新视野第三册16单元深度阅读.docx

新视野第三册16单元深度阅读.docx

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新视野第三册16单元深度阅读

TheSleepEnvironment

Doesthatdrip,drip,dripofthefaucetkeepyouupatnight?

Doyouneedtokeepyourfanrunningbecause"whitenoise"helpsyousleep?

Haveyouevertossedandturnedbecauseyouweretoohot,ortoocold?

Whataboutthebarkingdogorcatthatjumpsontoyourbed—havetheyeverdisruptedyoursleep?

Mostofusrecognizethatthesleepenvironmentcangreatlyaffecthow（andif）wesleep,butareyoudoingeverythingyoucantomakeyourbedroomasleephaven?

Learnaboutthedo'sanddon'tsofthesleepenvironmentandthengettipsformakingyourbedroommoresleep-friendly.

Noise

Noisesatlevelsaslowas40decibelsorashighas70decibelsgenerallykeepusawake.Thatmeansthatadrippingfaucetcanstealyoursleep,aswellasthenextdoorneighbor'sblaringstereo.Buttheabsenceorpresenceofafamiliarnoisecanhaveasgreatanimpactonyoursleepasout-of-the-ordinarynoises–studiesshowthatsirensandtrafficnoisefromacitystreetcanactuallybecomesoothingtolongtimecitysleepersjustastheabsenceofthetick,tick,tickofyourfavoriteclockwhileyoutrytosleepatahotelcanbecomeasleepstealer.

Whattodo:

Trytoblockoutunwantedsoundswithearplugsoruse"whitenoise"suchasafanoranairconditioner.Takeyourfavoriteclockwithyouwhenyoutravelinordertorecreatefamiliarsoundsthathelpyousleep（aslongastheywon'tkeepyourneighborsawake!

）

Temperature

Inmostcases,temperaturesabove75degreesFahrenheitandbelow54degreeswilldisruptsleep,butevensleepresearchersfailtoagreeontheidealtemperatureforsleep.Thepointatwhichsleepisinterruptedduetotemperatureorclimateconditionsvariesfrompersontopersonandcanbeaffectedbybedclothesandbeddingmaterialsselectedbythesleeper.Ingeneral,mostsleepscientistsbelievethataslightlycoolroomcontributestogoodsleep.That'sbecauseitmimicswhatoccursinsidethebodywhenthebody'sinternaltemperaturedropsduringthenighttoitslowestlevel.（Forgoodsleepers,thisoccursaboutfourhoursaftertheybeginsleeping.）

Whattodo:

Ingeneral,sleepscientistsrecommendkeepingyourroomslightlycool—butachievingtheidealtemperatureisn'talwayssimple.Whatdoyoudoifyouandyourpartnerdisagreeaboutroomtemperature?

Turningthethermostatdownatnightincoldweathersavesonfuelbillsandsetsthestageforsleep.Blankets,comfortersorelectricblanketscanlockinheatwithoutfeelingtooheavyorconfining.Ortheheat-seekingpartnermightdressinwarmerbedclotheswhilethewarmerpartnermightoptnottowearsleepclothesorbedcovering.Insummer,aroomthat'stoohotcanalsobedisruptive.Infact,researchsuggeststhatahotsleepingenvironmentleadstomorewaketimeandlightersleepatnight,whileawakeningsmultiply.Anairconditionerorfancanhelp,andahumidifiercanprovidereliefifyou'resufferingfromasorethroatordrynessinyournose.

Light

Muchofoursleeppatterns—feelingsleepyatnightandawakeduringtheday—areregulatedbylightanddarkness.Light–stronglight,likebrightoutdoorlight–isthemostpowerfulregulatorofourbiologicalclock.Thebiologicalclockinfluenceswhenwefeelsleepyandwhenwefeelalert.Asaresult,findingthebalanceoflightanddarknessexposureisimportant.Brightlighthelpstokeepyouawakeduringtheday,butduringsleep,brightlightscanbedisturbing.

Whattodo:

Makesuretoexposeyourselftoenoughbrightlightduringtheday.Findtimeforsunlight,orpurchasealightboxorlightvisortosupplementyourexposuretolight.Atbedtime,thinkdark:

adarkbedroomcontributestobettersleep.Trylight-blockingcurtains,drapesoraneyemask.Ifyoufindyourselfwakingearlierthanyou'dlike,tryincreasingyourexposuretobrightlightintheevening.Itmaydelaysleeponsetbutaslittleasonetotwohoursofeveningbrightlightexposuremayhelpyousleeplongerinthemorning.Also,makesuretoavoidlightifyouwakeupinthemiddleofthenighttogotothebathroom.Minimizelightbyusingalowilluminationnightlight.

SleepingSurface

Forthemostpart,weknowpeoplesleepbetterwhenhorizontalandnotcrampedbyspace.Notmuchresearchhasbeendonetounderstandthesleepingsurface,butitisclearthatitplaysaroleingettingagoodnight'ssleep.Forexample,tossingandturningonalumpy20-year-oldmattressthatdoesn'tprovidesupportforyourbackorneckcanimpedeyoufromgettingthesleepyouneedandmakeyouverysleepythenextday.Mattressexpertssaythattoooftenconsumersbelievethatultra-firmmattressesaregoodforthem,butresearchonpatientswithbackpainfoundthiswasnottrueandamoresupple,comfortingmattressmayleadtobettersleep.

Also,knowyourpillow:

researchshowsthatpillowshousethousandsoffungalsporeswhichcantriggerallergiesandcompromiseaweakenedimmunesystem.Theresearchshowsthatsyntheticpillowsheldagreateramountofbacteriathanfeatherpillows.So,notonlycanapillowaffectyourpostureandqualityofsleep,butitcanalsoaffectyourallergiesorasthmaandmakeitverydifficulttogetagoodnight'srest.

Whattodo:

Giveyourselfenoughspacetosleep.Ifyoushareabedwithapartner,makesureitislargeenoughtogivebothofyouroomtomovearound.Replaceanoldmattresswithanewone,andchooseapillowandmattressthatfitsyoubest（soft,firm,thick,thin?

）andwillbecomfortablethroughoutthewholenight.ConsumerReportsrecentlyfoundthatconsumerswhospent15minutesormoretestingeachmattressatthestoreweremorelikelytobehappywiththeirpurchase.Also,considerencasingyourpillowinaplasticcoverunderyourpillowcasetokeepdust-mitesfrominterferingwithyoursleepandallergyorasthmasymptoms.

Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.ForQuestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

ForQuestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

1.Contrarytocommonbelief,thesleepenvironmentdoesnotreallyinfluencepeople’ssleepquality.

YNNG

2.Familiarnoiseliketheticksoundofyourfavoriteclockisacommonfactorthatpreventsyoufromsleep.

YNNG

3.Sleepresearchershavenotagreedonanidealtemperatureforsleep.

YNNG

4.Studieshavefoundthataslightlycoolroomisfavorableforsleep.

YNNG

5.Lightisthemostpowerfulregulatorofoursleeppatterns.

YNNG

6.Bedpartnerswithsleepdisorderscannegativelyimpactyoursleep.

YNNG

7.Alotofresearchhasbeendonetounderstandhowsleepingsurfaceimpactssleep.

YNNG

8.Onewaytosleeplongerinthemorningisto__intheevening.

9.Researchhasfoundthatpillowscontainingfungalporesmayweakenyour__.

10.Ifyouspendsometimetestingmattressbeforebuyingit,youwouldbelikelyto__.

BoyswithEatingDisorders

NooneknowswhatTonydoesatlunchtime.Hisfriendsallgatheratthedininghallwheretheysharestoriesandeat.Theytalkabouttheirlivesandthethingstheyhaveseeninmoviesorreadinbooks.ButTonydoesn'tcareaboutthesethings,andhedoesn'tjointhem.Infact,thereisonlyonethingonTony'smind—buildingtheperfectbody.Andwhilehisfriendsarechattingaway,Tonyisinthegymbyhimself,liftingweights.Now,heisabletoliftmorethanever.Hehasalsomeasuredhisarmsandlegsandweighedhimself.Heknowsheisinthebestshapeofhislife.Butit'snotenough.

Introduction—arealproblem

Peoplesaythatwomenandgirlsaretheoneswhohavebodysizeissues,theoneswhodevelopeatingdisorders,andtheonesaffectedmostbythemediapressure.Itistruethatwomenandgirlsareaffectedmore,butthesameissuesalsoaffectmenandboys.Expertsbelievethenumberofboysaffectedisincreasingandthatmanycasesmaynotbereported,sincemalesarereluctanttoacknowledgeanyillnessmostlyassociatedwithfemales.

Whereitcomesfrom

Thereismoreandmoremediapressureformenandboystotakeonthelookofthewell-muscledathletesandactors.Malesarebecominguncomfortableabouttheirphysicalappearanceandself-image.Sports,health,andfitnessmagazinesfocusontheimportanceofhavingmusclesandthemethodstoobtainthoseperfectsportsbodies.Boystendtodoagreatdealofweighttrainingand,iftheydonotseeimmediateresults,theyoftenturntousingsteroids（类固醇）andvitaminsthatadvertiseunbelievablemusclegain.

Theaverageboycannotcomenearmeetingtheimpossible“standard”ofthemedia'smalebodyperfection.TheyarenotgoingtobeArnoldSchwarzeneggerorsomeotheractionstar,orhavethewell-muscledbodyofathletes.Themostpopularmagazinescarryimagesofwomenandmenonthecoversthatrepresentabout3percentofthepopulation.Obviously,thatleaves97percentwhocannotmeasureuptothatlevelofadesiredbodyimage.

Magazines,especiallythoseaimedatmenandboys,spreadthe“bodybuilding”messagearound.Advertisementspromoteweightlifting,bodybuildingormuscletoning.TheV-shapedbodywithgreatmusclesisemphasizedastheideal.

Theneedtomakeweightforasportlikeboxingcancauseeatingdisorders.Thedemandforpills（药片）thatgiveenergyanddecreaseaperson'sdesiretoeatishighamongthoseneedingtomakeweight.Weighttraining,sports,andconversationwithfriendscanleadboystoabnormaleatinghabits,whichcanleadtoeatingdisorders.

Eventhetoys