanlanguageandculturevalueaffecteachother

3.4.1.1语言相关性（linguisticrelativity）

3.4.1.2Americanculturalvaluecontributetotheassimilationoflanguage

3.4.2theimmigrantculturalwillbeassimilated

ChapterFourtheReasonofassimilatingAmericanculture

4.1

ChapterFiveConclusion.

Bibliography.

Acknowledgment

Abstract

America,asacountryconsistedofmanyimmigrants,theearliestimmigrantscarriedtheirowncultureandintegratedthemintotheculturethatalreadyexistedinAmerica,whichformedtheAmericandominantculture,alsocalledWASP.ItreferstothedominantpatternofAmericanculture;theconnotationofWASPisbasedonregardingEnglishasthemainlanguageandistherepresentativeoftheProtestantpolitics,culture,religiousbeliefandvalue.TheProtestantswereborninAnglo—Saxon.ButImmigrantstodayreservetheirownculture,whichleadstotheconflictsbetweenWASPandthecultureofimmigrantcountries.Inordertoavoidtheconflicts,assimilatingimmigrantsisnecessary.AssimilationfirstappearsinALetterfromAmericanFarmerwrittenbyHectorSanJohnDirkLeif.“Thenewpeople”inhisbookstandsforassimilation.Basedonthisconcept,theauthor’sunderstandingtowardsassimilationisthattheimmigrantsacceptAmericanlanguage,nationalidentity,senseofworth（Americanculturalvalue）.Inotherwords,theyhavethesenseofacceptancetowardsWASP.Allofthese,Americanculturalvalueplaysthekeyroles.

ThispaperfocusesontheassimilationofAmericanimmigrantculturevalueandtriestostudyandanalyzetheAmericanimmigrantculturevaluefromtheAmericanlanguagepolicy.First,theauthorputstheEnglishOnlyMovementsasthesuperficialphenomenonofassimilatinginAmericansocietyandwillanalysistheAmericanimmigrantculturefromthedevelopmentoflanguagepolicyandtheaims,theessenceandtheresultsoftheEnglishOnlyMovements.Second,theauthorwilltaketheassimilationofimmigrantculturevalueasanexampletostateassimilationmoreclearly.Third,theauthorwilldoresearchesonthereasonsofassimilatingAmericanimmigrantculturevalue.

【KeyWords】theEnglishOnly;MovementsAmericanimmigrantculture;valueassimilation

摘要

美国，作为一个移民国家，早期移民带着本民族的文化不断注入美国已有文化，形成了独具特色的美国主流文化，美国主流文化又可被称为WASP，它指的是美国文化的主导模式，它的含义是：

以英语为中心，是出生于盎格鲁-撒克逊族的新教徒政治、文化、宗教信仰和价值观的代表。

但是当代移民仍然保持着自己已有的文化，这就导致了美国主流文化和移民国家文化之间的冲突。

为了避免冲突，同化移民势在必行。

同化一词最早是赫克托·圣约翰·德·克雷弗克在1782年《一个美国农民的来信》中用“新人”的观点体现同化概念。

在这种观点的基础上，笔者所理解的“同化”是表现在移民对美国语言，民族身份，价值观等方面的认同感。

其中，美国移民文化价值观显得尤为重要。

本论文的重点在于美国移民文化同化，试着从美国语言政策的角度去学习和分析美国移民文化价值观的同化。

笔者首先把唯英语运动看作是美国社会同化的表象，从美国语言政策的发展，即唯英语运动的目的，本质以及结果去分析美国移民文化同化这一发展趋势。

其次，笔者以美国移民文化价值观同化为例进一步说明移民文化同化趋势。

最后，分析其同化的原因.

【关键词】唯英语运动美国移民文化价值观同化

ChapteroneIntroduction

America,whichisacountryconsistedofmanyimmigrants,isfullofvariouslanguages,cultures,valuesandsoon.However,withtheEnglishMovementsmovingforward,assimilationgraduallybecomesahotspotinAmericansociety.SomescholarseventhinkthatthechangeofAmericanlanguagepolicywillinfluencethedevelopmentofAmericanimmigrantculture,especiallythevalue.SounifyinglanguagehasaffectedAmericanimmigrantculturemore.Inthischapter,theauthorwillintroducethebackgroundandthesignificanceofthisresearch.

1.1Thebackgroundoftheresearch

WiththedeeperunderstandingofAmericanlanguage’spolicystudy,sociologisttendstotheimplicationoftheEnglishOnlyMovements.Thecontentofitcanbedividedintotwoparts:

oneistolegislateforEnglishastheofficiallanguage.TheotheristolegislateforEnglishastheonlylanguageinAmerica.Fromtheofficiallanguagetotheonlylanguage,Americanlanguagefinallyisassimilated.TheassimilatingoflanguagehasgivenenlightenmenttoSociologist.Duetothecloserrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture,theassimilationofAmericanimmigrantculturebecomesahotpotamongthem.SomescholarseventriestolookforthereasonswhichleadstounifyAmericanlanguage.Americanimmigrantculturevaluecrashesintotheireyes.Inonesliceoftime,debatecan’tbeintermittent.However,asweall,thepositionofAmericandominantculturecan’tbeshook.ThereisnodoubtthatthenewimmigrantsenrichAmericanculture,buttheycan’tchangethepatternofAmericansocietyandcan’tformthenewpatternandnationality.SotheassimilationoflanguageisjustthesuperficialphenomenonoftheassimilationofAmericanimmigrantculture.

1.2Theaimandsignificanceoftheresearch

Languageisthecarrierofculture.Languageisalsotheacceptanceandsymbolofnationalidentity.ThesocialanthropologistMalinowskioncesaidthatlanguageisthespiritofanationality.ForAmericafilledwithimmigrantsfrommanycountries,languageisparticularlyimportant.From1980to2001,withthedevelopmentoftheEnglishOnlyMovements,Bilingualeducationisabolishedandistakenplacebymonolingualeducation,whichmeansAmericanimmigrantlanguageisassimilated.Inotherwords,theirownlanguagemaydisappearnosooner.Withthedisappearanceoflanguage,whatisgonewithisthenationalspecialcognitiveapproach,cognitiveorigin,culturalcharacteristics,wordviewandvalue.Allofthese,whatismoreimportantistheimmigrantvalue,whichcanaffectimmigrants’behaviors.SoAmericanimmigrantculturewillbeassimilatedinashorttimes.ThepaperaimsatanalyzingtheAmericanimmigrantculturefromAmericanlanguagepolicy,analyzingtheassimilationofAmericanimmigrantfromtheEnglishOnlyMovements.

Fromtheangleofimmigrantfamilies,assimilationcanremovetheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Inafamily,ifparentsareimmigrantsandtheirchildrenareborninAmerica.Insomeway,theirchildrenareAmerican.It’stheAmericaneducationthatthechildrenreceiveandtheculturetheyacceptisAmericandominantculture（WASP）.Ifparentsstillreservetheirownculture,conflictsbetweenparentscan’tbeavoided.Besides,assimilatingimmigrantscanhelpthemintegrateintoAmericansocietymorequickly.ThereisnodoubtthatthenewimmigrantsenrichAmericanculture,buttheycan’tchangethepatternofAmericansocietyandcan’tformthenewpatternandnationality.ThepositionofAmericandominantculturecan’tbeshook.

What’smore,assimilatingAmericanimmigrantcultureisconductiveforthedevelopmentofAmericanpoliticsandeconomy.UnifyingAmericanimmigrantculturevaluecanleadtoAmericanconsistentworldviewandviewoflife,whichcanavoidconflictsfromvariousnations.UnifyingAmericanimmigrantreligiousbeliefwhichisAmericannationalideologycancontributetopoliticlife.

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview

Beforestartingwritingthispaper,theauthorhascollectedapileofbooksaboutassimilation,alsotheauthorhascollectedsomuchinformationinCNKI.Therefore,theauthorhasageneralknowledgeofassimilation’sconnotationandAmericanlanguagepolicy’shistory.

2.1Assimilation’srelatedresearchesathomeandaboard

AssimilationfirstappearsinaletterfromafarmerwrittenbyHecterSanJohnDirkLeif.Heusedtheword-“thenewpeople”embodyassimilation.Inthelate1900s,theAmericandistinguishedhistorianFrederickJacksonTenacanhadgivenhisapprovalforDirkLeif’sidea,buthethoughtwhatAmericahadfusedis“amixedrace”.Intheearly2000s,JewishwriterIsraelZengerwellputforwardthatAmericaisthesmelterofthegodinhisworks--smelter.ItisagreatsmelterwhichhaschangedEuropeanvariousraces.Theconceptof“smelterhaspushedforwardwithassimilation.In1920s,themovementscalledahundredofAmericansocializedtheconceptofassimilation.In1960s,assimilationreferstovariousracesinAmericaadjustedthemselvestoacceptculturewhichregardedAnglo-Saxonasthecenter.SociologistMiltonM.Gordonin1964inthe"assimilationofAmericanlife:

race,religiousbeliefsandtheroleoftheoriginalethnic"dividedassimilationintoseveralparts:

cultural,structural,marital,identity,attitudeacceptance,behavioralacceptance,andsecularfromthechangeofAmericanimmigrantsocietyfamilyevolution.GeorgeEatonSimpsondefiniteassimilationinits"nationalassimilation"thatitisaprocessthatpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentliveinabiggercommunity,inwhichpeoplegetridoftheirintrinsicbackgroundandcultureandcommunicatewitheachother.Therearealsoresearcherswhothoughtthatassimilationistoleteachimmigrantapproveofimmigrant-acceptingsocialvauleandculturalpatternwithdiversifiedmethods.Meanwhile,the