Travelling Languages Culture Communication andTranslation in a Mobile WorldWord格式.docx
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1.0Introduction
Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomyandtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,thetourismindustryenjoysgreatdevelopment.Tourismtranslationhasbecomeanimportantpartofthisculturalcommunication.Inthepastdecade,researchontouristtranslationstudyhasincreasedyearbyyear,inwhichtourismtranslationincross-culturalperspectivehasbecomethemainstream.Althoughtourismtranslationstudieshavemadeincertainareas,translationqualityleavesmuchtobedesired.Problemslikegrammaticalandspellingerrors,misnomers,andculturalmisunderstandings,areoftenseenintouristattractions,whichhavepreventedforeigntouristsfromunderstandingthecultureofChinesescenicspotsandlocalcharacteristics,thusreducingthescenicappealstotheforeigntourists.
Oneofthepurposesoftourismtranslationistointroducethenaturalsceneryandculturalambiencetoforeigntourists.ThequalityoftheEnglishtranslationoftourismattractionswilldirectlyaffecttheforeigntourists’impressionsofChina.Thereforeaccurate,comprehensiveandobjectivetranslationofChinesetourist’smaterialsiscriticalforforeignerstogetabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.However,tourismtranslationisnotonlyatranslationonalinguisticlevel,butalsoalevelofculturalcommunication.Asaresult.intourismtranslation,weshould,fromtheperspectiveofculturalcommunication,fullyunderstandthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturalbackgrounds,andprocessculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagessoastoinspirevisitors’interestintouristattractionsandincreasetheappealofthetouristattractions.
Onthebasisofculturalcommunication,thisthesisaimstomakecleartwopoints:
(1)Howhaveculturaldifferencesaffectedtourismtranslation?
(2)Howcanweimprovetourismtranslationfromtheperspectiveofcrossculturalcommunication?
Inthisthesis,abriefintroductiontotourismlanguageismadeatfirst,whichcanhelpclarifytheunderstandingoftourism.Anattemptthenismadetoillustratetheimportantroleofculturaldifferencesintourismtranslationandcommunicativetourism.Finally,thethesisputsforwardtranslationstrategiesandprinciplesfromfouraspects:
(1)Amplificationandomission;
(2Translationofgeographicalnamesandpersonalnames;
(3)Foodtranslation;
(4)Translationofpublicnoticesandsigns.
2.0AnIntroductiontoTravelingLanguage
2.1DefinitionofTravelingLanguage
Travellanguageisanessentialpartoftourism,whichisactuallyanexampleofcrossculturalcommunicationinthismobileworld.Inthisglobalisedtime,translationbetweendifferentlanguagesplaysanimportantroleinmulti-countrytraveling,whichincludesthecommunicationamongthetravelersandlocalpeople.
Tourismtextsincludetravelguides,travelnovels,lettersofintentforthepowerofattorneyoftourism,tourismadvertising,tourismcontracts,tourguidecommentary,scenicspots,museumcommentary,travelbrochures,touristsmaps,touristpublicityslogans,performanceprograms,menus,hotelsigns,andmanyothersimilarexamplesallkindsofnotices,signsandnames.Thereforealargevocabulary,togetherwithabroadknowledgeandawideunderstandingofculture,isinvolvedintourismlanguage,anditneedstobeeasilyunderstoodwithfunctionaldiversity.
2.2FeaturesofTravelingLanguage.
2.2.1CulturalFeaturesofTourism
Theculturalfeaturesoftourismareveryobvious.Cultureisthesouloftourism,whiletourismistheperceptionofculture.Fortourists,travelingisnotjustforsightseeing,itisalsoajourneyonwhichtouristswillconsciouslyorunconsciouslybeinfluencedbythelocalculture.InadditiontotheprofessionaltermsoftourismEnglish,travellinglanguagealsocontainsaseriesoflanguagematerialswithculturaldeposits.TheformerreferstotheEnglishpronunciation,vocabulary,andgrammar,basicelementsandthelatterreferstotheappreciationofthetourismrelatedarticles.Tohelpforeignersgaintheinformationfromnature,geography,culture,andcustoms,tourismlanguagemustfocusonthepracticalityandspecificityofthetranslation.Therefore,onthebasisofbeingfaithfultotheoriginaltext,appropriateomissioninatranslationisnecessarytomakeiteasierforforeigntouriststounderstand.
2.2.2LinguisticFeaturesofTourismLanguage
Muchoftourists’consumptionistheconsumptionofculturalproducts.Ingeneral,tourismEnglishisplainandnatural.Unlikeliterallyworks,travelinglanguagetendstousesimplewordsorsentencestorecordfacts,justliketakingphotos.However,asameansofconnectingforeigntouristsinChina,tourismEnglishshouldmeettherequirementsoftheaesthetic.Inthedevelopmentandconstructionofourbeautifulandrichcountry,theindustriousandbraveChinesepeoplehaveleftmanyculturalrelics,aswellasuniquelocalcustoms,skilledcrafts,andenticinganddeliciousfood.ThebeautyofthetravelinglanguagescancontributetotheunderstandingofChina.Therefore,sometimestourismEnglishshouldpayattentiontotherhetoricaldevicesandskillsofthelanguages,anditallowsthespecificlanguageandabstractlanguagephenomenontoexittogether.
3.0Cross-cultureDifferencesinTourism
3.1MaterialandCulturalDifferences
Inthephysicalworld,peoplewillhavecontactwithallkindsofmaterials,fromfood,clothing,andhousingtothegoodsofdailylife.However,duetodifferentlivingenvironmentandhabits,sameitemsmayhavedifferentfunctionsintheEasternandWesternworldordifferentitemsmaysharethesamemeaningbypeopleinvariousvenues.
Forexample,differentcolorsmayhavecompletelydifferentmeaningsinvariouscountriesandamongvariousnationalities.InChina,redrepresentsluck,wealth,andauspiciousfestival,whileintheeyesofWesterner,redisthecolorofblood,whichmeansimpulse,provocation,andturmoil.ItcanbeseenfromtheSpanishmatador’scarryingaredclothtochallengethecattlesinceredcanprovokethebull.Asaresult,Chinesepeopleprefertowearredclothesonduringfestivalsandholidays,whileWesternersgenerallychoosebluebecausetheythinkbluerepresentscalmandcomposure.
Besides,differentthingscanrepresentthesamepragmaticmeaningindifferentcultures.Forinstance,thetigerisoftenrecognizedasthekingoftheanimalworldinournation,whilethelionissecondtononeintheWesternworld.Thepeony,symbolizingprosperity,happiness,andgoodluck,isrenownedasthequeenofflowersofChina,whiletherose,knownforlove,isthekingofflowersintheUnitedStates.
Meanwhile,therepresentativemeaningofa“dragon”inChineseandWesterncultureistypicaltointerpretingculturaldifferences.InChineseculture,thedragonisthesymbolofroyaltyandnobility,andweChineseoftencallourselvesthe“generationsofthedragon”.Onthecontrary,dragonistherepresentativeoftheevilinthewest.Therefore,whenexplainingthingsaboutadragontoforeigntourists,atourguidemustbesuretointroducetherelatedculturalbackground,otherwiseChinesepeople,asthenationof“thedragondescendants”willbemisunderstoodas“descendantsofthedevil”byforeignvisitors.WhilevisitingtheForbiddenCity,engravedwithdragon,theymaythinkthatChineseemperorsweredemons.
Additionallyit,wordslike“zongzi”,“YinandYang”,and“theSpringFestival”arepeculiarinChinesewithprofoundculturalconnotations,whichhavenocorrespondingwordsinEnglish,andviceversa.
3.2DifferencesinPerceptions
Fromtheperspectiveofthinking,Chinesepeoplepayattentiontotheoverallsenseofunderstanding,andintuitivethinkingisthedominatemethod.IthasleadtotheiconicityandgeneralityofChinese.Conversely,Westernerstendtowardlogicalthinking,inwhichrationalcompositionplaysanimportantrole.Forexample,theletter“a”isconciseandclearintheEnglishvocabulary.Itisusedtoexpressonething,suchas“apicture”,“aflower”,“amirror”,etc.However,inChinese,differentqualifiershavetobeusedtoexpress“one”,suchas“一幅画”,“一枝花”,“一面镜子”。
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LonginfluencedbyConfucianism,Chineseemphasizesonmodestyandpraisewhenaroundwithguestsandfriends,whichhasproducedalotofpoliteexpressionsandselfdepreciatoryexpression,suchas敬候光临、恭候、令尊、高足、贵国、拙作、高见.InEnglish,expressionslike“offeringasmoke”,“toawaitrespectfully”,“yourfather”,“yourstudent”,“yourcountry”,“myopinionson”,and“mypoorwriting”,can’tcompletelydeliverthesamedepthofmeaningasChinesecan.
Meanwhile,Chinesepeoplearegoodatvisualthinking.Asaresult,Chinesearticlesarewrittenelegantlyandexcellentlywithamelodiouscadenceinwordingandphrasing.WhileforEnglishreaders,practicaldescriptionswithsimpleandobjectivewordsandsentencesaremoreconvincingandclear.Floweryrhetoricisrecognizedassuperfluousorexaggerating.
3.3DifferencesinValues
Duetodifferencesinbelief,morality,andvalues,peopleofdifferentnationalitiesmayhavedifferentopinionsandunderstandingofthesamething.Forexample,Westernpeople,advocatingthesupremacyofhumanrights,havedifferentviewsonhuman’srightsfromtheChinese.Andontherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnature,Westernersthinkthathumansarethecenteroftheworldandnatureshouldberuledbyhumans,whileinEasternculture,peopletendtoaccepttheconceptthathumansshouldadapttonatureinsteadofbeingtheemperorsoftheworld.
Additionally,Westernersdifferentiatethat