单片机课程设计电子音调发生器.docx

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单片机课程设计电子音调发生器.docx

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单片机课程设计电子音调发生器.docx

单片机课程设计电子音调发生器

单片机课程设计

实验报告

电子音调发生器

姓名：

日期：

2009年6月29日星期一

（一）实验目的

1．了解计算机发声原理。

2．熟悉定时器和键盘扫描电路的工作原理及编程方法。

（二）设计任务及要求

利用实验平台上的开关k0-k7和蜂鸣器设计电子音调发生器，要求：

1．利用实验平台上开关k0-k7进行音调选择，即拨动不同的开关产生不同的音调，依次拨动K0~K7，蜂鸣器发出1234567i八个音调。

2．编写2支歌曲，并可进行选择播放。

（三）工作原理及设计思路

音节由不同频率的方波产生，音节与频率的关系如表1所示。

要产生音频方波，只要算出某一音频的周期（1/频率），然后将此周期除以2，即为半周期的时间。

利用计时器计时此半周期时间，每当计时到后就将输出方波的I/0反相，然后重复计时此半周期时间再对I/O反相，就可在I/O脚得到此频率的方波。

在ZKS-03实验仪上，产生方波的I/O脚选用P1.7，通过跳线选择器JP1将单片机的P1.7与蜂鸣器的驱动电路相连。

这样P1.7输出不同频率的方波，蜂鸣器便会发出不同的声音。

另外，音乐的节拍是由延时实现的，如果1拍为0.4秒，1/4拍是0.1秒。

只要设定延时时间，就可求得节拍的时间。

延时作为基本延时时间，节拍值只能是它的整数倍，

每个音节相应的定时器初值X可按下法计算：

（1/2）*（1/f）=（12/fose）*（216-x）

即x=216-（fose/24f）

其中f:

音调频率，当晶振fose=11.0592MHz时，音节“1”相应的定时器初值为x,则可得x=63777D=F921H其它的可同样求得。

表1

音调

频率（Hz）

X（HEX）

262

F921

294

F9E1

330

FA8C

349

FAD8

392

FB68

440

FBE9

494

FC5B

523

FC8F

（四）实现功能设计

实现两个主要功能：

电子琴与音乐播放；一个辅助功能：

在液晶上显示相关信息。

1、电子琴：

4*4的矩阵16个按键，按键0实现两个功能的切换，其余按键分别发出音调低音5、6、7，中音1、2、3、4、5、6、7，高音1、2、3、4、5。

发音的同时在液晶显示屏上显示出对应的音调。

2、音乐播放：

按键0实现两个功能的切换，按键1实现播放类型选择（单曲循环播放、所有循环播放），其余按键分别对应一首歌。

目前已经有9首歌。

播放的同时，在液晶上显示出歌名。

（五）软件设计

根据要实现的功能，流程图如下：

#include

#definenop_nop_（）

#defineucharunsignedchar

#defineuintunsignedint

#definePAI_BASE15

#defineMUSIC_NUM9

#defineSCAN_CYCLE500

#defineBEEPP3_3

/***************液晶显示相关变量***********************************/

sbitLCD_RS=P2^7;

sbitLCD_RW=P2^6;

sbitLCD_EN=P2^5;

staticucharth0_f;//在中断中装载的T0的值高8位

staticuchartl0_f;//在中断中装载的T0的值低8位

statictimebuffer,Record_counter,Record_flag=0;

staticucharkey2,key=16,scounter=0,Record_time;

staticuchars_musicCounter=0x00,s_tableCounter;

bitRplay_flag=0;

bitK0_flag=0;

bitMusic_flag0;

bitMusic_flag=0;

bitFreq_flag=0;

bitdisptime_flag=0;

bitmusicAutoFlag=0;

//sbitBEEP=P3_3;//喇叭输出脚

//延时子程序1

voiddelay（intms）

{

inti;

while（ms--）

{

for（i=0;i<250;i++）

{

_nop_（）;

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*检查LCD忙状态*/

/*lcd_busy为1时，忙，等待。

lcd-busy为0时,闲，可写指令与数据。

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

bitlcd_busy（）

{

bitresult;

LCD_RS=0;

LCD_RW=1;

LCD_EN=1;

_nop_（）;

result=（bit）（P0&0x80）;

LCD_EN=0;

returnresult;

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*写指令数据到LCD*/

/*RS=L，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=指令码。

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

voidlcd_wcmd（ucharcmd）

{

while（lcd_busy（））;

LCD_RS=0;

LCD_RW=0;

LCD_EN=0;

_nop_（）;

P0=cmd;

_nop_（）;

LCD_EN=1;

_nop_（）;

LCD_EN=0;

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*写显示数据到LCD*/

/*RS=H，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=数据。

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

voidlcd_wdat（uchardat）

{

while（lcd_busy（））;

LCD_RS=1;

LCD_RW=0;

LCD_EN=0;

P0=dat;

_nop_（）;

LCD_EN=1;

_nop_（）;

LCD_EN=0;

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*设定显示位置*/

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

voidlcd_pos（ucharpos）

{

lcd_wcmd（pos|0x80）;//数据指针=80+地址变量

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*LCD初始化设定*/

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

voidlcd_init（）

{

delay（15）;//等待LCD电源稳定

lcd_wcmd（0x38）;//16*2显示，5*7点阵，8位数据

delay（5）;

lcd_wcmd（0x38）;

delay（5）;

lcd_wcmd（0x38）;

delay（5）;

lcd_wcmd（0x0c）;//显示开，关光标

delay（5）;

lcd_wcmd（0x06）;//移动光标

delay（5）;

lcd_wcmd（0x01）;//清除LCD的显示内容

delay（5）;

}

/*******************************************************************/

/**/

/*清屏子程序*/

/**/

/*******************************************************************/

voidlcd_clr（）

{

lcd_wcmd（0x01）;//清除LCD的显示内容

delay（5）;

}

//静态显示字符串

voidlcd_string（char*strpoint）/*在当前显示位置显示LCD字符串*/

{registeri=0;

while（strpoint[i]!

=0）{

lcd_wdat（strpoint[i]）;

i++;

}

/*************************************************************************/

/*ConstantTables*/

constcharcodec_music1[]={0x82,0x01,0x81,0x94,0x84,/*生日快乐歌*/

0xb4,0xa4,0x04,

0x82,0x01,0x81,0x94,0x84,

0xc4,0xb4,0x04,

0x82,0x01,0x81,0xf4,0xd4,

0xb4,0xa4,0x94,

0xe2,0x01,0xe1,0xd4,0xb4,

0xc4,0xb4,0x04,

0x00};

constcharcodec_music2[]={0x62,0x52,/*两只蝴蝶*/

0x64,0x64,0x02,0x52,0x62,0x52,

0x44,0x44,0x04,0x22,0x42,

0x54,0x52,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x22,0x42,

0x14,0x14,0x04,0x62,0x52,

0x64,0x64,0x02,0x52,0x62,0x52,

0x44,0x44,0x04,0x22,0x42,

0x54,0x52,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x22,0x42,

0x54,0x54,0x04,0x62,0x82,

0x84,0x84,0x02,0x82,0x92,0x82,

0x64,0x64,0x04,0x52,0x52,

0x54,0x52,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x22,0x91,0x41,

0x42,0x42,0x44,0x44,0x44,

0x02,0x82,0x82,0x92,

0xb2,0xa2,0xa2,0x92,0x64,0x52,0x62,

0x64,0x64,0x02,0x62,0x62,0x82,

0x94,0x94,0x02,0x22,0x62,0x52,

0x54,0x54,0x04,0x62,0x82,

0x82,0x62,0x84,0x02,0xb2,0xb2,0xa2,

0x92,0xa2,0x64,0x02,0x92,0x92,0xa2,

0x92,0x82,0x62,0x52,0x52,0x62,0x52,0x62,

0x84,0x84,0x02,0x82,0x82,0x92,

0x92,0x82,0x62,0x52,0x52,0x12,0x12,0x22,

0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,

0x00};

constcharcodec_music3[]={0x04,0x42,0x41,0x51,

0x62,0x62,0x52,0x41,0x51,0x54,0x02,0x41,0x51,/*老鼠爱大米*/

0x62,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x44,0x02,0x11,0x21,

0x14,0x11,0x11,0x21,0x41,0x44,0x02,0x42,

0x42,0x42,0x42,0x41,0x51,0x54,0x42,0x51,0x61,

0x62,0x62,0x82,0x91,0x51,0x54,0x62,0x51,0x41,

0x42,0x42,0x52,0x61,0x81,0x84,0x02,0x81,0x81,

0x92,0x41,0x41,0x42,0x61,0x01,0x52,0x42,0x42,0x51,0x41,

0x44,0x44,0x44,0x62,0x61,0x81,

0x82,0x81,0x81,0x82,0x81,0x91,0x94,0x62,0x52,

0x42,0x42,0x42,0x51,0x61,0x64,0x02,0x61,0x81,

0x82,0x82,0x82,0x91,0xb1,0xb2,0x92,0x82,0x62,

0x52,0x42,0x42,0x22,0x54,0x02,0x61,0x81,

0x82,0x82,0x81,0x92,0x81,0x94,0x62,0x52,

0x42,0x42,0x42,0x51,0x61,0x64,0x02,0x61,0x81,

0x82,0x82,0x82,0x91,0xb1,0xb2,0x92,0x82,0x61,0x51,

0x52,0x52,0x54,0x54,0x41,0x62,0x71,

0x62,0x52,0x54,0x54,0x62,0x51,0x41,

0x44,0x62,0x51,0x41,0x44,0x62,0x52,

0x62,0x42,0x62,0x91,0x81,0x84,0x02,0x61,0x81,

0x92,0x91,0x81,0x82,0x91,0x81,0x84,0x61,0x51,0x42,

0x52,0x51,0x61,0x52,0x41,0x51,0x41,0x53,0x62,0x51,0x41,

0x44,0x62,0x51,0x41,0x44,0x62,0x52,

0x62,0x42,0x61,0x92,0x81,0x84,0x02,0x61,0x81,

0x92,0x92,0xb2,0x81,0x91,0x82,0x01,0x81,0x61,0x51,0x41,

0x54,0x51,0x41,0x51,0x61,0x54,0x62,0x62,

0x54,0x02,0x42,0x44,0x44,

0x00};

constcharcodec_music4[]={0x04,0x02,0x41,0x51,0x62,0x61,0x61,0x62,0x52,/*梦醒时分*/

0x62,0x81,0x61,0x62,0x61,0x81,0x92,0x92,0x92,0xa2,

0x82,0x62,0x62,0x62,0x61,0x51,0x42,0x41,0x41,0x42,0x22,

0x62,0x81,0x41,0x44,0x51,0x52,0x01,0x52,0x42,

0x81,0x61,0x52,0x52,0x41,0x51,0x62,0x61,0x61,0x62,0x52,

0x62,0x81,0x61,0x62,0x61,0x81,0x92,0x91,0x91,0x92,0xa2,

0x82,0x62,0x61,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x92,0xb2,0xb2,0x92,

0x72,0x52,0x52,0x81,0x81,0x92,0xb2,0xb2,0x92,

0xb2,0xc2,0xc4,0xc4,0x01,0x81,0x81,0x81,

0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xc1,0xc1,0xc2,0xb1,0xa1,

0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xc2,0x62,0x82,0x82,0x81,0x81,

0x92,0xb1,0xb1,0xb2,0xb2,0xc2,0x91,0xb1,0xb2,0xb1,0xb1,

0xc2,0xc1,0xc1,0xc2,0xb2,0xd2,0xc1,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,

0xd2,0xd2,0xd2,0xf2,0xd2,0xc1,0xc1,0xc2,0xb1,0xa1,

0xb2,0xb2,0xb2,0xc2,0x62,0x82,0x82,0x81,0x81,

0x92,0xb1,0xb1,0xb2,0xb1,0xb1,0xc2,0x91,0xb1,0xb2,0xb1,0xb1,

0xc2,0xc1,0xc1,0xc2,0xb2,0xd4,0xc2,0x01,0xb1,

0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,0xb4,

0x00};

constcharcodec_music5[]={0x54,0x64,0x64,/*大长今*/

0x64,0x02,0x52,0x44,

0x24,0x44,0x44,

0x51,0x43,0x44,0x44,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x64,0x02,0x82,0x64,

0x64,0x54,0x64,

0x64,0x64,0x64,

0x84,0x94,0x94,

0x94,0x84,0x64,

0x64,0x84,0x94,

0x81,0x91,0x82,0x84,0x84,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x54,0x02,0x62,0x64,

0x54,0x64,0x24,

0x41,0x23,0x94,0x94,

0x24,0x24,0x24,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x64,0x02,0x52,0x44,

0x24,0x44,0x44,

0x51,0x43,0x44,0x44,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x64,0x02,0x82,0x64,

0x64,0x54,0x64,

0x64,0x64,0x64,

0x84,0x94,0x94,

0x94,0x02,0x82,0x64,

0x64,0x84,0x94,

0x84,0x84,0x84,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x54,0x02,0x62,0x64,

0x54,0x64,0x24,

0x41,0x23,0x24,0x24,

0x24,0x24,0x24,

0x54,0x02,0x42,0x24,

0x54,0x64,0x44,

0x54,0x02,0x62,0x84,

0x94,0x02,0x82,0x64,

0x54,0x02,0x42,0x24,

0x24,0x14,0x24,

0x41,0x23,0x24,0x24,

0x24,0x24,0x24,

0x14,0x14,0x14,

0x14,0x02,0x22,0x42,0x52,

0x62,0x52,0x44,0x02,0x22,

0x44,0x44,0x54,

0x64,0x64,0x64,

0x64,0x64,0x84,

0x94,0x02,0xb2,0x94,

0x84,0x84,0x84,

0x84,0x61,0x81,0x92,0x04,

0x92,0x82,0x64,0x02,0x52,

0x64,0x02,0x52,0x62,0x52,

0x44,0x44,0x44,

0x41,0x23,0x24,0x44,

0x54,0x54,0x54,

0x54,0x64,0x64,

0x44,0x41,0x23,0x24,

0x24,0x24,0x24,

0x00};

constcharcodec_music6[]={0x24,0x42,0x52,0x64,0x62,0x92,/*漫步人生路*/

0x84,0x62,0x52,0x64,0x02,0x62,

0x72,0x62,0x62,0x52,0x52,0x42,0x41,0x31,0x22,

0x44,0x02,0x5

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